𒆷𒊏𒀝𒆠 | |
  Shown within Near East  SomeGuyWhoRandomlyEdits/Larak (Sumer) (Iraq) | |
| Alternative name | Larag |
|---|---|
| Location | Uncertain; somewhere in the Dhi Qar, Wasit, or Al-Qādisiyyah governorates of the Republic of Iraq |
| Region | Lower Mesopotamia |
| Coordinates | 32°18′45.9″N 45°39′39.6″E / 32.312750°N 45.661000°E |
| Type | City |
| Area | 50 ha (0.19 sq mi)[1] |
| History | |
| Founded | c. 3700 BCE[1] |
| Abandoned | c. 2250 BCE[1] |
| Periods | Uruk, Jemdet Nasr, Early Dynastic I, II, and III[1][2] |
| Cultures | Sumer |
| Associated with | Sumerians |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | Lost city |
Larak[a] was an ancient Iraqi city mentioned on the Sumerian King List (SKL) said to have been the third among the five cities to hold the kingship over Sumer during the antediluvian era.[3] En-sipad-zid-ana (r. c. 3000 – c. 2800 BCE) is the only king of Larak mentioned on the SKL.[3][4] Its tutelary deity was Pabilsag (god of the trees).[5][4] The exact location of Larak is uncertain; however, it is believed that the city was located somewhere to the east of Kish in the Isin-Nippur environs.[b][5] It is estimated that Larak may have been inhabited by anywhere from 10,000—20,000 citizens since the time of Old Uruk up to the Jemdet Nasr and even Early Dynastic I—III periods (c. 3700 – c. 2250 BCE); however, it remains a lost city.[6][7][1]
See also
editReferences
editNotes
edit- ^ Sumerian: 𒆷𒊏𒀝𒆠, romanized: Larak; transliterated: la.ra.agki (Sjöberg, Leichty & Tinney 2021)
- ^ Various archaeological sites in lower Mesopotamia such as the tells of al-Hayyad, al-Wilaya, or al-Laham are suspected to be the lost city of Larak.
Citations
edit- ^ a b c d e Modelski 1997.
- ^ Kessler 2021b.
- ^ a b Black et al. 2006.
- ^ a b Kessler 2021a.
- ^ a b Brisch 2013.
- ^ Adams 1981, p. 348.
- ^ Whitehouse 1977, p. 48.
Sources
editBibliography
editFurther reading
editExternal links
edit- Adams, Robert McCormick (1981). Heartland of Cities: Surveys of Ancient Settlement and Land Use on the Central Floodplain of the Euphrates. United Kingdom: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226005447. Retrieved 2021-08-04.
- Black, Jeremy Allen; Baines, John Robert; Dahl, Jacob L.; Van De Mieroop, Marc (2006-12-19) [c. 1900–1600 BCE]. Cunningham, Graham; Ebeling, Jarle; Flückiger-Hawker, Esther; Robson, Eleanor; Taylor, Jon; Zólyomi, Gábor (eds.). "The Sumerian king list". Faculty of Oriental Studies. Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL) (in Sumerian). Translated by Jacobsen, Thorkild Peter Rudolph; Glassner, Jean-Jacques; Römer, Willem H. Ph.; Zólyomi, Gábor (revised ed.). United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: University of Oxford (published 1997–2006). Retrieved 2021-08-04.
Then Bad-tibira fell (?) and the kingship was taken to Larag. In Larag, En-sipad-zid-ana ruled for 28800 years. 1 king; he ruled for 28800 years. Then Larag fell (?) and the kingship was taken to Zimbir.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Brisch, Nicole (2013). "Pabilsag (god)". Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. The Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus and UK Higher Education Academy. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
- Kessler, Peter L. (2021) [2008]. "City State of Larak / Larag". The History Files. Kessler Associates (published 1982–2021). Retrieved 2021-08-04.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=requires|archive-url=(help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: date format (link) - Kessler, Peter L. (2021) [2008]. "Ancient Mesopotamia". The History Files. Kessler Associates (published 1982–2021). Retrieved 2021-08-04.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Modelski, George (1997-07-10). "CITIES OF THE ANCIENT WORLD: AN INVENTORY (-3500 TO -1200)". Department of Political Science. University of Washington. Retrieved 2021-08-04.
- Sjöberg, Åke Waldemar; Leichty, Erle; Tinney, Steve (2021) [2003]. "Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary Project". Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary Project (PSD) (published 2003–2021). Retrieved 2021-08-04.
- Whitehouse, Ruth (1977). The first cities. United Kingdom: Phaidon Press. ISBN 9780714817248. Retrieved 2021-08-04.
Category:Sumerian cities Category:Archaeological sites in Iraq Category:Former populated places in Iraq Category:Dhi Qar Governorate
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