Kolkata Circular Railway, also known as the Kolkata Chakra Rail (Bengali: কলকাতা চক্র রেল), is a 36.20 km (22.49 mi) long railway loop line operated by the Sealdah division of the Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways, encircling the city of Kolkata.[1]

Kolkata Circular Railway
A local train at Bagbazar railway station
Overview
OwnerIndian Railway
LocaleKolkata
Termini
Stations
  • Total stations: 19
  • Interchange stations: 8
WebsiteEastern Railway
Service
TypeCommuter rail
SystemKolkata Suburban Railway
ServicesDum Dum-Majerhat and Majerhat-Bidhannagar Road
Operator(s)Eastern Railway
Depot(s)Kolkata
Majerhat
Rolling stockEMUs
History
Opened11 January 1875; 149 years ago (1875-01-11)
Technical
Line length36.2 km (22 mi)
Number of tracks2
CharacterAt grade and elevated
Track gauge5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge
Electrification25 kV overhead line
Operating speedup to 65 km per hour
Route map

km
km
Noapara
02
Noapara Metro Depot
Kestopur Canal
3
Dum Dum Cantonment
Dum Dum Junction
00
Down arrow line dismantled
Jessore Road
5
Jessore Road
Bimanbandar
7
Biman Bandar
 KM Line 4  (u/c) LowerRight arrow
Patipukur loop
line (dismantled)
Belgachia
02
2
Patipukur
Ultadanga Road
03
Lansdown mill siding
Kolkata
04
Brown Blanket mill siding
Cossipore Road Goods Shed
Kestopur Canal
FCI siding
Bidhan Nagar Road
CESC siding
3
Bidhannagar Road
Press House siding
Kankurgachi Road
Tala
05
5
Kankurgachi Road Junction
ferry/water interchange Bagbazar
06
6
Sir Gurudas Banerjee Halt
Narkeldanga
EMU Carshed
ferry/water interchange Sovabazar Ahiritola
08
Circular Canal
Kankurgachi
Chord line
Sealdah North
08
8
Sealdah Main
Sealdah
Left arrow  KM Line 2  (u/c) Right arrow
Sealdah South
08
Beliaghata Diesel Loco Shed
ferry/water interchange Burra Bazar
09
9
Kamardanga Halt
ferry/water interchange B.B.D. Bag
10
Beruck & Comens Siding
Babughat Eden Gardens
12
11
Park Circus
Prinsep Ghat Prinsep Ghat
13
Hindusthan Engineering
& Industrial Ltd. siding
BESCO siding
Khidderpore
16
13
Ballygunge Junction
Remount Road
17
15
Lake Gardens
Majerhat
18
Left arrow  KM Line 3  (u/c) Right arrow
16
Tollygunge
Rabindra Sarobar
New Alipore
17
Up arrow  KM Line 1  Down arrow
Tollygunge Bridge
km
km
Key
Indian Railways broad gauge (1676 mm)
Kolkata Metro (KM) broad gauge (1676 mm)
Kolkata Metro (KM) standard gauge (1435 mm)
narrow gauge (762 mm)
in use
out of use, planned, or
under construction (u/c)
tunnel

Services edit

The line begins and terminates at Dum Dum Junction, with a total of 19 stations spread over the route's 36.20 km (22.49 mi) length (Dumdum junction to Majerhat via Princepghat route :- 18 km (11 mi) & Majerhat to Dumdum junction via Ballygunge Junction route :- 18.2 km (11.3 mi)). Services on the line are operated as an extension of the Kolkata Suburban Railway, partially sharing tracks with the Sealdah South section.[1]

The tracks mostly run along the Hooghly river and through Kolkata's central business district, carrying around 36,000 passengers daily. There are also direct services which connect this line to the Sealdah South section skipping Sealdah via the Kankurgachi Chord line.[2] The line is mostly served by 9-car EMU rakes from the Narkeldanga EMU carshed and 12-car EMU rakes from the Sonarpur EMU carshed.[3]

The Circular Railway offers direct interchange points with the Line 1 of the Kolkata Metro at Dum Dum Junction and Tollygunge railway stations while serving a number of prominent city landmarks including Prinsep Ghat and Eden Gardens.[4] The line acts as a major connecting link between the Sealdah South and the Sealdah North sections of the Kolkata Suburban Railway.[1]

Kolkata railway station, one of the major railway stations of Kolkata, lies on this line and acts as a major terminus for many national and international long-distance trains like the Akal Takht Express, Hazarduari Express, Maitree Express and Bandhan Express to name a few.[5]

History edit

Calcutta Port Commissioners' Railway edit

The Calcutta Port Commissioners' Railway (reporting mark :CPCR) was a broad gauge (BG) port railway that opened in stages from 1875 onwards serving the docks area of Calcutta along the bank of the Hooghly from Chitpur in the north to Kidderpore Docks in the south.[6][7]

The first CPCR line opened from Baghbazar, the then terminus of the Calcutta Municipal Railway to Meerbohur Ghat (present day Meer Bahar Ghat) in 1875. The Baghbazar terminus was connected northwards to the Cossipore Gun & Shell Factory near Chitpur on 1878.[6]

The line was extended southwards up to Kidderpore Docks and was opened to goods traffic by 1891. By 1893 the line was constructed up to Chetla. A branch line was also built in 1893 from Kidderpore Docks to Majerhat[6]

In 1936, the CPCR owned 55 locomotives and 1789 goods wagons.[8]

Eastern Bengal Railway edit

In the northern half, the Chitpur Terminus extension was built in 1903 and connected with Dum Dum by the Eastern Bengal Railway (reporting mark :EBR).[9]

A loop line meant for goods traffic was built from Dum Dum junction to Dum Dum Cantonment via Patipukur on 1904.[9]

In the southern section the Budge Budge branch line was built from Ballygunge to Budge Budge. This line formed a connection to the CPCR lines at Majerhat and Brace Bridge junctions.[6][9]

In 1907 the Kankurgachi Chord line was built bypassing Sealdah and linking the northern and southern sections of the Eastern Bengal Railway.[9]

Post-Independence edit

With the silting of Hooghly river and inaccessibility of bigger ships most of the CPCR lines fell into disuse while the growing population and traffic problems of Kolkata made planners to think of new commuting solutions. The Ginwala Committee of 1947 and the Garbutt Report of 1966 recommended forming a Circular railway with elevated tracks for lower expenses and easier construction for a north–south corridor.[10][11]

A high level Metropolitan Transport Team set up by the Planning Commission in 1965 to study the metropolitan transport requirements of Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi and Madras recommended in case of Calcutta, the construction of a part of circular railway known as suburban Dispersal Line (Dum-Dum to Princep Ghat) to facilitate the dispersal of the commuters arriving at the railway terminus at Sealdah and Howrah and a provision of Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) for catering to the intra-city traffic .[12]

As a result, the Baghbazar-Prinsep Ghat line was rehabilitated and commissioned for passenger traffic on 15 August 1984. Services were subsequently extended northwards towards Tala and finally to Dum Dum by 17 June 1990.[13]

The Prinsep Ghat-Majerhat elevated section was commissioned in 2005 thus completing the Circular railway line.[14]

The Dum Dum Cantonment–Biman Bandar branch line was built by the Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways and was inaugurated in July 2006. Due to losses and poor patronage owing to the location of the station and odd timings of the services, the services on the line were closed down in 2016. The line was further dismantled in 2020 to make way for the Line 4 of the Kolkata Metro.[15][16]

Stations edit

Names in bold indicate that the station is a major stop or an important interchange/terminal station.

# Station Name Connections Picture Notes
English Bengali Code
1 Dum Dum Junction দমদম জংশন DDJ   Sealdah Main and North section  
  Kolkata Metro line 1 (Dum Dum metro station)
2 Patipukur পাতিপুকুর PTKR  –
3 Kolkata কলকাতা KOAA  –   Major railway station of Eastern Railway
4 Tala টালা TALA  –
5 Bagbazar বাগবাজার BBR   Bagbazar Launch Ghat  
6 Sovabazar Ahiritola শোভাবাজার আহিরীটোলা SOLA   Sovabazar Launch Ghat  
  Ahiritola Ghat
7 Burrabazar বড়বাজার BZB   Jagannath Ghat
8 B.B.D Bag বি.বা.দি. বাগ BBDB   Fairlie Place Ghat  
9 Eden Gardens ইডেন গার্ডেন্স EDG   Outram Ghat  
10 Prinsep Ghat প্রিন্সেপ ঘাট PPGT   Prinsep Ghat  
11 Khiddirpur খিদিরপুর KIRP
12 Remount Road রিমাউন্ট রোড RMTR  –
13 Majerhat মাঝেরহাট MJT   Sealdah–Budge Budge branch line  
  Kolkata Metro line 3 (Majerhat metro station)
14 New Alipore নিউ আলিপুর NACC   Sealdah–Budge Budge branch line  
15 Tollygunge টালিগঞ্জ TLG   Sealdah–Budge Budge branch line  
  Kolkata Metro line 1 (Rabindra Sarobar metro station)
16 Lake Gardens লেক গার্ডেন্স LKF   Sealdah–Budge Budge branch line  
17 Ballygunge বালিগঞ্জ BLN   Sealdah South section
18 Park Circus পার্ক সার্কাস PQS   Sealdah South section  
19 Sir Gurudas Banerjee Halt স্যার গুরুদাস ব্যানার্জি হল্ট SGBA  
20 Bidhannagar Road বিধাননগর রোড BNXR   Sealdah Main and North section  

Proposed stations edit

Two new stations were planned in the Kankurgachi Chord line section of the line between Park Circus and Sir Gurudas Banerjee Halt stations, namely Kamardanga Halt (serving Tangra) and Beliaghata Main Road but the plan was ultimately cancelled.[17] Although the construction of the Kamardanga Halt station was started on 27 February 2011, it was not completed and currently lies abandoned.[17]

Gallery edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c "Sealdah Division System Map" (PDF). Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Tallah block on train tracks for 20 days in February". Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  3. ^ "Highlights of TRS Organisation, Sealdah division, Eastern Railway". Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  4. ^ "SEALDAH DIVISION – AN OVERVIEW". Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  5. ^ "Departures from Kolkata ER/Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry". indiarailinfo.com. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d "" Administration Report on the Railways in India – corrected up to 31st March 1918"; Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta; page 41". Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  7. ^ "India Railway Board: History Of Indian Railways Constructed And In Progress". Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  8. ^ World Survey of Foreign Railways. Transportation Division, Bureau of foreign and domestic commerce, Washington D.C. 1936. p. 226d.
  9. ^ a b c d "Administration Report on Railways 1918" pages 42-43 (pdf 51-52)". Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  10. ^ "Calcutta - Pride in a Tube". Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  11. ^ "Electritication of Calcutta Railways" (PDF).
  12. ^ "HUNDRED AND FORTY-SECOND REPORT PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE (1988-89) (EIGHTH L OK SABHA) METROPOLITAN TRANSPORT PROJECT CALCUTTA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS (RAILWAY BOARD)" (PDF). Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  13. ^ "Speech of Shri Bansi Lal Introducing the Railway Budget for 1985-86 on 14th March, 1985" (PDF). Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  14. ^ "Speech of Shri Lalu Prasad Introducing the Railway Budget for 2006-07, on 24th February 2006" (PDF). Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  15. ^ "Services End on Kolkata's Circular Railway". Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  16. ^ "Defunct Circular Rail track dismantled". The Times of India. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  17. ^ a b "Sudip Bandyopadhyay, MP, will announce commencement of work for construction of Kamardanga Halt station between Park Circus and Gurudas Banerjee Halt in the Eastern Railway's Sealdah South Section on Sunday. Kolkata mayor Sovan Chatterjee will be present. - Times of India". The Times of India. 26 February 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2022.