Daduhepa

Daduhepa
Daduhepa
Queen of the Hittites (Tawananna)
Predecessor	Ašmu-nikal
Born	14th century BC
Died	ca. 1345 BC
Spouse	Tudḫaliya I or Šuppiluliuma I
Issue	Šuppiluliuma I or Arnuwanda II and Muršili II
Father	Tushratta

Daduhepa (also written Daduḫepa or Duduḫepa) was a Hittite queen (Tawananna) who reigned in the 14th century BC. Her lineage is obscure, but she is believed to have been the consort of either Tudḫaliya I or Šuppiluliuma I.

Biography edit

Daduhepa was one of the queens of the Hittite New Kingdom, and was one of the first Hittite queens to have a Hurrian name after the Hittites incorporated that group into their empire.^[1]

In some sources, Daduhepa is stated to have been a wife of Šuppiluliuma I along with Ḫenti, who also had a Hurrian name.^[1]^[2] In this case, she would have had the sons Arnuwanda II and Muršili II.^[3]

In more recent studies, evidence points to Daduhepa being the consort of Šuppiluliuma's father, who is known as Tudḫaliya or Tašmišarri. Because she was written about as being queen during her son's rule, Daduhepa is believed to have outlived her husband and maintained her status of queen, as per the Tawananna tradition.^[4] She has been found depicted and named on several seals alongside her son Šuppiluliuma. She retained her status until her death around 1345 BC, after which Henti, the first wife of Šuppiluliuma, assumed the title of Tawananna and the queenship.^{[citation needed]}

References edit

Notes edit

^ ^a ^b Güterbock, 387.
^ Bryce, 25.
^ Gamer-Wallert, 188.
^ Bryce, 26.

Bibliography edit

Güterbock, Hans (1 October 1954). "The Hurrian Element in the Hittite Empire". Journal of World History. 2 (2). Editions de la Baconnière: 383–395. ProQuest 1298903346 – via ProQuest.
Bryce, Trevor (1989). "Some Observations on the Chronology of Šuppiluliuma's Reign" (PDF). Anatolian Studies. 39. British Institute at Ankara: 19–30. doi:10.2307/3642809. JSTOR 3642809. S2CID 163090197 – via JSTOR.
Gamer-Wallert, Ingrid (1992). Troia: Brücke zwischen Orient und Okzident (in German). Attempto Verlag. ISBN 9783893081509.

Himuili?^[a]

Tudhaliya I/II^[b]

Nikkalmati^[c]

Arnuwanda I^[c]

Asmunikal^[c]

Hattusili II?^[d]

Tudhaliya III^[e]

Daduhepa^[f]

Zida^[g]

Tudhaliya the Young^[h]

Henti^[g] (1)

Šuppiluliuma I^[h]

(2) Tawananna^[i]

Arnuwanda II^[g]

Telipinu^[j]

Sarri-Kusuh^[k]^[l]

Zannanza^[m]

Gassulawiya^[n] (1)

Mursili II^[g]

(2) Tanuhepa^[o]

Talmi-Sarruma^[p]

Sahurunuwa^[k]^[q]

Muwatalli II^[o]

Halpasulupi^[r]

Massanauzzi^[s]

Hattusili III^[t]

Puduhepa^[u]

Ini-Tesub^[k]^[v]

Urhi-Tesub^[o]

Kurunta^[w]

Nerikkaili^[x]

numerous daughters^[y] and sons^[z]

Tudhaliya IV^[aa]

Talmi-Tesub^[k]^[ab]

Arnuwanda III^[ac]

Suppiluliuma II^[ac]^[ad]

Kuzi-Tesub^[ae]

(1) = 1st spouse
(2) = 2nd spouse
Small caps indicates a Great King (LUGAL.GAL) of the Land of Hatti; italic small caps indicates a Great Queen or Tawananna.
Dashed lines indicate adoption.
Solid lines indicate marriage (if horizontal) or parentage (if vertical).

References:

Trevor Bryce (1997). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
Trevor Bryce (2012). The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Volkert Haas (2006). Die hethitische Literatur. Berlin, Germany: de Gruyter.

Notes:

^ Scholars have suggested that Tudhaliya I/II was the son of Himuili and thus a grandson of the Hittite king Huzziya II (Bryce 1997, p. 131).
^ Bryce (1997) does not consider it clear whether Tudhaliya I/II was one king or two (p. 133).
^ ^a ^b ^c Bryce (1997), p. 139.
^ The existence of Hattusili II is doubtful (Bryce 1997, pp. 153–154).
^ Bryce (1997), p. 158.
^ Bryce (1997), p. 172.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bryce (1997), p. 174.
^ ^a ^b Bryce (1997), p. 168.
^ Also known as Malnigal; daughter of Burnaburias II of Babylonia (Bryce 1997, p. 173).
^ ‘Great priest’ in Kizzuwadna and king (lugal) of Aleppo (Bryce 1997, p. 174).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d King (lugal) of Carchemish.
^ Bryce (1997), pp. 174, 203–204.
^ Zannanza died on his way to Egypt to marry a pharaoh's widow, probably Ankhesenpaaten, the widow of Tutankhamun (Bryce 1997, pp. 196–198).
^ Bryce (1997), p. 227.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bryce (1997), p. 230.
^ Bryce (1997), p. 220.
^ Bryce (1997), p. 222.
^ Haas (2006), p. 91.
^ Massanauzzi married Masturi, king of the Seha River Land (Bryce 1997, p. 313).
^ Bryce (1997), p. 296.
^ Puduhepa was the daughter of the Kizzuwadnan priest Pentipsarri (Bryce 1997, p. 273).
^ Bryce (1997), pp. 346, 363.
^ King (lugal) of Tarhuntassa (Bryce 1997, p. 296); apparently later Great King of Hatti (Bryce 1997, p. 354).
^ Nerikkaili married a daughter of Bentesina, king of Amurru (Bryce 1997, p. 294).
^ Two daughters of Hattusili III were married to the pharaoh Ramesses II; one was given the Egyptian name Ma(hor)nefrure. Another, Gassuwaliya, married into the royal house of Amurru. Kilushepa was married to a king of Isuwa. A daughter married into the royal family of Babylon. A sister of Tudhaliya IV married Sausgamuwa, king of Amurru after his father Bentesina. From Bryce (1997), pp. 294 and 312.
^ Bryce (1997), p. 332.
^ Bryce (1997), p. 363. Tudhaliya IV probably married a Babylonian princess, known by her title of Great Princess (dumu.sal gal) (Bryce 1997, pp. 294, 331).
^ Bryce (1997), p. 363.
^ ^a ^b Bryce (1997), p. 361.
^ Last documented Great King of the Land of Hatti.
^ King and then Great King of Carchemish (Bryce 1997, pp. 384–385).

[:0-1] Güterbock, 387.

[2] Bryce, 25.

[3] Gamer-Wallert, 188.

[4] Bryce, 26.

[5] Scholars have suggested that Tudhaliya I/II was the son of Himuili and thus a grandson of the Hittite king Huzziya II (Bryce 1997, p. 131).

[6] Bryce (1997) does not consider it clear whether Tudhaliya I/II was one king or two (p. 133).

[bryce139-7] Bryce (1997), p. 139.

[8] The existence of Hattusili II is doubtful (Bryce 1997, pp. 153–154).

[9] Bryce (1997), p. 158.

[10] Bryce (1997), p. 172.

[bryce174-11] Bryce (1997), p. 174.

[bryce168-12] Bryce (1997), p. 168.

[13] Also known as Malnigal; daughter of Burnaburias II of Babylonia (Bryce 1997, p. 173).

[14] ‘Great priest’ in Kizzuwadna and king (lugal) of Aleppo (Bryce 1997, p. 174).

[carch-15] King (lugal) of Carchemish.

[16] Bryce (1997), pp. 174, 203–204.

[17] Zannanza died on his way to Egypt to marry a pharaoh's widow, probably Ankhesenpaaten, the widow of Tutankhamun (Bryce 1997, pp. 196–198).

[18] Bryce (1997), p. 227.

[bryce230-19] Bryce (1997), p. 230.

[20] Bryce (1997), p. 220.

[21] Bryce (1997), p. 222.

[22] Haas (2006), p. 91.

[23] Massanauzzi married Masturi, king of the Seha River Land (Bryce 1997, p. 313).

[bryce296-24] Bryce (1997), p. 296.

[25] Puduhepa was the daughter of the Kizzuwadnan priest Pentipsarri (Bryce 1997, p. 273).

[26] Bryce (1997), pp. 346, 363.

[27] King (lugal) of Tarhuntassa (Bryce 1997, p. 296); apparently later Great King of Hatti (Bryce 1997, p. 354).

[28] Nerikkaili married a daughter of Bentesina, king of Amurru (Bryce 1997, p. 294).

[29] Two daughters of Hattusili III were married to the pharaoh Ramesses II; one was given the Egyptian name Ma(hor)nefrure. Another, Gassuwaliya, married into the royal house of Amurru. Kilushepa was married to a king of Isuwa. A daughter married into the royal family of Babylon. A sister of Tudhaliya IV married Sausgamuwa, king of Amurru after his father Bentesina. From Bryce (1997), pp. 294 and 312.

[30] Bryce (1997), p. 332.

[31] Bryce (1997), p. 363. Tudhaliya IV probably married a Babylonian princess, known by her title of Great Princess (dumu.sal gal) (Bryce 1997, pp. 294, 331).

[bryce363-32] Bryce (1997), p. 363.

[bryce361-33] Bryce (1997), p. 361.

[34] Last documented Great King of the Land of Hatti.

[35] King and then Great King of Carchemish (Bryce 1997, pp. 384–385).

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Daduhepa
Queen of the Hittites (Tawananna)
Predecessor	Ašmu-nikal
Born	14th century BC
Died	ca. 1345 BC
Spouse	Tudḫaliya I or Šuppiluliuma I
Issue	Šuppiluliuma I or Arnuwanda II and Muršili II
Father	Tushratta