Wikipedia

Boeing 777X

(Redirected from Boeing 777-9X)

The Boeing 777X is the latest series of the long-range, wide-body, twin-engine jetliners in the Boeing 777 family from Boeing Commercial Airplanes. The changes for 777X include General Electric GE9X engines, composite wings with folding wingtips, greater cabin width and seating capacity, and technologies from the Boeing 787. The 777X was launched in November 2013 with two variants: the 777-8 and the 777-9. The 777-8 provides seating for 395 passengers and has a range of 8,745 nmi (16,196 km; 10,064 mi) while the 777-9 has seating for 426 passengers and a range of over 7,285 nmi (13,492 km; 8,383 mi).

Boeing 777X
Boeing 777-9 on its roll-out in March 2019
Role Wide-body jet airliner
National origin United States
Manufacturer Boeing Commercial Airplanes
First flight January 25, 2020; 4 years ago (2020-01-25)[1][2]
Introduction 2026 (intended)
Status In flight testing
Produced 2017–present
Number built 3[3]
Developed from Boeing 777

The 777X program was proposed in the early 2010s with assembly at the Boeing Everett Factory and the wings built at a new adjacent building. As of June 2024, there are 501 total orders for the 777X passenger and freighter versions from thirteen identified customers and unnamed buyer(s).[4] The 777-9 first flew on January 25, 2020. Deliveries have been delayed multiple times; as of October 2024, Boeing expects the first aircraft to be delivered in 2026.

Development

edit

Initial design

edit

In 2011, Boeing refined its response to the revamped Airbus A350 XWB with three 777X models, targeting a firm configuration in 2015, flying in late 2017 or 2018, and entering service by 2019. The then-proposed, 407–passenger 777-9X stretched the 777-300ER by four frames to 250 ft 11 in (76.48 m) in length, for a 759,000 lb (344 t) maximum take-off weight (MTOW). It would have been powered by 99,500 lbf (443 kN) engines, targeting per-seat 21% better fuel burn and 16% better operating cost. Early designs of the smaller 353-seat 777-8X proposed stretching the 777-200ER by ten frames to a length of 228 ft 2 in (69.55 m), with a 694,000 lb (315 t) MTOW and 88,000 lbf (390 kN) turbofans to compete with the A350-900.[5] An 8LX version with the 9X's MTOW would have had a range of 9,480 nmi (17,560 km; 10,910 mi).[5] The current 777-200LR/300ER has a 775,000 lb (352 t) MTOW.

The proposals also included a carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) wing with a wingspan of 213 or 225 ft; 2,560 or 2,700 in (65 or 68.6 m) with blended winglets, or up to 233 ft 5 in (71.1 m) with raked wingtip would have provided for a 10% larger wing area. The aircraft would have fallen into ICAO aerodrome code F like the 747-8 and A380 but with 22 ft 6 in (6.9 m) folding wingtips would stay within the 213 ft 4 in (65.02 m) code E like current 777s. Horizontal stabilizers also were extended.[5]

Engine selection

edit

The General Electric GE90-115B of the earlier 777-200LR and -300ER variants has a 42:1 overall pressure ratio and 23:1 HP compressor ratio. Rolls-Royce Plc proposed its RB3025 concept with a 132 in (335 cm) fan diameter, a 12:1 bypass ratio, and a 62:1 overall pressure ratio, targeting a fuel burn of more than 10% lower than the GE90-115B and 15% lower than its Trent 800 powering the 777; the RB3025 concept has a composite fan, a core derived from the Trent 1000, and advanced HP materials. Pratt & Whitney responded with the 100,000 lbf (440 kN) thrust PW1000G geared turbofan architecture. GE Aviation proposed the GE9X with a 128 in (325 cm) diameter fan, a 10:1 bypass ratio, a 60:1 overall pressure ratio, and 27:1 HP compressor ratio for a 10% fuel burn reduction.[5]

In March 2013, Boeing selected the GE9X with a 132 in (335 cm) fan.[6] It is the largest fan made by GE.[7] In the rest of 2013, thrust was bumped to 102,000 and 105,000 lbf (450 and 470 kN) to support the MTOW growing from 769,413 to 775,000 lb (349,000 to 351,534 kg) and increasing the payload-range, with a possible 108,000 lbf (480 kN) envisioned.[8]

Some customers bemoaned the loss of engine competition, like Air Lease Corporation's CEO Steven Udvar-Hazy who wanted a choice of engines. Airbus points out that handling more than one engine type adds millions of dollars to an airliner cost. Pratt and Whitney said: "Engines are no longer commodities...the optimization of the engine and the aircraft becomes more relevant."[9]

Launch

edit

In 2012, with the Boeing 737 MAX in development and the 787-10 launch in preparation, Boeing decided to slow 777X development to reduce the risk with introduction still forecast for 2019.[10] On May 1, 2013, Boeing's board of directors approved selling the 353-seat 777-8LX to replace the 777-300ER from 2021, after the larger 406-seat -9X.[6]

The design work is distributed between Charleston, Huntsville, Long Beach, Philadelphia, and St. Louis in the U.S and Moscow, Russia.[11] Its development cost could be over $5 billion with at least $2 billion for the carbon-composite wing.[12]

On September 18, 2013, Lufthansa became its launch customer by selecting 34 Boeing 777-9X airliners, along with 25 Airbus A350-900s to replace its 22 747-400s and 48 A340-300/600s for its long-haul fleet.[13] At the November 2013 Dubai Airshow, the -8X for 350 passengers over a 9,300 nmi (17,200 km; 10,700 mi) range and the -9X, seating more than 400 over 8,200 nmi (15,200 km; 9,400 mi) were launched with 259 orders and commitments for US$95 billion (~$123 billion in 2023) at list prices. This was the largest commercial aircraft launch by dollar value with Emirates ordering 150, Qatar Airways 50, and Etihad Airways 25, in addition to the September 2013 Lufthansa commitment for 34 aircraft.[14] Boeing dropped the variants' "X" suffix, while keeping the 777X program name at the 2015 Dubai Airshow.[15]

In June 2017, Lufthansa was considering delaying 777X deliveries and could limit its -9 orders to 20 and order more A350s.[16] Due to its large order, Emirates will become the first operator instead of Lufthansa.[17]

Production

edit
 
A row of Boeing 777-300s and -300ERs at Dubai International Airport of its largest operator, Emirates

In December 2014, Boeing began construction on a 367,000 sq ft (34,100 m2) composites facility in St. Louis to be completed in 2016, to build 777X parts with six autoclaves for the wing and empennage parts, starting in 2017.[18] The 787 'surge' line at the Everett factory would be converted into a 777X early production line by the end of 2015.[19] Boeing built a 1,300,000 sq ft (120,000 m2) building adjacent to the Everett factory, with a 120 ft (37 m) autoclave,[20] and a robot to wind fiber for the wings.[21] The first 777X was planned to be built on the ex-787 "surge" line.[22]

The -9 firm-configuration was reached in August 2015 and assembly of the initial aircraft was to begin in 2017 for a December 2019 introduction advanced from the previously scheduled 2020.[23] With a current 777 production rate of 100 per year, 380 on order at the end of 2013 and no orders at the February 2014 Singapore Airshow, bridging the gap to the 777X deliveries starting from 2020 is a challenge: to stimulate orders, sales of current 777s can be paired with 777Xs and used 777s can be converted to freighters to be sold and stimulate sales.[24]

2017

edit

In April 2017, the initial one-piece wing spar came onto the assembly jig and was about to enter lay-up in June; first parts assembly for the initial -9, a static test airframe, were underway in the purpose-built wing center near Everett, Washington. Four -9s, a fatigue-test airframe, and two -8s were planned for testing. Tests of avionics, power and integrated systems continue in Boeing Field laboratories and were integrated into an "Airplane Zero" in 2017 as 70% detailed design was done by June 2017.[25]

The assembly of the first composite wing test example began in Everett in late September 2017 with its top section lowered into a jig for robotic drilling.[26] Boeing launched the 777-9 production on October 23 with the wing spar drilling; its maiden flight was scheduled in the first quarter of 2019, one year before its introduction, perhaps with Emirates.[27]

On November 7, 90% of the engineering drawings were released, with the airframe before the systems: 99% of the wing and 98% of the fuselage drawings are released.[28] The detailed design phase was expected to be completed in 2017 as avionics, power and other systems are ready for ground tests. Aircraft Numbers 1 and 6 were planned to be used for ground tests; four 777-9s (No. 2 to 5) were slated for the flight test and certification campaign, with two 777-8s to come later. Final assembly was planned to start in 2018 before roll-out the same year.[29]

The 777X production techniques were expected to be major cost-cutters. The Fuselage Automated Upright Build (FAUB) system was developed and quietly tested in Anacortes, Washington, 40 miles north of the 777 Everett assembly plant. A major leap in automated production, it drills the tens of thousands of holes in the fuselage more quickly, accurately, and safely. The wings are the first produced by Boeing in composite and not out-sourced like for the 787, and production is largely automated as well. The specifically built billion-dollar factory has excess capacity, laying the foundation for the company's expected future programs: the New Midsize Airplane (NMA) and later the New Small Airplane to replace the 737.[30]

2018

edit
 
Model presented in April 2018

In February 2018, Subaru (ex–Fuji Heavy Industries) completed the first aluminum and titanium center wingbox integrated with main landing gear wheel wells at its Handa factory. The factory was completed in April 2016 and started operation in 2017. It has 125,000 square feet (11,600 m2) of floor space and is equipped with automatic riveters, transfer, and painting machines.[31][32]

Boeing's first composite wing spars, stringers, and skin panels are formed in the $1 billion Composite Wing Center before assembly on a new horizontal build line. In February 2018, its wing components were ready to go through assembly as Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, the 787 composite wings manufacturer, advised Boeing on the wing assembly. At this time, 93–95% of the design was released: complete for structures and in progress for systems and engine installation before interiors.[33]

Fuselage subassemblies started shipping on February 7: aft fuselage panels from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, center and forward fuselage panels from Kawasaki Heavy Industries and the 11/45 center wingbox from Subaru. In March, fuselage assembly was to begin in Everett at a temporary production line between the current 747-8 and 777 assembly lines to avoid disrupting the 777-300ER production. The static airframe and the first flight-test aircraft bodies were to be joined in the second quarter of 2018 and in June–July, respectively.[33]

Scheduled for the start of 2018, the GE9X first flight has been delayed by the variable stator vane actuator arms redesign but the slip should not change the engine certification schedule or the first flight of the 777X. The flight-test engines were to be shipped later in 2018, before the year-end roll out and first flight expected in February 2019.[33] During the component development, two temporary engines were to be placed on the first flight-test aircraft. Wing assembly is difficult, with the light but strong carbon-fiber material being less forgiving than traditional aluminum, and aircraft systems integration in a special demonstration lab is not as quick as planned.[34]

The first 777-9 fuselage assembly started in March 2018.[35] In May 2018, Qatar Airways head Akbar Al Baker thought development was a couple of months late but expects Boeing to catch up, provided no certification issues arise.[36] To avoid disrupting current 777 assembly, a temporary low-rate assembly line was set up for up to 38 airframes before transitioning to the main FAL in the early 2020s. The first -9 roll-out is due in late 2018 and all four -9 prototypes are to join the flight tests by mid-2019, while the two -8 prototypes were to be assembled in 2020 before deliveries.[37]

The first wing was completed in May for static tests before the flight test wings.[38] By July 2018, 98% of its engineering had been released.[39] By September, the static test 777X article was completed, lacking engines and various systems, ahead of its structural testing on ground.[40] The first join on the static-test aircraft was done in 16 days instead of the planned 20 and lessons learned from the 787 wing-body join led to a single defect instead of the hundreds usual in new models.[41]

The final body join of the first flight test aircraft was completed by November, before an early 2019 rollout and a second quarter first flight. By late 2019, it should be joined in the flight program by the other four 777-9 prototypes which were undergoing assembly.[42] The first flight-test aircraft was built 20% faster than the static airframe.[43] At the end of November, the electric systems were powered on and the rollout was expected for February 2019. First deliveries are planned for May 2020 while the first production wing spar was going to be loaded in early December. To position wings and fuselage sections, automated guided vehicles are replacing overhead cranes and "monuments" - large, permanent tooling fixtures.[41] The primary systems were installed by December and its second GE9X engine were to be hung in early 2019.[44]

2019

edit

Engines were installed by early January 2019.[45] The first 777-9 body join happened in February for a delivery planned in summer 2020 to Lufthansa.[46] The roll-out of the prototype occurred on March 13, 2019, in a low-key employees-only event overshadowed by the crash of an Ethiopian Airlines 737 MAX 8 on March 10.[47]

The GE9X engines installed on the 777X prototype were first run on May 29. However, a compressor anomaly occurred with another engine during pre-delivery tests, and the maiden flight previously planned for no earlier than June 26 was delayed while the engines are modified to a final certifiable configuration.[48] As of 17 June 2019, GE expressed confidence that the engine would receive certification during the fall and that the first flight of the 777X would still occur in 2019.[49] The 777X test plan was later revised as several months are required to develop and test fixes to the GE9X, and first flight slipped to October–November.[50] By June, the first prototype began low-speed taxi tests.[51]

On July 24, Boeing announced that the GE9X engine issue would delay the maiden flight until 2020. The company continued to target first deliveries in 2020,[52] though it intends to boost production of current-generation 777 freighters in 2020.[53] GE Aviation in Ohio is recalling four GE9X turbofans from Boeing in Washington state in Antonov An-124 freighters from Volga-Dnepr Airlines, mounted in 26 x 14 x 13 ft (8 x 4 x 4 m), 36,000 lb (16.3 t) stands.[54]

On September 5, in the presence of FAA inspectors, a door blew off on the 777X static test airframe during the ultimate load test, which is conducted with the airplane stressed and pressurized beyond normal operating limits.[55][56] Depending on the outcome of its root cause investigation, Boeing should have time to modify the failed part and repeat the test during the margin from the existing engine-related delays.[57] At 99% of ultimate load, 1.48 times the limit load, the aluminum skin ruptured under the center fuselage, aft of the wing, and the damaged structure extended up the fuselage side to a passenger plug door which blew out − and not an outward-hinged cargo door.[58]

In October 2019, the JATR board created to review the Boeing 737 MAX certification noted that the FAA would need to assess more thoroughly how modifications interact with the aircraft. The FAA did not announce how its review and certification of the 777X may be affected. The 777X was already a year behind schedule as service introduction was targeted for 2022, a further delay due to the certification as a derivative could risk key orders.[59]

Boeing received the first flight compliant GE9X on October 18 with a second engine due by the end of the month, for a mid-November power up.[60] On November 13, the FAUB robotic system was abandoned after six years of implementation, to use human machinists more.[61] By mid-November, a pair of flight compliant engines were installed on the first 777-9.[62]

2020

edit

As part of an investigation by the FAA into the fatal crashes of the Boeing 737 MAX aircraft, emails were released that showed that a problematic supplier of parts for the 737 MAX flight simulators was still being used for 777X simulators, on an even more aggressive schedule.[63] Boeing stated that the 777X does not have an equivalent of the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS) that is installed on the 737 MAX and that played a role in two crashes.[64]

Testing

edit

The first test flight took place on January 25, 2020, at 10:09 a.m. from Paine Field in Everett, and ended in Boeing Field in Seattle after 3 hours and 52 minutes.[2] The second 777X first flew on April 30, by which point the first had explored the flight envelope for nearly 100 hours. After the first delivery was pushed back from 2021 to 2022, the third aircraft made its maiden flight on August 3; it is slated for avionics systems, APU, flight loads and propulsion performance tests.[3]

2021

edit

In January 2021, Boeing expected to add two more 777-9s to the test program, aiming for certification in 2021.[65] In early 2021, first delivery was pushed to late 2023.[66] The delay was due to updated type certification requirements and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation, costing a $6.5 billion charge.[67]

On June 27, 2021, The Seattle Times reported on an FAA letter to Boeing dated May 13 delaying type certification until mid to late 2023, pushing deliveries to 2024. The FAA cited a serious test flight incident involving an "uncommanded pitch event" and a lack of "design maturity".[68]

2022–2024

edit

In April 2022, after an "updated assessment of the time required to meet certification requirements", Boeing again delayed 777X deliveries, this time to 2025.[69] In November 2022, it was revealed that the GE9X engine on one of the four test 777-9s had suffered a technical issue on October 6. Boeing subsequently paused the test program while GE investigated the issue.[70][71]

In May 2024, launch customer Lufthansa was expecting its first deliveries in 2026.[72] As of September 2024, its estimate has been revised to an entry into service by early 2027.[73]

In August 2024, routine inspection following a test flight in Hawaii led to Boeing grounding its 777X test fleet. A structural link between the engine and wing was found to be damaged, while cracks were found in the same component on other aircraft in the fleet.[74]

On October 11, 2024, Boeing confirmed that the expected first delivery of the aircraft had slipped to 2026, following development challenges and workplace strikes at the company.[75] Emirates cast doubt on this forecast, noting that Boeing had no clear timeline for resuming certification flights.[76]

Design

edit

Wing

edit
 
Folding wingtip at the 2019 roll-out

The 777X has a longer composite wing with folding wingtips.[77] Due to this, the 777X is the first aircraft to have 'Wingtip Controls' inside the cockpit.[78] Based on the 787 wing but with less sweep, this wing has a higher lift-to-drag ratio, aspect ratio increased from 9:1 to 10:1, area increased from 4,702 to 5,562 sq ft (436.8 to 516.7 m2), and usable fuel capacity increased from 320,863 to 350,410 lb (145,541 to 158,943 kg).[41]

To stay within the size category of the current 777 with a less than 213 ft (65 m) wingspan, it features 11 feet (3.5 m) folding wingtips with the folding wingtip actuation system made by Liebherr Aerospace.[79] The mechanism was demonstrated for Aviation Week at the Boeing Everett Factory in October 2016; the folding movement should be complete in 20 seconds and be locked in place at the end.[80] Specific alerts and procedures are needed to handle a malfunction.[81]

As existing regulations do not cover the folding wingtips, the FAA issued special conditions, including proving their load-carrying limits, demonstrating their handling qualities in a crosswind when raised, alerting the crew when they are not correctly positioned while the mechanism and controls will be further inspected.[82] Those ten special conditions were to be published on May 18, 2018, covering worst-case scenarios.[83]

Transported by sea from Subaru in Nagoya to Everett, the center wing-box is similar in size to the legacy 777 but is more reinforced and heavier, with more titanium.[84]

Interior

edit

The internal cabin width is increased from the previous 777 models' 231 to 235 in (587 to 597 cm) through thinner interior cabin walls and better insulation to allow 18.0 in (46 cm) wide seats in 10-abreast economy.[85] The 777X will feature cabin design details requiring structural changes that were originally introduced on the Boeing 787 Dreamliner: larger windows, higher ceilings, more humidity and lowered cabin altitude to 6,000 ft (1,800 m).[86] Its flight deck is similar to the 787 cockpit with large displays and head-up displays, controls for the folding wingtips, and touchscreens replacing cursor control devices.[28] Windows are dimmable.

Efficiency

edit

For the longer 777-9, replacing the engines should improve fuel consumption by 10%, with the longer, carbon-fiber wings adding an estimated 7% improvement. As 4 to 5% of fuel savings is lost from the 12 tons heavier basic structure of the larger airliner, the net fuel efficiency gain is projected to be 12 to 13%. Ten-abreast seating instead of nine with a longer fuselage enable a reduction in fuel burn per seat of 20% compared to the 365-seat 777-300ER. The longer-range, 355-seat 777-8 should have a 13% improvement in fuel consumption with 10 fewer seats than the -300ER.[87] Boeing forecast a 33% better cost per seat than the 747-400 and 13% better than the 777-300ER.[88]

Its maximum takeoff weight is targeted for 775,000 lb (351.5 t) like the 777-300ER but Boeing hopes to have at least a 10,000 lb (4.5 t) margin at introduction.[89] Boeing predicts the -8 to be 4% more fuel efficient and cost effective than the A350-1000, while the -9 would be 12% more fuel efficient and 11% more cost effective.[90] Lufthansa, when it ordered both, stated the Airbus A350-900 and the 777-9X will consume an average of 2.9 L/100 km per passenger.[91]

Variants

edit

777-8

edit

The 777-8 is a shortened derivative of the 777-9, initially specified as 229 ft (69.8 m) long,[77] between the 209 ft 1 in (63.7 m) 777-200 and 242 ft 4 in (73.9 m) 777-300. It would seat typically 395 passengers with a range of 8,745 nmi (16,170 km; 10,050 mi).[1] It would succeed the ultra-long-range 777-200LR[92] and compete with the Airbus A350-1000.[93]

Production of the -8 was expected to follow the -9 around two years later.[23] It was expected to be the basis of a freighter version which would be available 18 to 24 months after the introduction of the -8.[77] The 777-8 should feature a 13,000 lb (5.9 t) higher MTOW over the 775,000 lb (352 t) of the 777-9, for an improved range from 8,690 to 9,460 nmi (16,090 to 17,520 km).[94]

Due to the Boeing 737 MAX groundings and the delayed first flight of the 777-9, in 2019 Boeing pushed back design and development of the 777-8 until at least 2021, for first deliveries expected in 2023 or beyond. The delays were not expected to affect Boeing's participation in Qantas' Project Sunrise, for which it has proposed a 777-8 variant.[95] Boeing also proposed an interim solution to Qantas, assumed to comprise a 777-9 with auxiliary fuel tanks and reduced seating capacity.[citation needed] However, Qantas subsequently preferred the Airbus A350-1000 for this project.[96] The -8 would also fill the niche market for an aircraft capable of flying with a full payload from hubs in the Gulf states to the West Coast of the United States. It could, however, be cancelled if customers find the -9 acceptable for these routes.[97]

In August 2023, Boeing announced an increase in the length of the passenger -8 to 232 ft 6 in (70.87 m), the same as the freighter version.[98]

777-8F

edit

In June 2019, Qatar Airways urged Boeing to develop a 777X-based freighter to replace its existing 777Fs which were first delivered in 2009. Boeing confirmed that discussions were under way to define a timeline for a freighter variant,[99] expected to be based on the 777-8 airframe.[97] In July 2021, Boeing CEO David Calhoun viewed a freighter version as a logical next aircraft program to comply with emerging ICAO aircraft emission standards.[100] On January 31, 2022, Boeing officially launched the 777-8 Freighter, with an order from Qatar Airways for 34 aircraft and 16 options, with deliveries expected to begin in 2027.[101]

777-9

edit
 
The 777-9 should typically seat 426 passengers

The 777-9 is stretched by three extra seat rows and flies 250 nmi (460 km; 290 mi) farther than the 777-300ER with the same weight.[44] It is 9.4 ft (2.9 m) longer than the -300ER for a 251 ft 9 in (76.7 m) length.[77] It will seat typically 426 passengers over a range of 7,285 nmi (13,500 km; 8,383 mi).[1] Boeing froze its design in August 2015 and was to start first assembly in 2017.[23] Its operating empty weight grew from the 777-300ER's 373,500 to 400,000 lb (169,400 to 181,400 kg), just over, for the -9 target.[89] Listed at $442 million, valuation specialist Avitas estimates the -9 real purchase price at around $200 million.[44]

In 2014, Aspire Aviation estimated its manufacturer empty weight at 362,000 and 415,000 lb (164,000 and 188,000 kg) for its operating empty weight with 300 seats in four classes.[102] In 2017, crowd-sourced stock advising website Seeking Alpha estimated a 370,000 lb (167,829 kg) manufacturer empty weight and a 407,000 lb (184,600 kg) operating empty weight.[103] The first flight of the 777-9 was on Saturday, January 25, 2020.[1] The 777-9 is to supersede the 250 ft 2 in (76.25 m) Boeing 747-8 as the longest airliner.

777-10X

edit

Boeing has proposed stretching the -9 by four rows of seats to accommodate 450 passengers in a 777-10X variant to compete with the Airbus A380 and a potential stretch of the A350. The company has approached several airlines including Emirates, the largest operator of both the 777 and the A380.[104] The A380 seats between 489 and 615 passengers. The potential 263 feet (80 m) long 777-10X (12 ft or 3.7 m more) could compete against a hypothetical stretch of the A350-1000.[105] Boeing confirmed that the 777 stretch is feasible if there is interest.[106]

BBJ 777X

edit

On December 10, 2018, Boeing launched Boeing Business Jet variants at the Middle East Business Aviation Association Show. The BBJ 777-8 offers a range of 11,645 nautical miles (21,570 km) and a 3,256 sq ft (302.5 sq m) cabin, while the BBJ 777-9 provides a 3,689 sq ft (342.7 sq m) cabin and a range of 11,000 nautical miles (20,370 km).[107]

Orders

edit

Order summary

edit
See also: List of Boeing 777X orders and deliveries

Order history

edit

On September 19, 2013, Lufthansa became the first airline to select the 777X when it placed an order for 34 777-9 airliners, but the order was later changed to 20 firm orders and 14 options.[108] This was followed in May 2022 with an announcement for an order of seven 777-8 Freighters destined for Lufthansa Cargo operations.[109]

In December 2013, Hong Kong-based Cathay Pacific ordered 21 777-9 airliners with deliveries expected from 2021,[110] but they will now not join Cathay's fleet before 2025.[111]

In July 2014, Emirates, the launch customer, finalized its order for 150 777X aircraft, consisting of 115 777-9s and 35 777-8s.[112] On July 16, Qatar Airways finalized its order for 50 777-9 aircraft, with purchase rights for 50 more 777-9s.[113] On July 31, Japan's All Nippon Airways finalized an order for 20 Boeing 777-9s.[114]

In December 2016, Iran Air signed an agreement with Boeing that included 15 777-9 aircraft,[115] but this agreement was effectively cancelled when the United States withdrew from the Iran Nuclear Deal in May 2018.[116]

In February 2017, Singapore Airlines signed a letter of intent with Boeing for 20 777-9 and 19 787-10 airliners; this was firmed in June 2017.[117] In June 2017, the three Persian Gulf carriers (Emirates, Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways) held 235 orders, 69% of the 340 commitments, which were less financially secure than previously. Etihad's widespread investing strategy had backfired as it reduced feed sources, making it harder to fill the orders for the 777X. Emirates' demand had been slowing and it was considering deferral of deliveries, having the smallest sovereign wealth fund backing of the Gulf carriers. Qatar Airways was facing economic concerns and was suffering from a diplomatic crisis with its neighbors.[118]

After a nearly $2 billion loss in 2016, Etihad had to cut routes and shrink its fleet and thus is considering canceling or deferring its orders, preferring to incur cancellations penalties rather than recurring losses from overcapacity. On February 14, 2019, it was reported that Etihad would take only 6 of the 25 777X airliners it had originally ordered.[119]

On February 28, 2019, British Airways parent International Airlines Group ordered up to 42 777-9, 18 firm and 24 options, valued at up to $18.6 billion (~$21.9 billion in 2023), to replace its 747-400s.[120]

On November 7, Lufthansa stated it had converted 14 orders into options, leaving 6 firm commitments, after having negotiated a change as part of its order for 20 787s.[121]

On November 20, Emirates reduced its order total to 115 in exchange for ordering 30 Boeing 787-9s, while remaining the largest 777X customer.[122][123]

In January 2021, Boeing reduced its sales expectation for the program from 400 to 350 aircraft.[124] Boeing reclassified 118 orders from firm to uncertain under the ASC 606 accounting rule, for 191 orders down from 309 previously.[125][126] On February 9, Singapore Airlines announced that they had converted an order for 14 Boeing 787-10 Dreamliners into 11 Boeing 777-9s; bringing its order for the 777-9 to 31.[citation needed]

On January 31, 2022, Qatar Airways became the launch customer for the 777X Freighter program, with an order of up to 50 777-8 Freighters, expanding its commitment to the Boeing 777X family.[101] In March 2022, Ethiopian Airlines signed a memorandum of understanding for five 777-8Fs.[127]

On February 11, 2023, Air India signed a letter of intent (LOI) to buy 10 Boeing 777-9s as part of a combined 470 aircraft order from both Airbus and Boeing.[128][129][130] The airline confirmed the order at the Paris Air Show on June 20, 2023, which included 10 777Xs, 20 787 Dreamliners and 190 737 MAX jets with options for further 50 737 MAXs and 20 787 Dreamliners. It was Boeing's largest single order in South Asia and highlighted its 90-year partnership with Air India.[131]

On November 13, 2023, at the first day of the 2023 Dubai Airshow Emirates ordered an additional 90 777Xs, including 55 of the 777-9 and 35 of the 777-8, bringing the airline's total order to 205 777Xs.[citation needed] On March 5, 2024, Ethiopian Airlines announced an agreement with Boeing for eight 777-9s with options for 12 more.[132]

Specifications

edit
Boeing 777-8, -9, -8F
Model 777-8[77] 777-9[133] 777-8F[134]
Cockpit crew Two
Main deck, 2-class seats 395[135] 414-426 (42J + 372-384Y) 31 pallets (96" x 125")
Main deck, 3-class seats 349-357 (8F + 49J + 292-300Y)
Lower deck ULD 40 LD3[136] 48 LD-3: 26 fwd + 22 aft 13 pallets (96" x 125")
Cargo capacity 8,131 cu ft (230.2 m3) 27,056 cu ft (766.1 m3)
Length 232 ft 6 in (70.87 m)[98] 251 ft 9 in (76.73 m) 232 ft 6 in (70.87 m)
Wingspan 235 ft 5 in (71.75 m), 212 ft 9 in (64.85 m) folded
Wing 5,562 sq ft (516.7 m2),[41] 9.96 aspect ratio
Height 63 ft 11 in (19.48 m) 64 ft 7 in (19.68 m) 64 ft (19.51 m)
Width 20 ft 4 in (6.20 m) fuselage[a], 19 ft 7 in (5.96 m) interior[102]
MTOW 775,000 lb (351.5 t) 805,000 lb (365.1 t)[137]
Max. Payload 162,000 lb (73.5 t) 247,500 lb (112.3 t)
OEW 400,000 lb (180 t)[89]
Fuel capacity 52,136 US gal (197,360 L; 43,412 imp gal)
Engine (×2) General Electric GE9X-105B1A
Thrust (×2) 110,000 lbf (489 kN)[138]
Range[1] 8,745 nmi (16,190 km; 10,050 mi) 7,285 nmi (13,500 km; 8,383 mi) 4,410 nmi (8,170 km; 5,070 mi)
ICAO designation[139] B778 B779

See also

edit

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Notes

edit
  1. ^ same as Boeing 777

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c d e "New Boeing 777X Completes Successful First Flight" (Press release). Boeing. January 25, 2020. Archived from the original on January 26, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
  2. ^ a b Gates, Dominic (January 25, 2020). "Boeing's massive 777X takes off on first flight". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  3. ^ a b Wolfsteller, Pilar (August 4, 2020). "Boeing's third 777X aircraft begins flight testing". Archived from the original on January 25, 2021.
  4. ^ "Boeing: Commercial". June 2024. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d "A special look at the future prospects of the Boeing 777". Flight International. Archived from the original on March 18, 2012. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
  6. ^ a b Guy Norris (May 1, 2013). "Boeing Board Gives Approval To Offer 777X". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Archived from the original on October 24, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
  7. ^ "GE Fans Out on Testing of New GE9X Fan Blades" (Press release). GE Aviation. August 21, 2013. Archived from the original on October 24, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
  8. ^ "Boeing's widebody dominance hinges on 777X success". Aspire Aviation. October 24, 2013. Archived from the original on April 29, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
  9. ^ Robert Wall, Jon Ostrower and Rory Jones (July 15, 2014). "Aircraft Makers Narrow Engine Options". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on October 23, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
  10. ^ Dominic Gates (August 22, 2012). "Boeing slows the pace on 777X". Seattle Times. Archived from the original on February 16, 2015. Retrieved November 20, 2013.
  11. ^ "Boeing spreads 777X design work to Charleston, Moscow, defence sites". Flight Global. October 30, 2013. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2013.
  12. ^ Tim Hepher (November 4, 2013). "Boeing seen in advanced talks to make 777X near Seattle". Reuters. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  13. ^ Michael Gubisch (September 19, 2013). "Split Lufthansa widebody order includes firm 777X". Flight Global. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2013.
  14. ^ "Boeing Launches 777X with Record-Breaking Orders and Commitments" (Press release). Boeing. November 17, 2013. Archived from the original on February 13, 2014. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
  15. ^ David Kaminski-Morrow (November 8, 2015). "DUBAI: Boeing drops 'X' from stretched 777 designation". Flight Global. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
  16. ^ Weiss, Richard and Julie Johnsson (June 2, 2017). "Lufthansa Weighs Slowing Deliveries of 777X in Boeing Blow". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on February 13, 2018. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  17. ^ Shweta Jain (October 4, 2017). "Emirates will be first airline to receive 777X, says Boeing". Gulf News Aviation. Archived from the original on February 14, 2018. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  18. ^ "Boeing Building New Plant for Composite Materials". American Machinist. December 17, 2014. Archived from the original on October 23, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
  19. ^ Dominic Gates (May 8, 2015). "Boeing will close 787 surge line to make way for producing 777X". Seattle Times. Archived from the original on May 22, 2015. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
  20. ^ Boyle, Alan (May 20, 2016). "Boeing opens its giant, billion-dollar 777X composite wing factory in Everett". GeekWire. Archived from the original on December 28, 2017. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  21. ^ "Massive, speedy robots ready to build composite wings for Boeing 777X". The Seattle Times. February 5, 2016. Archived from the original on December 28, 2017. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  22. ^ David Flynn (May 9, 2015). "First Boeing 777X tipped for 2018". Australian Business Traveller. Archived from the original on November 19, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
  23. ^ a b c Dominic Perry (March 11, 2016). "Boeing advances 777X service entry: sources". Flight Global. Archived from the original on October 5, 2016. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
  24. ^ Jon Ostrower (February 13, 2014). "Boeing plans new tactics to sell 777". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
  25. ^ "Civil Aviation Programs To Watch". Aviation Week & Space Technology. June 9, 2017. Archived from the original on May 27, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
  26. ^ Craig Hoyle (October 3, 2017). "777X's first test wing enters final assembly". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  27. ^ Stephen Trimble (October 23, 2017). "Boeing ceremonially kicks off 777-9 assembly". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on October 24, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
  28. ^ a b Stephen Trimble (November 12, 2017). "Boeing achieves 90% drawing milestone on 777-9". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on November 13, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
  29. ^ Ian Goold (November 8, 2017). "Boeing Forges Ahead with Flight-test Campaigns". AIN. Archived from the original on November 13, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
  30. ^ Scott Hamilton (January 8, 2018). "Pontifications: 2018 is a year of Transformations". Leeham. Archived from the original on July 28, 2018. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  31. ^ "Subaru Corporation Completes First Boeing 777X Center Wing Section". Subaru Corporation. February 9, 2018. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  32. ^ Greg Waldron (February 12, 2018). "Subaru completes first 777X centre wing box". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
  33. ^ a b c Guy Norris (February 26, 2018). "Boeing Poised To Begin 777X Assembly". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Archived from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
  34. ^ Tim Hepher (March 16, 2018). "Boeing moves to keep 777X on track after engine snag". Reuters. Archived from the original on March 17, 2018. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
  35. ^ Stephen Trimble (March 23, 2018). "Boeing starts fuselage assembly for first 777-9". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
  36. ^ Sarah Young (May 2, 2018). "Qatar Airways CEO says 777X behind schedule but sees Boeing catching up". Reuters. Archived from the original on May 4, 2018. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
  37. ^ Guy Norris (May 17, 2018). "777X Wing Assembly Ramps Up On Automated Horizontal Build Line". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  38. ^ @BoeingAirplanes (May 25, 2018). "[...] the first #777X wing structure is complete [and] will be used in static testing. The first wings for flight test airplanes will soon follow" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  39. ^ Gregory Polek (July 12, 2018). "Boeing Seeing Steady Progress with 777X". AIN online. Archived from the original on July 15, 2018. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
  40. ^ Jon Hemmerdinger (September 5, 2018). "Boeing reveals first assembled 777X ahead of static tests". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on September 6, 2018. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
  41. ^ a b c d Guy Norris (December 3, 2018). "'Power On' Marks Key Milestone For First 777-9 On Path To First Flight". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Archived from the original on May 27, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
  42. ^ Guy Norris (November 20, 2018). "Boeing Completes Final Body Join For First 777-9". Aviation Week Network.[permanent dead link]
  43. ^ Guy Norris (December 5, 2018). "In Pictures: First Boeing 777-9 In Final Assembly". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Archived from the original on December 8, 2018. Retrieved December 5, 2018.
  44. ^ a b c Dominic Gates (December 27, 2018). "The big jet behind Everett's big doors: Boeing readies first 777X to fly". Seattle Times. Archived from the original on December 27, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  45. ^ Dominic Gates (January 4, 2019). "The biggest jet engines ever seen are set to roar on Boeing's 777X". Seattle Times. Archived from the original on January 4, 2019. Retrieved January 4, 2019.
  46. ^ Max Kingsley Jones (February 19, 2019). "First 777-9 for Lufthansa comes together in Everett". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
  47. ^ Norris, Guy (March 14, 2019). "Boeing Unveils 777-9 In Low-Key Event". aviationweek.com. Archived from the original on November 17, 2019. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
  48. ^ "GE9X Engine Anomaly Likely To Delay Boeing 777X First Flight". Aviation Week Network. June 6, 2019. Archived from the original on May 27, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2019.
  49. ^ Gubisch, Michael (June 17, 2019). "GE redesigns GE9X compressor part for 777X engine". Flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on June 17, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
  50. ^ Guy Norris (June 17, 2019). "Boeing 777X First Flight Delayed 'Several' Months". Aviation Week Network. Archived from the original on May 27, 2021. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
  51. ^ @BoeingAirplanes (June 21, 2019). "Our first #777X flight test airplane made its runway debut! [...]" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  52. ^ Hemmerdinger, Jon (July 24, 2019). "GE9X engine issue pushes 777X first flight to 2020". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on May 31, 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  53. ^ Norris, Guy (July 24, 2019). "Boeing Plans 777F Production Boost To Offset 777X Delays". aviationweek.com. Archived from the original on May 27, 2021. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  54. ^ Jon Hemmerdinger (August 20, 2019). "GE recalls 777X turbofans to address compressor issue amid scramble to minimise 777X delays". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on August 21, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
  55. ^ Gates, Dominic (September 6, 2019). "Door blows out during ground test on Boeing 777X jet". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  56. ^ Harger, Charlie (September 6, 2019). "Door blows off Boeing 777X during stress test". Komo News. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  57. ^ Norris, Guy (September 7, 2019). "Boeing suspends 777X loads tests after pressure failure". aviationweek.com. Archived from the original on May 27, 2021. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
  58. ^ Dominic Gates (November 27, 2019). "Boeing 777X's fuselage split dramatically during September stress test". Seattle Times. Archived from the original on November 28, 2019. Retrieved November 28, 2019.
  59. ^ "Certification process for 777X is another hurdle for Boeing". Leeham News and Analysis. January 16, 2020. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  60. ^ Guy Norris (October 22, 2019). "GE Aviation Delivers Compliant GE9X Engine To Boeing For 777X". Aviation Week Network. Archived from the original on May 27, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
  61. ^ Dominic Gates (November 13, 2019). "Boeing abandons its failed fuselage robots on the 777X, handing the job back to machinists". Seattle Times. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020.
  62. ^ Guy Norris (November 15, 2019). "Boeing Targets 777X Test Restart As GE Reveals GE9X Upgrade Details". Aviation Week Network. Archived from the original on May 27, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2019.
  63. ^ Tovey, Alan (January 18, 2020). "Staff emails claim Boeing 777X 'shares Max problem'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 20, 2020.
  64. ^ Hemmerdinger, Jon (February 6, 2020). "Boeing reveals details of 777X flight-test plan". Flight Global. Archived from the original on February 15, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  65. ^ "Second Boeing 777X Completes First Flight" (Press release). Boeing. April 30, 2020. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  66. ^ "Boeing CEO Updates Employees on Fourth-Quarter Results" (Press release). Boeing. January 27, 2021. Archived from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  67. ^ Hemmerdinger, Jon (January 27, 2021). "Boeing delays first 777-9 delivery to 2023, takes $6.5bn charge". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on January 27, 2021.
  68. ^ Gates, Dominic (June 27, 2021). "Citing a serious flight test incident and lack of design maturity, FAA slows Boeing 777X certification". The Seattle Times. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
  69. ^ Gates, Dominic (June 27, 2021). "Boeing 777x delayed to 2025". AirwaysMag. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
  70. ^ Meier, Ricardo (November 30, 2022). "Boeing acknowledges 777X engine problem after grounding flights two months ago". Air Data News. Retrieved December 1, 2022.
  71. ^ "Emirates' Clark: No A380 or B747 will lead to rising fares". www.aerotime.aero. November 29, 2022. Retrieved December 1, 2022.
  72. ^ Jens Flottau, Guy Norris (May 2, 2024). "Lufthansa Sees First 777-9 Delivery Slipping Into 2026". Aviation Week. Retrieved May 24, 2024.
  73. ^ "Lufthansa richtet sich auf erneute Boeing-777X-Verspätung ein" (Lufthansa prepares for another Boeing 777X delay). airliners.de (German), 26 September 2024.
  74. ^ "Boeing discovers engine part defect and grounds its 777X test airplanes". seattletimes.com. August 19, 2024. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
  75. ^ Sharwood, Simon (October 14, 2024). "Boeing again delays the 777X – the plane that's supposed to turn things around". The Register.
  76. ^ Hemmerdinger, Jon (October 15, 2024). "Emirates' CEO questions Boeing's new 777-9 timeline". Flight Global.
  77. ^ a b c d e "777X Airport Compatibility Brochure" (PDF). Boeing. May 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
  78. ^ "777X Flight Deck And Wing Fold Controls Unveiled". Aviation Week Network (aviationweek.com). Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  79. ^ "Liebherr division to build 777X folding wing-tip systems". Flight Global. April 30, 2015. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
  80. ^ "Watch: Boeing 777X Folding Wingtip". Aviation Week. October 31, 2016. Archived from the original on December 25, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
  81. ^ Stephen Trimble (March 15, 2018). "Boeing publishes plan for "non-normal" 777X wingtip ops". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  82. ^ Guy Norris (November 15, 2017). "FAA Proposes Special Conditions For 777X Folding Wingtips". Aviation Week Network. Archived from the original on November 17, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  83. ^ Stephen Trimble (May 17, 2018). "FAA sets certification rules for 777X wingtip". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on May 27, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  84. ^ Greg Waldron (December 5, 2018). "Subaru gears up for 777X with eye on efficiency, cost". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018. Retrieved December 5, 2018.
  85. ^ Marisa Garcia (July 23, 2014). "Boeing's New 777X Designs Intensify the Race for Space on Airlines". Skift. Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. Retrieved August 8, 2014.
  86. ^ Stephen Shankland (July 15, 2014). "Boeing's 777X plans: Big windows, lots of air, and robot manufacturing—CNET". Cnet. Archived from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
  87. ^ Guy Norris and Joe Anselmo (October 31, 2016). "777X Production Investments Bolster Boeing". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Archived from the original on December 6, 2016. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
  88. ^ Jon Ostrower (January 28, 2020). "Boeing needs 777X for far more than just fighting Airbus". The Air Current. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  89. ^ a b c Guy Norris and Jens Flottau (November 8, 2016). "Airbus, Boeing Deciding Larger A350, 777X Versions". Aviation week. Archived from the original on November 10, 2016. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
  90. ^ "777X Technical Specs". Boeing. Archived from the original on September 11, 2017. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
  91. ^ "Modern, Quiet and Environmentally Efficient: Lufthansa Group Orders 59 Ultra-Modern Wide-Body Boeing 777-9X and Airbus A350-900 Aircraft" (PDF) (Press release). Lufthansa. September 19, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 23, 2017.
  92. ^ "Boeing reveals ultra-long-range 777-8X". FlightGlobal. June 14, 2013. Archived from the original on October 2, 2016. Retrieved September 20, 2016.
  93. ^ "Boeing To Make Up Lost Grounds On All Fronts". Aspire Aviation. May 27, 2013. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2013.
  94. ^ Jon Ostrower (May 30, 2019). "Boeing chases range frontier on 787 and 777X to win Air New Zealand, Qantas deals". The air current. Archived from the original on June 11, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
  95. ^ Guy Norris and Adrian Schofield (August 15, 2019). "Boeing Delays Development Of Longer-Range 777X Variant". Aviation Week Network. Archived from the original on May 27, 2021. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  96. ^ "Qantas Update on Project Sunrise". Qantas News Room (Press release). December 13, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2022.
  97. ^ a b Kingsley-Jones, Max (September 9, 2019). "ANALYSIS: How shelving of 777-8 could prompt Boeing rethink". Flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  98. ^ a b Perry, Dominic (August 8, 2023). "Boeing stretches 777-8 passenger jet to match freighter's fuselage". Flight Global.
  99. ^ Hemmerdinger, Jon (June 19, 2019). "Qatar offers to be launch customer for a 777X freighter". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
  100. ^ Jon Hemmerdinger (July 28, 2021). "Boeing needs new emissions-compliant freighter, 777X variant is 'logical' choice: CEO". Flightglobal.
  101. ^ a b "Boeing Launches 777-8 Freighter to Serve Growing Demand for Cargo, Enhanced Environmental Performance". Boeing. January 31, 2022. Archived from the original on January 31, 2022.
  102. ^ a b Daniel Tsang (July 2014). "Airbus, Boeing in game of thrones for widebody dominance" (PDF). Aspire Aviation. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 23, 2017. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
  103. ^ Dhierin Bechai (May 9, 2017). "Boeing 777X: Every Kilogram Matters". Seeking Alpha. Archived from the original on May 9, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
  104. ^ "Boeing Mulls Stretching 777 to Knock Out Airbus A380". Bloomberg. June 30, 2016. Archived from the original on April 7, 2017. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
  105. ^ Jon Ostrower (November 7, 2016). "Singapore Airlines shops for world's longest jet". CNN Money. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  106. ^ Stephen Trimble (July 10, 2016). "Boeing confirms technical feasibility of '777-10'". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  107. ^ "Boeing Launches Longest-Range Business Jet Ever with BBJ 777X" (Press release). Boeing. December 10, 2018. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
  108. ^ "Lufthansa Switches Boeing 777 Orders to Options in Fleet Rethink". Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg News. November 8, 2019. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  109. ^ Wert, Jakob (May 9, 2022). "Lufthansa orders Boeing 777X freighters, additional 787 and 777F". International Flight Network. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
  110. ^ "Cathay Pacific places order for 21 Boeing 777-9X aircraft" (Press release). Cathay Pacific. December 20, 2013. Archived from the original on October 24, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
  111. ^ "Cathay Pacific still expects its first 777-9s in 2025". March 18, 2024. Retrieved May 20, 2024.
  112. ^ Kaminski-Morrow, David (July 9, 2014). "Emirates finalises order for 150 777X jets". Flight Global. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  113. ^ "Boeing, Qatar Airways Finalize Order for 50 777Xs" (Press release). Boeing. July 16, 2014. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2014.
  114. ^ "All Nippon Airways Finalize Order for 40 Widebody Airplanes" (Press release). Boeing. July 31, 2014. Archived from the original on November 29, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2014.
  115. ^ "Boeing, Iran Air Announce Agreement for 80 Airplanes" (Press release). Boeing. December 11, 2016. Archived from the original on January 12, 2017. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  116. ^ Field, James (May 9, 2018). "U.S Officially Withdraws From Iran Nuclear Deal – $38 billion of Orders Canceled". Airways International. Archived from the original on June 23, 2018.
  117. ^ "Boeing update indicates firming of SIA deal for 777Xs and 787-10s". Flight Global. June 27, 2017. Archived from the original on June 27, 2017. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
  118. ^ Bhaskara, Vinay; Sloan, Chris (June 8, 2017). "Boeing 777X Program Perched Precariously Despite Strong Execution". Airways Magazine. Archived from the original on November 2, 2017.
  119. ^ "Etihad restructures aircraft orders after conclusion of talks with Airbus and Boeing". The National (Abu Dhabi). February 14, 2019. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  120. ^ "Boeing Signs Deal for Up to 42 777X Airplanes with International Airlines Group" (Press release). Boeing. February 28, 2019. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  121. ^ Massy-Beresford, Helen; Flottau, Jens (November 11, 2019). "Will Europe's Legacy Carriers' Plans Help Weather Economic Downturn?". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Archived from the original on May 27, 2021.
  122. ^ Slotnick, David. "Boeing's Dreamliner deal with Emirates has a major downside for the plane maker". Business Insider. Archived from the original on November 21, 2019. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
  123. ^ "Emirates Cuts Boeing 777X Order Amid Delays, Firms Up 787 Buy". Forbes. November 20, 2019. Archived from the original on November 21, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  124. ^ Hemmerdinger, Jon (January 27, 2021). "Boeing trims 777X production quantity expectation by 50 jets". FlightGlobal. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021.
  125. ^ Hamilton, Scott; Valery, Vincent (February 1, 2021). "Exclusive: Boeing shifts 118 777 orders to "iffy" under accounting rule; 191 firm orders remain". Leeham News. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021.
  126. ^ "Boeing says 118 orders for 777X no longer firm under accounting rules". Reuters. February 2, 2021. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
  127. ^ "Boeing and Ethiopian Airlines Sign Memorandum of Understanding for New 777-8 Freighter". MediaRoom.
  128. ^ Shah, Aditi; Hepher, Tim (February 11, 2023). "Air India seals record order for about 500 jets from Airbus, Boeing". Reuters. Retrieved February 11, 2023.
  129. ^ "Air India Confirms Orders for 470 Airbus and Boeing Aircraft". Aviation Week.
  130. ^ "Air India Selects Up to 290 Boeing Jets to Serve Its Strategy for Sustainable Growth". Boeing (Press release). February 14, 2023.
  131. ^ "Air India Finalizes Order for Up to 290 Boeing Single-Aisle and Widebody Jets". Boeing (Press release). June 20, 2023.
  132. ^ Hemmerdinger, Jon. "Ethiopian commits to purchase eight Boeing 777-9s". Flight Global, March 5, 2024. Quote: "Boeing and Ethiopian Airlines announced today an agreement... to purchase eight 777-9 passenger airplanes..."
  133. ^ "777-9 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning" (PDF). Boeing. June 2022.
  134. ^ "777-8 Freighter". Boeing.
  135. ^ "777X".
  136. ^ Bjorn Fehrm (July 23, 2015). "Options for Singapore Airlines to operate direct flights to the US, part 2". Leeham.
  137. ^ "777-8F Airport Compatibility Brochure" (PDF). Boeing. September 2022.
  138. ^ "FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet E00095EN" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  139. ^ "Document 8643". ICAO. September 13, 2019. Archived from the original on June 7, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2019.

Further reading

edit
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boeing 777X.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boeing_777X&oldid=1254035646#777-9"