Events in 1898 in animation.
Events
edit- November: The German toy manufacturer Gebrüder Bing introduced their toy "kinematograph",[1] at a toy convention in Leipzig . In late 1898 and early 1899, other toy manufacturers in Germany and France, including Ernst Plank, Georges Carette, and Lapierre, started selling similar devices. The toy cinematographs were basically traditional toy magic lanterns, adapted with one or two small spools that used standard "Edison perforation" 35mm film, a crank, and a shutter. These projectors were intended for the same type of "home entertainment" toy market that most of the manufacturers already provided with praxinoscopes and magic lanterns. Apart from relatively expensive live-action films, the manufacturers produced many cheaper films by printing lithographed drawings. These animations were probably made in black-and-white from around 1898 or 1899. The pictures were often traced from live-action films (much like the later rotoscoping technique). These very short films typically depicted a simple repetitive action and most were designed to be projected as a loop - playing endlessly with the film ends put together. The lithograph process and the loop format follow the tradition that was set by the stroboscopic disc, zoetrope and praxinoscope.[2][3]
- Specific date unknown: The Motograph Moving Picture Book was published in London at the start of 1898 by Bliss, Sands & Co.[4] It came with a "transparency" with black stripes to add the illusion of motion to the pictures in the book (13 in the original black and white edition and 23 in the later color edition). The illustrations were credited to "F.J. Vernay, Yorick, &c.".[5] The book is an early form of stereography. [6]
Births
editJanuary
edit- January 2: Dick Huemer, American animator, comic strip artist, and illustrator (redesigned and developed Koko the Clown, created Fitz (Ko-Ko's canine companion), created Scrappy, storyboard artist for Dumbo), (d. 1979).[7][8]
- January 20: Tudor Owen, Welsh actor (voice of Towser in 101 Dalmatians), (d. 1979).[9]
February
edit- February 2: Billy Costello, American actor (original voice of Popeye), (d. 1971).[10]
May
edit- May 1: Hazel Sewell, American animator, head of the ink and paint department at Walt Disney Animation Studios (Plane Crazy, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs), (d. 1975).[11][12][13]
- May 11: Sam Slyfield, American sound engineer, (Walt Disney Animation Studios), (d. 1974).[14][15][16][17]
June
edit- June 7: Earl Duvall, American animator, writer, lay-out artist, director and comics artist (Walt Disney Company, Warner Bros. Cartoons, Ub Iwerks, directed Honeymoon Hotel), (d. 1950).[18][19][20]
- June 18: Dink Trout, American actor, voice artist and radio personality (voice of the title character in Bootle Beetle, Old Bootle Beetle and Balsam in Morris the Midget Moose, the King of Hearts in Alice in Wonderland), (d. 1950).[21][22]
- June 28: Nat Falk, American illustrator and cartoonist (How to Make Animated Cartoons), (d. 1989).[23]
July
edit- July 4: Johnny Lee, American singer, dancer and actor (voice of Br'er Rabbit in Song of the South), (d. 1965).[24]
- July 24: Bernard B. Brown, American film composer and sound engineer (composer for Warner Bros. Cartoons, head of the sound department at Universal Studios), (d. 1981).[25]
- July 31: Ken Harris, American animator (Warner Bros. Cartoons, Walt Disney Productions, United Productions of America, DePatie-Freleng Enterprises, Hanna-Barbera), (d. 1982).[26][27][28][29][30]
August
edit- August 15: Charles Tobias, American songwriter (co-wrote the Merrie Melodies theme "Merrily We Roll Along"), (d. 1970).[31]
- August 30: Shirley Booth, American actress (voice of Mrs. Claus in The Year Without a Santa Claus), (d. 1992).[32][33][34]
October
edit- October 5: Kenzō Masaoka, Japanese animator and director (the first animator to use cel animation and recorded sound in anime, Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka, Benkei tai Ushiwaka, Kumo to Tulip, co-founder of Toei Animation), (d. 1988).[35][36]
- October 28: Rollin Hamilton, American animator (Walt Disney Company, Warner Bros. Cartoons), (d. 1951).[37]
November
edit- November 4: Joe Dougherty, American actor (original voice of Porky Pig), (d. 1978).[38]
December
edit- December 1: Cyril Ritchard, Australian actor (voice of The Sandman in The Daydreamer, Emperor Klockenlocher in The Enchanted World of Danny Kaye: The Emperor's New Clothes, The Frog in Tubby the Tuba, Father Thomas in The First Christmas: The Story of the First Christmas Snow, Elrond in The Hobbit), (d. 1977).[39]
- December 14: Lillian Randolph, American actress and singer, (voice of Mammy Two Shoes in Tom and Jerry), (d. 1980).[40][41][42][43][44][45]
References
edit- ^ "Bing". www.zinnfiguren-bleifiguren.com (in German).
- ^ Litten, Frederick S. Animated Film in Japan until 1919. Western Animation and the Beginnings of Anime.
- ^ Litten, Frederick S. (17 June 2014). Japanese color animation from ca. 1907 to 1945 (PDF).
- ^ "The Motograph Moving Picture-Book. (Symons's Patent.) (Bliss, Sands, and Co.)—This » 1 Jan 1898 » The Spectator Archive". The Spectator Archive.
- ^ "Book Details". www.abebooks.com.
- ^ Hopwood, Henry V. (August 21, 1899). "Living pictures; their history, photoproduction and practical working. With a digest of British patents and annotated bibliography". London Optician & Photographic Trades Review – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Dogs". Fleischer Studios. Retrieved 2022-07-26.
- ^ Disney Legends Ceremony October 10, 2007,[permanent dead link] DVD, Disney Media Services,
- ^ "Who is Tudor Owen (actor)?". Omnilexica. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
- ^ The Union Democrat
- ^ Johnson, Mindy (2017). Ink & Paint: The Women of Walt Disney's Animation. Los Angeles: Disney Editions. ISBN 9781484727812. OCLC 1013910808.
- ^ "The Personalities Behind the Laughs". Motion Picture Daily. 30: 120. 20 June 1931 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Gabler, Neal (2006). Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American imagination. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 353. ISBN 9780679438229. OCLC 698994408.
- ^ "The 15th Academy Awards (1943) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
- ^ "The 16th Academy Awards (1944) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
- ^ "The 18th Academy Awards (1946) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
- ^ "The 23rd Academy Awards (1951) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
- ^ "Burial detail: Duvall, Owen E, Sr". ANC Explorer. Retrieved April 21, 2023.
- ^ Duvall, Earl; Taliaferro, Al; Osborne, Ted; De Maris, Merrill (2016). Silly Symphonies: The Complete Disney Classics, vol 1. San Diego: IDW Publishing. ISBN 978-1631405587.
- ^ Barrier, Michael (2003). Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195167290.
- ^ Terrace, Vincent (1981). Radio's Golden Years :The Encyclopedia of Radio Programs, 1930-1960 (PDF) (1st ed.). San Diego: A.S. Barnes. p. 137. ISBN 0-498-02393-1. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
- ^ "Trout, Radio Player, Dies After Operation". The Bismarck Tribune. North Dakota, Bismarck. The Bismarck Tribune. March 28, 1950. p. 2. Retrieved February 5, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "In Search of Nat Falk - Author of How to Make Animated Cartoons (1941) • John Canemaker's Animated Eye". 19 September 2022.
- ^ "Johnny Lee". Blackface!. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ^ Barrier (2003), Warner Bros., pp. unnumbered pages
- ^ "Ken Harris | Biography". www.masteranimator.com. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
- ^ Beck, Jerry (September 10, 2018). "The Exposure Sheet #1 and #2". Cartoon Research. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
- ^ "UPA's "The Brotherhood of Man" (1946) |". cartoonresearch.com. September 29, 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
- ^ Barrier, Michael (1999). Hollywood cartoons : American animation in its golden age. Oxford University Press. pp. 443, 539. ISBN 978-0-19-503759-3.
- ^ "Warner Club News (1955) – Part 1 |". cartoonresearch.com. April 23, 2018. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
- ^ Charles Tobias is Dead at 72; Was Noted Composer, Billboard, July 18, 1970, p. 6
- ^ "Actress Shirley Booth, Star of TV's Hazel, Dies". The Seattle Times. October 21, 1992.
- ^ Flint, Peter B. (October 21, 1992). "Shirley Booth, Star of TV, Radio, Stage, and Screen, Is Dead at 94". The New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
- ^ Tucker, David C. (March 20, 2008). Shirley Booth: A Biography and Career Record. McFarland. p. 136. ISBN 978-0786436002.
- ^ Kōdansha (1993). Japan: an illustrated encyclopedia. Kōdansha, ISBN 978-4-06-206489-7
- ^ The World History of Animation, Stephen Cavalier p. 144
- ^ Barrier, Michael (1999). Hollywood Cartons: American Animation in its Golden Ag – Michael Barrier – Google Books. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-802079-0. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
- ^ "All California, Death Index, 1940-1997 results for Joe Dougherty". Ancestry.com.
- ^ Pace, Eric. "Cyril Ritchard, 79, Dies in Coma; Was Actor, Singer, and Director". The New York Times. 19 December 1977.
- ^ "People and Places". Star-News. September 16, 1980. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
- ^ "Census". Jet. October 9, 1980. Retrieved October 10, 2010.
- ^ Bogle, Donald, ed. (2006). Bright Boulevards, Bold Dreams: The Story of Black Hollywood. One World/Ballantine. p. 432. ISBN 0345454197. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
- ^ "Lillian Randolph, a film and television jewel". African-American Registry. Archived from the original on October 28, 2010. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
- ^ McCann, Bob, ed. (2009). Encyclopedia of African American Actresses in Film and Television. McFarland. p. 461. ISBN 978-0786437900. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
- ^ Lehman, Christopher P., ed. (2009). The Colored Cartoon. University of Massachusetts Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-1558497795. Retrieved October 10, 2010.
External links
edit- Animated works of the year, listed in the IMDb