It has been suggested that this article should be split into a new article titled Wollastonia (plant). (discuss) (November 2022) |
Melanthera (common name: squarestem),[3] is a genus of perennial[4] flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to North and South America, as well as Africa, Asia and Oceania, including Hawaiʻi.[5][6][7][8][9]
| Melanthera | |
|---|---|
| |
| Melanthera biflora | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Asteroideae |
| Tribe: | Heliantheae |
| Subtribe: | Ecliptinae |
| Genus: | Melanthera Rohr[1] |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
The most common species of this genus is Melanthera biflora, found in the coastal areas and islands of the tropical belt of the Indo-Pacific region.[10] Together with Portulaca oleracea, Ipomoea pes-caprae and Digitaria ciliaris, Melanthera biflora is usually one of the first species colonizing degraded or altered environments in tropical zones of the planet.[11]
Despite their general hardiness, leaves of Melanthera species are often attacked by rusts such as Uromyces columbianus and Uromyces martinii.[12]
Taxonomy
editThere are difficulties regarding the classification of this genus for its affinities are uncertain. Further studies are needed to clarify its taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships.[13][14]
Species
editThis is a list of species.[15][16]
- Melanthera abyssinica (Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.) Vatke - tropical Africa from Ethiopia to Tanzania + Sierra Leone
- Melanthera angustifolia A.Rich. - Central America, Cuba, Yucatán, Bahamas, southern Florida
- Melanthera biflora (L.) Wild. Indo-Pacific
- Melanthera bryanii (Sherff) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. – Pili Nehe; Hawaiʻi
- Melanthera buchii Urb. - Haiti
- Melanthera cinerea Schweinf. ex Schweinf. - Africa
- Melanthera discoidea S.F.Blake - Amazonas State in Brazil
- Melanthera elliptica O.Hoffm. - central Africa
- Melanthera fauriei (H. Lév.) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. – Olokele Canyon Nehe; Hawaiʻi
- Melanthera felicis C.D.Adams - Guinea in West Africa
- Melanthera gambica Hutch. & Dalziel - Gambia, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau in West Africa
- Melanthera hastata (Walt.) Rich. - Michoacán in Mexico, Islas de la Bahía in Honduras, Bahamas, El Salvador
- Melanthera integrifolia (Nutt.) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. – Kure Atoll Nehe; Hawaiʻi
- Melanthera kamolensis (O.Deg.) & Sherff) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. – Maui Nehe; Mauʻi
- Melanthera latifolia (Gardner) Cabrera - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina
- Melanthera lavarum (Gaudich.) W.L. Wagner & H.Rob. – Coastal Nehe; Hawaiʻi.
- Melanthera micrantha (Nutt.) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. - Hawaiʻi
- Melanthera nivea (L.) Small – Pineland Squarestem, Snow Squarestem, Yerba de Cabra; SE United States (LA MS AL GA FL SC TN KY IL),[17] Caribbean, Mexico (from Tamaulipas to Quintana Roo), Central America, South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guianas, northern Brazil)
- Melanthera parvifolia Small – Small-leaf Squarestem - southern Florida
- Melanthera perdita (Sherff) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. – Koʻokoʻolau; Hawaiʻi
- Melanthera populifolia (Sherff) W.L. Wagner & H.Rob. – Grassland Nehe; Hawaiʻi
- Melanthera prostrata (Hemsl.) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. - China, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Vietnam[18]
- Melanthera pungens Oliv. & Hiern - tropical Africa
- Melanthera remyi (A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. – Annual Nehe; Hawaiʻi
- Melanthera scandens (Schumach.) Roberty[19]
- Melanthera rhombifolia O.Hoffm. & Muschl. - West Africa
- Melanthera richardsae Wild - tropical Africa
- Melanthera robinsonii Wild - tropical Africa
- Melanthera robusta (Makino) K.Ohashi & H.Ohashi - Japan, Taiwan
- Melanthera scaberrima Hiern - Angola
- Melanthera scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty - tropical Africa
- Melanthera subcordata (A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. - Hawaiʻi
- Melanthera tenuifolia (A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. – Waianae Range Nehe; Oʻahu
- Melanthera tenuis (O.Deg. & Sherff) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob. – Streambed Nehe; Hawaiʻi
- Melanthera triternata (Klatt) Wild - southern Africa
- Melanthera venosa (Sherff) W.L. Wagner & H.Rob. – Spreading Nehe; Hawaiʻi
- Melanthera waimeaensis (H.St.John) W.L. Wagner & H.Rob. – Waimea Canyon Nehe; Kauaʻi
References
edit- ^ "Genus: Melanthera Rohr". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1996-09-17. Archived from the original on 2015-06-18. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
- ^ "Melanthera Rohr". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Melanthera". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- ^ Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 123 Melanthera Rohr, Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 2: 213. 1792.
- ^ Rohr, Julius Philip Benjamin von. 1792. Skrifter af Naturhistorie-Selskabet 2(1): 213–214
- ^ Davidse, G., M. Sousa-Peña, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2015. Asteraceae. 5(2): ined. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F.
- ^ Parks, J. C. 1973. A revision of North American and Caribbean Melanthera (Compositae). Rhodora 75: 169–210.
- ^ Pruski, J.F. 1997. Asteraceae. 3: 177–393. In J. A. Steyermark, P. E. Berry & B. K. Holst (eds.) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis
- ^ Wild, H. 1965. The African species of the genus Melanthera Rohr. Kirkia 5: 1–17
- ^ Response of Melanthera biflora to Salinity and Water Stress[dead link]
- ^ Heatwole, H., Done, T., Cameron, E. Community Ecology of a Coral Cay, A Study of One-Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Series: Monographiae Biologicae, Vol. 43, p. 102
- ^ George Baker Cummins (1978). Rust Fungi on Legumes and Composites in North America. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0-8165-0653-1.
- ^ Phylogenetic relationships of subtribe Ecliptinae - American Journal of Botany
- ^ Orchard, Anthony E. 2013. The Wollastonia/Melanthera/Wedelia generic concept (Asteraceae:Ecliptinae), with particular reference to Australia and Malesia. Nuytsia 23:337-466 (as Acunniana procumbens (DC.) Orchard),
- ^ Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014-11-06 at archive.today
- ^ "Melanthera". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
- ^ Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map
- ^ Flora of China, Vol. 20-21 Page 871 卤地菊 lu di ju Melanthera prostrata (Hemsley) W. L. Wagner & H. Robinson, Brittonia. 53: 557. 2002.
- ^ "GRIN Species Records of Melanthera". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
External links
edit
Data related to Melanthera at Wikispecies
Media related to Melanthera at Wikimedia Commons
