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Papers past reference ref {cite news |url = https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ODT18630924.2.18 | title = Supreme Court – Criminal Session | accessdate = 10 April 2023 |work=Otago Daily Times | via = paperspast.natlib.govt.nz |issue=552 |date=24 September 1863 |page=5}}/ref

Japanese occupation of Malaya

Refugees

In July 1945 the Japanese began to encourge non-essential workers in Singapore to evacuate and move to Malaya to evade the anticipated Allied bombing campaign.

Resistence

Hints of unrest appeared in the media in September 1942 with Selangor State having a Self Protection Corp. This was followed by a decree to eradicate Communists the same month. While no incidents were reported, the announcment on 30 June 1943 of the death penalty for opposing the government further point to potential issues.

In August 1943 reference was made to Communists and bandit activity threatening isolated villages and using the villages as bases to operate from. This was followed in late November an appeal was made to the public to assist in anti-espionage activities. The first mention of any significant number of Communist bandits was on 13 June 1944 when the newspaper reported the surrender 350 bandits at Sungei Siput and Rimba Panjang, followed by a further 90 bandits at Kuala Kangsar.

In early December the Japanese called for the formation of a Malai Volunteer Army (Giyu-gun) and Volunter Corp (Giyu-tai). The inauguration of the first Giyu-tai unit took place on 16 January 1944. The unit was presented with a keris by Tuan Onan bin Haji Siraj. Of the three predominate Malayan races, Malays were described as the keenest to join.

Shortages

As the war progressed shortages became wider with more goods being placed under controlled distribution and price control.

Medical supplies

A concern about the shortage of medical supplies, including quinine, was reported on 20 October 1942.

Food supply

By 18 April 1942 the newspaper was warning that unless measures were taken to reduce the reliance on imported food famine was imminent. It called upon the Sultans to organise their communities to undertake food planting programmes as a matter of urgency. A black market was possibly operating by 24 April 1942 with a report that sugar was being sold at over 3 times the fixed price.

In June 1942 cases of food hoarding and profiteering were increasing, prompting a rebuke of the Chinese population through the newspapers. Food was also being sold on the black market.. At the same time the Military Administration were calling on the populace to increase food planting so that Malaya would become self sufficient in foodstuffs.

By October 1942 the newspapers were reporting hundred of thousands of people with suffering from starvation because of the lack of generosity by their fellow citizens. The papers added that there was sufficient food available.

Rice

After the occupation the Japanese fixed food prices. A gantang (3.6 kg) of rice cost 61.5 cents.. Rice rationing began on 14 March 1942 with a limit of 5 katties (about 3kg) per person per week. The Japanese had arranged for some 40,000 tons of rice per month to be imported into Malaya from Burma (Myanmar) and Thailand. By October rice had dropped in price and depending on type ranged from 6.5 to 10.75 cents per kattie (37.9 to 63 cents per gantang).

In November the rice ration was dropped to about 4 katties (about 2.5kg) per person per week. A further reduction took place in September 1943 to about 3 katties per person per week (about 1.8kg). By March 1944 Tapioca was being promoted as a substitue for rice with the area under tapioca cultivation having increased from 47,000 acres in 1941 to 148,000 acres by the end of 1943.

By wars end rice was selling for $80 a kattie.

Administration and legal system

Administration of Malaya fell under the Supreme Command of the Southern Army Headquarters. Below them was the 25th Army Headquarters until 1944 when it was replaced by the 29th Army. And below them, in order of precedence, was the Gunseikanbu and Tokubetu-si.

The Japanese administration wanted Malaya to be treated as a single entity rather than a cluster of federated and unfedrated states, and colonies. It stated that no race should be more privilaged than another. Kedah and Perlis were merged into one state.

On 3 October 1943 the Gunsei set up Consultative Organs called Shu within various cities and provinces throughout Malaya. The purpose of these bodies were to enable the local populace to have input into the administration of their respective areas by the Gunsei.

Gunseikanbu

The Gunseikanbu (Central Military Administration) was one of the branches of the Japanese 25th Army. In Malaya it was headed by Keisin Managi from conquest until 17 April 1942. He was replaced by Wataru Watanabe who held hardline stance against the Chinese. The Sook Ching masacres took place under his administration.

Tokubetu-si

The civilian administration, Tokubetu-si, had overlapping functions with the Gunseikanbu. This lead to some confusion and duplication. The civilian police feel under the Tokubetu-si, while the military Kempaitai, feel under Army Headquarters. Most of the day to day administration was undertaken by the Tokubetu-si.

Transportation

The repair of road and rail infrastructure was repaired commenced after occupation and was ongoing throughout 1942.

One problem that remained was that most civilian cars and trucks had moved south to Singapore during the Japanese advance through Malaya and were left there. Trucks in particular were in short supply in Malaya and many were in poor repair or damaged in the conflict. Even after they were repaired fuel shortages meant returning them to Malaya was difficult. As part of the solution for the fuel shortage charcoal gas conversions were made to some vehicles. The Japanese also investigated converting rubber into vheicle fuel.

Rail links were re-established with a direct link from Singapore through Malaya to Thailand.

APEV

The Association for the Promotion of Electric Vehicles (APEV) was founded in 2009 by Soichiro Fukutake. The Association's aim is promote electic vehicles in order to protect the environment. There are branches of the Association in Japan, Germany, and New Zealand.

Japan

The Chairman of the Association is Soichiro Fukutake of Benesse Holdings Inc. Also on the executive are Nobuhiro Tajima of Tajima Motor Corporation, Hiroshi Fujiwara of BroadBand Tower Inc, Professor Kohei Kusaka of the University of Tokyo's School of Engineering, Kazunobu Sato of the Ehime Institute of Industrial Technology, Hitoshi Arima of dSPACE Japan K.K., and Professor Takahiro Suzuki of Tohoku University's New Industry Creation Hatchery Center.

Membership includes Toyota Motor Corporation, Suzuki Motor Corporation, and Nissan Motor Co Ltd along with University's and Government agencies in China, Philipines, United States, Germany, Australia, and England.

Design contests form part of the organisations promotional activities.

Team APEV

Tajima's 2012 Pikes Peak entry

In 2012 Nobuhiro "Monster" Tajima entered an electric hill climb car called the 2012 E-Runner Pikes Peak Special in the 90th Pikes Peak International Hill Climb. It was developed by APEV's team of engineers specifically for the hill climb.

The car did not finish in the 2012 event, but in 2013 Tajima achieved a time of 9:46.530 (average speed 122.8 km/h), creating a new record in the electric class and placing 5th overall. In 2014 Tajima completed the course in a time of 9:43.90.

New Zealand

APEV's New Zealand Directors are: Mark Gilbert, former CEO of BMW NZ and Chairman of APEV; Rob McEwen, former CEO, NZ Clean Energy Centre; Duncan Stewart, CEO, The Greenhouse; and Hideaki Fukutake, Director, efu Investments.

Evolocity

Evolocity was a motorsport event run by the Association for the Promotion of Electric Vehicles (APEV) and held at the Mike Pero Motorsport Park, Ruapuna, Christchurch, New Zealand for electric powered vehicles. The first event was held on 30 November 2014 and was being sponsored by Orion New Zealand Limited. It is also the first significant electric vehicle motorsport event in New Zealand. The event included a range of competitions and promotions.

High Schools

There are five competitions for high schools - a motor controller for a go-kart, an electric vehicle, a motor vehicle sound effect synthesiser, promotional video, and marketing competition. Sixteen teams from 10 Christchurch high schools entered the competition.

Electic vehicles

There are competitions for building an electric go-kart, motor-bike, and car. New Zealand's first Tesla S owners, Steve and Dee West, are putting their car on display.

Motor rally

A 21.2km motor rally for electric powered vehicles.

Motor sport

Sprint racing.

Participants

The participants include the University of Canterbury, and the University of Waikato which had converted a Suzuki Carry to electricity for the event. Eva Håkansson, the driver and builder of a record breaking electric motorcycle KillaJoule will be attending and demonstrating the bike. Lincoln High school is entering an electric bicycle in the event.

External Links

• Japanese APEV organisation website (English language)
• New Zealand APEV organistion website

HMS Vestal (1833)

HMS Vestal was a 952 ton 26 thirty-six pounder gun sixth rate launched on 6 April 1833 at Sheerness and broken up by 1862. She was designed by Sir W Symonds.

West Indies

After her launch, in June she was fitted with an Earle's fire-engine pump. Her sea trials were held in July with HMS Serpent and Pantaloon. She then sailed for the West Indies in October, arriving in Bermuda on on 3 December. She remainded in the West Indies from 1834 to 1837.

1835 started poorly for the Vestal. In April there was a yellow fever outbreak on board with a number of the crew dying. In July she ran aground of Laquayra and her Captain William Jones and master Mr Yule had to attend a Court Martial because of it. They were acquited because the charts for the area lacked sufficient information.

During her patrol in October she seized a Spanish slave-schooner Amalia. In 1836 she siezed a Portuguese slave schooner the Negrinha and vessal the Fenix, and a Spanish slave brigantine the Empresa. In 1837 she was less succesful with the slave ships Matilda and Donna Maria Segunda both eluding capture with the assistance of local Spanish authorities. She returned to Spithead from the North America station in September.

In 1838 she returned to duty in the Caribbean, patrolling the Mexican coast, transferring troops (76th Regiment from Barbadoes to Bermuda in 1840), and sailing as far north as Halifax and Quebec. On 4 September 1841 Captain John Parker was appointed Captain.

The America's, Australia ,and Hong Kong

During 1844 she sailed from England to New York in February, to Rio de Janeiro in May, and then in August to Sydney via Montevideo, the Cape of Good Hope, and Hobart. She remained in Sydney for several days before departing in late November for Hong Kong. On 27 December 1844 she arrived at Hong Kong having visited several Pacific Islands on the way,

Borneo pirates

In late July 1845 the Vestal was part of Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Cochrane's squadron that sailed from Penang to attack thr Malloodoo Bay pirates of Seriff Housman in Borneo. The squadron consisted of HMS Agincourt, HMS Vestal, HMS Daedalus, HMS Wolverine, HMS Cruizer, HMS Royalist, HMS Vixen, and the HEIC Steamers Pluton and Nemesis. The squadron sailed to Buffolo Rock anchorage at Singapore via Malacca. HMS Osprey had been with the squadron until reaching Singapore.

On the 28th [Jul, 1845] we were off the mouth of the Sarawak, and at daylight the Commander-in-Chief, with a party, went up the river in the Pluto, to pay a visit to Mr. Brooke's capital. The squadron anchored off Tanjong Po, and he returned the following day. The Pluto unfortunately had grounded, and sustained some damage, which rendered it necessary to beach her ; we proceeded to the northward, and had a pleasant run along the coast : we found the charts very erroneous. The flag-ship, however, appeared to view boldly, her master Mr. Ellyet, it was said, having already been on the coast in the Dido. On the 6th of August we were off the Brune River. While running in, the Agincourt touched on a knoll and hung for a short time. She came off without damage, with the exception of running into the Nemeses, which was coming to her assistance, and knocked over her funnel. This accident prevented our entering the river, so coming to an anchor, the next morning we dropped out into deep water. A boat conveying Mr. Brooke was despatched to the town. which returned the following day ; and shortly after a rajah, apparently of high rank, arrived rived to compliment the Admiral. He was received with all the honours, and had a long. interview. What passed I know not, but the result was that the next day, the 7th, a party of 160 marines, the band, &c., was embarked on board the Vixen, and she, the Nemesis and Pluto (which vessels had made good their damages), accompanied by three or four armed pinnaces, proceeded up the river of Brune, having the admiral and a large party of officers on board. At the bar, just below Palo Chesmise, there was found too little water for the Vixen ; the flag and army were, therefore, transferred to the small steamer, which proceeded off the town. The admiral, attended by his suite, paid a visit to the sultan, and active negociations (sic) appeared to be going on.

In the course of the afternoon, the Vixen made her appearance, Commander Giffard having succeeded in forcing her over the bar in her own draft. Up to this time no visible symptoms had offered, and we began to fear that nothing would take place. During the night there was a slight confusion on board the Vixen, where the whole force had re-assembled, owing to some fancy having been entertained that she had been boarded by an enemy. The commander's appearance on deck, however, soon restored order, and on his endeavouring to arrive at the cause of the disorder, a sentry who had been calmly walking his post on the paddle-box, gave it as his opinion that "It was only Mr._______ a-dreaming."

On the forenoon of the next day, the 10th [Aug, 1845], it appeared that the Admiral had demanded that a certain chief, Panquera Usof, should be given up, be having behaved ill in the matter of some slaves. Usof apparently disliked the terms, whatever they were, for about noon his house was pointed out as the object to be attacked, and the steamers moved into position. It was admirably situated for a little practice, being quite isolated from the town, and exposed on all sides; the arrangements were very judicious. The Vixen was laid opposite the principal front ; the Pluto, with the marines, ran up a branch of the river to a point where her fire would cross that of the Vixen at right angles, and a place was found for the Nemesis midway betwixt the two. Had poor Usof's house been of adamant instead of mats, it must have come down in five minutes.

The arrangements being completed, the Vixen fired a 32 lb. shot through the roof of the house, just to give warning we were ready ; this was replied to by some half dozen guns, the shot passing over the Vixen. The three steamers then opened, and in ten minutes the house was riddled. I believe every one ran away on the first discharge, and they acted wisely, for the effect of the Vixen's grape and cannister was terrific. The firing having ceased, the marines advanced, and took possession of the frontier. Twenty-one brass guns were brought off, and a powder magazine (within twenty paces of which a shed fallen behind) destroyed. The houses were handed over to the Sultan. and the party re-embarked: The Sultan then gave permission to the populace to plunder it, and they were not slow in availing themselves of the permission.

The admiral returned to the squadron the following day, and ran over to the island of Labuan. When the steamer had completed taking in the wood. which in the mean- time had been collected by the Cruizer and Wolverine, having the carpenter of the squadron on board, we all moved to the northward; and on the road learned that there was another job in prospect. On the 17th we were assembled in Malluda Bay; in the evening the captains met by signal on board the flag ship, and received the plan of attack on Seriff Housman, a notorious pirate, harbour-ing in one of the rivers at the head of the bay.

Pursuant to these orders, on the morning of the 18th [Aug, 1845] all the small-arm men and marines moved to the Vixen and other steamers, and they taking the Cruizer, Wolverine, and the gun-boats in tow, moved up the bay as far as the depth of water would permit. The Pluto went on to pick out the channel, but shortly got aground. The admiral, whose flag was in the Vixen. anxious not to lose time, then directed Captain Talbot to put what men he could in the boats and proceed. Accordingly, about 300 blue jackets and 200 marines embarked in the boats; the details as follows:- To com-mand the whole, Captain Talbot, Vestal, as-sisted by Commander Fanshawe, Cruizer, to command the landing party, Acting-Commander Lyster, Agincourt, assisted by Com-mander Clifford, Wolverine, and Lieutenant Paynter, Agincourt, as Adjutant, - command-ing H.M. Marines Captain Hawkins, R.N.

H.M. ship Agincourt, second barge Lieutenant Paynter, Mr. May, mate, Mr. Patrick, Assistant-surgeon.- Launch, Lieutenant Lowther, Mr. Burton, midshipman, Mr. Burnaby, midshipman, Mr. Whipple, assistant-surgeon.- Pinnace, Mr. Reeve, mate, in charge of the rocket party.- Second cutter, Mr. Lincoe, midshipman.- In Wolverine, Daedalus and Nemesis cutters, in charge of the first company of small arm men, .Lieutenant Reid, Mr. Young, mate, Mr Hotham, midshipman.

H.M. ship Vestal, barge, pinnace, and cutter, Lieutenant Morritt, Lieutenant Pascoe, Mr. Pym, second master, Mr. Durbin, mate. H.M. ship Daedalus, pinnace, barge, and cutter, Lieutenant Randolph, Mr. Nolloth, mate. Mr. Wilkinson, second master., H.M. steam-vessel Vixen, pinnace and cutter, Lieutenant Wilcox, Mr. Dent, mate, Mr. Sainsbury, midshipman. H. M. sloop Cruizer, pinnace and cutter, Lieutenant Rodney, Mr. _______ , midshipman. H.M. sloop Wolverine, pinnace and cutter, Lieutenant Hillyar, Mr. Gibbard, mate. Lieutenant Heard, senior lieutenant of H.M. ship Samarang (supernumerary on board Agincourt) in the Pluto's boats, in charge of the Agincourt's field piece. Lieutenants Hambly, Dyer, Kennedy, and Mansell, of the Royal Marines, distributed with their parties.

Captain Talbot was accompanied by Mr. Brookes. Malay interpreter, Mr. Williams a volunteer, and two Malay pilots from Brune.

The boats started against a strong breeze ; the channel was so difficult to discover, that they were obliged to anchor outside the bar, at seven p.m. At half-past ten p.m. the tide enabled the boats to pass the bar and anchor at the mouth of the rover for the night. At seven a.m. the next day, the 19th of August, [1845], the boats weighed at quarter flood in two divisions, and proceeded up the river, carrying two fathoms water the whole way, the gigs leading and sounding. The course of the river trends generally to the S.S.W., with small reaches trending to the southward and eastward, with an average breadth of sixty yards, the banks covered with close jungle, lined with mangrove bushes fringing the edges.

Three miles up the river, Captain Talbot went ahead to reconnoitre, and rejoined two miles higher up, with information that the next bend would place the boats in front of the batteries and stockade, and that a boom of large size was thrown across the river 250 or 300 hundred yards below the fort. The launch and second barge of the Agincourt, the barge of the Vestal, and launch of the Daedalus were then, ordered up with directions to form line abreast, to anchor by the stern when close up to the boom, and keep up a fire, whilst the three cutters under Lieutenant Reid, Mr. Young, and Mr. Gibbard, were directed under cover of the fire of the gun-boats to clear away the boom, the Vixen's and Vestal's pinnaces to close up in the interval, and the remainder of the boats to be the reserve, and act as ordered.

Whilst Captain Lyster was preparing to carry out these instructions, a flag of truce made its appearance from the fort. The boats were immediately ordered to anchor in two lines, Captain Talbot demanded an unconditional surrender of Seriff Housman in half an hour. The flag of truce urged the wish of Housman to have a consultation with him, it was refused, and the flag left; in the meanwhile the boats had taken up their positions in the following manner: the Agincourt's launch close in on the left bank touching the boom, the Vixen's pinnace next, and the Daedalus' launch next; on the right bank was the Vestal's barge. then the Agincourt's second barge, the Pluto's cutter, and the gigs of the commanding officers. The three cutters with the carpenters, under Captain Lyster, employed themselves trying to unshackle the cable and clear the boom of the shore.

In a quarter of an hour another flag of truce came down the river and stated that Seriff Housman would allow two boats inside the boom during the conference. He was answered that the half hour was nearly up, and that if Seriff Housman did not surrender, action would commence. The flag of truce instantly returned, shot round a small turn of the river, hauled down the flag, and the batteries commenced firing, which was immediately returned. The 12-pound carronades in the gun boats appeared to make little impression on the forts, but the firing on both sides was well sustained. About twenty minutes from the commencement, Lieutenant Paynter obtained permission to land and try the rockets, and in eight minutes a 24, 12, and 3-pound tube were fired on the right bank, about five yards in the rear of the boom, and the first rocket (a 42-pound) was hailed by a loud cheer from all the gun boats. The well sustained fire of guns and rockets, soon rendered the fire of Seriff Housman's defences wild, but the perfect workmanship by which the boom was secured, resisted all efforts to force it. The firing having lasted fifty minutes, and the boom still impassable. the ammunition of the gun-boats was ordered to be husbanded, and the guns to be fired with great precision ; at this time Mr. Reeve of the rocket party was sent to Captain Talbot with information that the forts could be reached by the right bank; but at this moment one end of the boom gave way. The boats were immediately pushed through. and with a loud cheer, led by Captains Talbot, Lyster, Fanshawe, and Clifford; boat after boat passed with the marines under Captain Hawkins to storm the defences. The enemy retreated from the eight-gun battery without making any resistance. The flags were hauled down, and the forts immediately taken possession of. A guard was left in the fort ; parties of marines and small arm men advanced up both sides of the river, burning and destroying the houses, and everything that could be discovered.

The forts were well situated, and commanded a complete view of the river and boom. A floating battery of three long 18-pounders was erected close to the left bank, and the guns laid for the boom. The 8-gun battery, consisting of one 18 pounder, two 12-pounders, three 9-pounders, and two 6-pounders, on the right bank, were laid some for the boom and others above and below it. It was not to be expected that so formidable a position could be taken without a sacrifice of life. Six killed and fifteen wounded, (two mortally,) was the loss on the English side, and the determined manner the pirates worked their guns for the first half hour, secure in their position, and confident in their boom, renders it fortunate the loss was not greater.

The following is a list of the casualties on the occasion

H. M. ship Agincourt. 2nd barge, 3 killed, 2 wounded, (1 severely) ; launch, 1 killed, 2 wounded, (1 severely). H. M. ship Vestal. Barge, 1 killed; pinnace, 2 wounded, (t severely). H. M. S. Daedalus, Launch, 1 killed, 2 wounded, (1 mortally, l severely). H. M. S. Vixen. Pinnace, 2 wounded, (Z severely) ; cutter, 1 wounded. H. M sloop Wolverine. Cutter, 1 wounded, (mortally); pinnace, 1 wounded (severely). H. M. sloop Cruizer. Pinnace, 2 wounded. H. C. steam vessel Pluto. Cutter, 1 wounded. Officers, wounded. Lieut. Heard, Supr. Agincourt, (slightly,) Mr. Gibbard, mate in Wolverine, (mortally), Mr. Pym, second master Vestal, (severely)

It is impossible to estimate the loss of the enemy; that it was severe, there can be no doubt; bodies were found in various directions - numbers were thrown into the river by their own- people, and the wounded were carried into the jungle as soon as they fell. But the testimony of some Manila men (slaves) who had escaped, amounts to this that Seriff Housman was dangerously wounded in the neck, that two Chiefs (Arabs) were killed, and two severely wounded, that many hundred men were in the forts at the commencement, but after twenty minutes firing numbers fled, and as the loss on the English side was all in the first twenty minutes, it is highly probable that the latter part of the firing was continued by a few desperate men, but without any effect, and who ran away the moment the boom was passed.

Not wishing to lose the tide, the force was re-embarked and returned to the Vixen. To prevent all chance of the enemy making head again, the Admiral despatched a fresh party under Commodore Giffard, who after a slight resistance from a few stragglers, completed the destruction of the town, and brought away a quantity of brass ordnance. The force having returned to the ship, the squadron moved to the island of Balambangan, and on the 25th sailed for Manila and Hongkong ; the Cruizer being detached with Mr. Brooke and Captain Bethune. Thus under one short campaign at Borneo there can be little doubt that a most salutary effect will be produced by the powerful and effectual measures of our Commander-in-Chief.

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Destruction Of Pirates. -By a letter from H.M.S. Agincourt, dated Manila, 3rd September, we learn that the squadron, consisting of the Agincourt, Vestal, Daedalus, Cruizer Wolverine Vixen, Pluto, and Nemesis. had attacked, at Malloodoo Bay, the pirate chief Seriff Housman. The boats of the squadron succeeded in taking his forts, being three in number, and mounting altogether fifteen guns; they destroyed his town, and all the goods they came across. The boats were under the fire of the batteries, while forcing the boom, upwards of fifty minutes, at little more than two hundred yards. distance. Our loss was six killed and fifteen wounded-two of the latter since dead. Mr. Pym, of the Vestal, was wounded in the back part of the thigh by a grape shot, but not dangerously. Gibbard, a mate of the Wolverine,, was killed. The loss is the Agincourt alone was four killed and six wounded. 'the loss. of the enemy could not be ascertained, 9s tey carried the bodies immediately into the jungle, but it must have been immense. Two Arab chiefs are known to have been killed, and Seriff Housman himself to have been carried off the field, severely wounded in the neck. The squadron were to sail for Hongkong from Manila the day after, namely, the 4th Sept. - Port Philip Herald, December 11.

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The Vestal returned to Hong Kong after the battle and was stationed there until 4 March 1847 when she sailed back to England. On her return her crew was paid off and she was placed in ordinary reserve at Sheerness.

Anti-slave trade operations

In 1852 operation against slavers in the Havana - Bahama region, where 3 slavers were captured - see p. 393-4 at www.archive.org/details/royalnavyhistory06clow

17 Dec 1852 detained off Havana the Spanish slave vessel Carloto, Vicente Valero, master, which was sent for adjudication to the Mixed Court at Havana and on 3 Feb 1853 sentenced to be forfeited.

17 Dec 1852 detained off Havana the Spanish slave vessel Cuatro Hermanos, Ramon Albela, master, which was sent for adjudication to the Mixed Court at Havana and on 19 Jan 1853 sentenced to be restored to her master.

17 Dec 1852 detained off Havana the Spanish slave vessel Venus, José Francisco Infante, master, which was sent for adjudication to the Mixed Court at Havana and on 19 Jan 1853 sentenced to be forfeited.

22 Dec 1852 detained off Havana at Lat. 23° 16' 30" N., long. 82° 22' 45" W., the Spanish slave vessel Arogante Emilio, José Costa, master, which was sent for adjudication to the Mixed Court at Havana and on 21 Mar 1853 sentenced to be restored to her master.

1 Nov 1853 at Havana.

1860 Chatham.

9 Nov 1844 Gentlemen.- The Vestal's extraordinary qualifications in sailing perhaps are unparalleled in naval construction. A few particulars of the vessel may be acceptable to your readers, especially those interested in maritime affairs.

The Vestal bears no affinity to the old thirty-twos, either in dimensions or configuration. They are as follow:-

Length on load water line 130 ft 0 in Length on gun deck 139 ft 0 in Breadth, extreme, 5-16 of load water line 40 ft 6 in Depth in hold from timbers amid- ships to main deck 17 ft 6 in Draught of water-load line, amidships...16ft 6in Builder's tonnage, O. M..952 tons Light displacement of the ship, i.e. her own weight...526 tons Actual weight received on board for sea service, i. e. masts, rig-ging, armament, stores, &c..413 tons Load displacement, i. e. total weight of ship...939 tons

These cursory statements may be fully de-pended on, as they were given to the writer, with the various dimensions of all the classes of the Symondsian vessels, together with their sections and draughts, by the constructor himself.

The Vestal's metal is very heavy, being the medium thirty-twos, weight 45 cwt. each, which the extension of beam enables her to carry with ease on her main deck, although only rated and carrying 26 guns ; whilst the North Star, of the same rate, same length on load water line, but seven feet six inches lets beam, and registering but 500 tons, carries only gunnades, thirty-twos, about 25 cwt. each, on her main deck.

The North Star's light displacement a 351 tons; dead weight, &c., on board, 350 tons; total displacement, or weight of ship, 701 tons.

The old thirty-twos were about 700 tons register, and carried twenty-two long twelves on main deck ; and were any of these bygone ships, or the later description of twenty-six gun vessels, so well known in the British navy as "donkey or jackass frigates;" placed alongside of the Vestal in action they would surely be blown to atoms ! Hence the superiority of vessels in the British navy. as now constructed on the Symondsian principle, over those of former construction, each class carrying the same number of guns.

John Jarvis (karateka)

John Hugo Jarvis (born 1940) is a karateka and author from New Zealand. Jarvis migrated to New Zealand from Freetown, arriving on the Achille Lauro, on 15 December 1967.

Karate

He is Shihan, 5th Dan. His first instructor was Steve Arneil in 1967. Later, John Jarvis was a personal representative of Masutatsu Oyama and Kyokushinkai chief instructor in New Zealand. In 1974 he switched to Okinawa Goju-ryu karatedo. He is the fifth person to complete the 100-man kumite. John Jarvis retired from karate in 1987 and now writes books. His fourth, Kurosaki Killed the Cat, was published in 2006.

Books

• The handy self defence book, Rembuden Publishing, Wellington, 1972
• Weight training for self defense, Rembuden Publishing, Wellington, 1973
• Kurosaki Killed the Cat, Rembuden Publishing, Upper Hutt, 2006, ISBN 0-958-27280-8

External links

• New Zealand Okinawa Goju-Ryu Karatedo - History of IOGKF New Zealand
• Rembuden Kilbirnie Karate Club
• Kurosaki Killed the Cat
• Kurosaki Killed the Cat review

STA

STA (Société Transafricaine d'Aviation) was founded in 1937 by Air France and the shipping line, Compagnie Générale Transatlantique. The shipping company owned the SS France and had founded Société Transatlantique Aérienne, which had a catapult launched aircraft installed on the ship. Société Transatlantique Aérienne became Air France.

Aircraft

The companies first aircraft was a Latecoere 521. In 1939 it acquired at Latecoere 522. After the war the company acquired seven Douglas C-47 A's and three C-47 B's.

MV Otaki

1. As secretary to Lord Sterling, chairman of P and O, I see this medal every day, proudly displayed on the wall in his office. It is mounted as it must have been in the dining room of the last mv Otaki, where it sat alongside a portrait of Captain Smith.

It has this inscription : 'This Victoria Cross was awarded to Captain Archibald Bissett Smith. Master of the New Zealand Shipping Company vessel ss Otaki. He was was born in Aberdeen on December 19, 1878, and educated at Robert Gordon's College. He joined the Company on June 2, 1904 and was promoted Master in July 1912. he died on March 10, 1917, when in command of the ss Otaki, which was sunk in the North Atlantic after a very gallant action with the heavily armed raider 'Moewe'. The Victoria Cross was awarded posthumously to commemorate this epic of the Merchant Service'.

The New Zealand Shipping Co, a P and O subsidiary, acquired the medal by auction in 1951 and it was carried aboard it's fourth Otaki, which served from 1953 to 1975.

This is signed ; Lyn Allen, P and O SNCo, London

2) On March 10, 1917, the refrigerated meat ship Otaki, commanded by Captain Archibald Bisset Smith, sailing 350 miles east of the Azores, was sunk by the German commerce raider Moewe, but not before the Otaki's 4.7 inch gun had inflicted so much damage on the Moewe that, although able to reach Kiel, she never returned to sea. The Otaki lost six crewmen, including Captain Bisset Smith, who went down with his ship. Smith was a civilian and therefore not strictly entitled to receive the VC, so he was posthumously gazetted a lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve. The London Gazette of May 25th, 1919, details the award.

In 1936, the relatives of Captain Bisset Smith presented the Otaki Shield to the Governors of Robert Gordon's College, Aberdeen, where he had been educated, to be awarded annually to the scholar judged pre-eminent in character, leadership and athletics.

From 1938, the New Zealand Shipping Company added a travel scholarship in the form of a return trip to New Zealand - a tradition which continues, with P and O now providing the passage.

In March 1951, Captain Bisset Smith's VC was bought at auction by the New Zealand Shipping Company and for two years it was housed in Robert Gordons's College, but was then placed in the 'new' Otaki when it was built in 1953.

It remained in the officer's dining room until the Otaki was sold in 1975. The medal has since been in the possession of PandO, in pride of place in the office of the chairman.

Signed ; H.O. Smith, Head of Geography, Robert Gordon's College, Aberdeen

Minerva

The Minerva was a ship that was presumed wrecked on Enderby Island in the Auckland Islands on 10 May 1864.

James Teer, a survivor of the shipwreck of the General Grant recorded that in April 1867 the survivors found a stave on the mainland on a point inside Enderby Island. On the stave was written in charcoal Minerva - 4 men, 1 officer - Leith - May 10th, 1864 - March 25th, 1865. Teer notes from the relative position of the words, our impression was, that the word Leith had reference to the man or men, and not to the Minerva.

There were two ships named Minerva in the vicinity in 1863. One was an 221 ton American whaling barque, under Captain Pennyman from New Bedford, operating in these waters in 1863. The other ship, an 829 ton barque, under Captain Merryman, sailed from London to Sydney in 1863. Merryman's barque sailed to New Zealand from time to time. By 1864 Merryman's ship was sailing between London and Fernando Po. In late 1864 Pennyman's boat was sailing for the Arctic. Neither appear to be likely candidates. The Invercould was wrecked in the Auckland Islands on 10 May 1864 and its survivors were rescued on 20 May 1865.,

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Kenpeitai

Akafuji, Major-General Shoji (1893-1969) Japan

• 1940-03-09 – 1941-03-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Jinan
• 1941-03-01 – 1941-11-01 Head of Political Affairs Section, Military Police (Kempeitai), China Garrison Army
• 1941-11-01 – 1943-08-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Beijing
• 1943-08-02 – 1944-03-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Kumamoto
• 1944-03-01 – 1944-08-15 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Nagoya
• 1944-08-15 – 1945-09-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Northern Army District

Baba, Major-General Kikaku (1887-1964) Japan

• 1933-03-01 – 1937-03-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Shinkyou
• 1937-03-01 – 1938-11-10 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Tokyo
• 1938-11-10 – 1940-03-09 Commandant of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Academy

Fujie, General Keisuke (1885-1969) Japan

• 1936-08-01 – 1937-03-01 Head of General Affairs Bureau, Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters
• 1937-03-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Kanto Area
• 1937-08-02 – 1938-08-02 Provost Marshal

Hara, Lieutenant-General Mamoru (1892-1991) Japan

• 1941-04-01 – 1942-08-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Kwantung Army
• 1945-08-22 – 1945-11-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitei), Eastern Army District

Hasegawa, Major-General Tsutomu (1896-1953) Japan

• 1945-08-31 – 1945-09-XX Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Tokai

Hirano, Major-General Toyoji (1890-1945) Japan

• 1938-08-31 – 1940-03-09 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Shijiazhuang
• 1940-03-09 – 1941-10-15 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Ishimon
• 1941-10-15 – 1943-03-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Nagoya
• 1943-03-01 – 1945-09-XX Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), 25th Army [Sumatra]

Ishida, Lieutenant-General Eiguma (1892-1969) Japan

• 1945-08-27 – 1945-09-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Western Army District

Ishida, Lieutenant-General Otogoro (1892-1977) Japan

• 1938-08-31 – 1941-03-01 Chief of Administration Section, Military Police (Kempeitai) China Garrison Army
• 1941-03-01 – 1944-01-17 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Taiwan
• 1944-01-17 – 1944-11-22 Commandant of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Academy
• 1944-11-22 – 1945-09-02 Director-General of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters

Ishiguro, Lieutenant-General Teizo (1887-1950) Japan

• 1934-06-XX – 1936-03-28 Adviser on Military Police (Kempeitai) Training, Kwantung Army

Kaji, Major-General Eijirō (1886-1961) Japan

• 1934-08-01 – 1937-02-25 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Nagoya
• 1937-02-25 – 1939-03-09 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Affairs Section, Kwantung Army
• 1939-03-09 – 1940-08-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Korea

Kamisago, Major-General Shōshichi (1890-1956) Japan

• 1938-02-03 – 1940-08-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Chinto
• 1940-08-01 – 1942-04-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Hiroshima
• 1941-11-XX – 1942-08-01 Commanding Officer 11th Military Police (Kempeitai) Field Regiment
• 1942-08-01 – 1943-08-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Southern Section, 1st Army
• 1943-08-02 – 1945-01-12 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Kurume
• 1945-01-12 – 1945-09-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Taiwan

Katō, Lieutenant-General Hakujirō (1887-1951) Japan

• 1934-04-XX – 1935-08-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Enkichi
• 1935-08-01 – 1938-07-15 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Houten
• 1938-07-15 – 1938-11-10 Head of General Affairs Section, Military Police (Kempeitai), Kanto Area
• 1938-11-10 – 1940-08-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Kanto Area
• 1940-08-01 – 1941-07-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Chosen Army [Korea]
• 1941-07-01 – 1942-08-01 Executive Officer, Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters
• 1942-08-01 – 1943-01-04 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Kanto Area
• 1943-01-04 – 1943-08-26 Provost Marshal
• 1943-08-26 – 1945-09-13 Commanding Officer Northern China Special Garrison Unit
• 1943-08-26 – 1945-08-XX Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Northern China Expeditionary Army

Kawagoe, Lieutenant-General Moriji (1893-1976) Japan

• 1945-09-03 – 1945-XX-XX Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Central Army District

Kikuchi, Major-General Takeo (1888-1955) Japan

• 1931-08-01 – 1934-08-01 Commanding Officer Military Police (Kempeitai), Yokohama
• 1936-08-01 – 1938-11-10 Head of Police Administration, Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters
• 1938-11-10 – 1941-03-01 Head of General Affairs Bureau, Military Police (Kempeitai), Kanto

Kinoshita, Lieutenant-General Eiichi (1893-1969) Japan

• 1937-11-01 – 1939-08-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Hiroshima
• 1939-08-01 – 1941-03-01 Executive Officer, Military Police (Kempeitai) Academy
• 1941-03-01 – 1941-06-24 Chief of the General Affairs Section, Military Police (Kempeitai), China Garrison Army
• 1941-06-24 – 1942-08-01 Chief of General Affairs Section, Military Police (Kempeitai), Northern China
• 1942-08-01 – 1944-11-22 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Shanghai
• 1944-11-22 – 1945-09-02 Commandant of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Academy
• 1945-08-23 – 1945-09-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Yokohama

Kitano, Lieutenant-General Kenzō (1889-1960) Japan

• 1939-09-07 – 1940-07-22 General Officer Commanding Military Police (Kempeitai), China

Kodama, Major-General Hisazō (1898-1962) Japan

• 1945-08-27 – 1945-09-05 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Kyoto

Kojima, Major-General Masanori (1892-1969) Japan

• 1939-03-31 – 1941-08-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Mudanjiang
• 1942-02-17 – 1943-04-15 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Shinkyou
• 1943-04-15 – 1945-01-24 Head of the Military Police, 3rd Area, Southern Army
• 1945-01-24 – 1945-09-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), 29th Army

Kondō, Lieutenant-General Shinpachi (1893-1947) Japan

• 1938-07-15 – 1939-03-31 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Houten
• 1939-03-31 – 1940-12-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Keijo (Seoul)

Masuoka, Major-General Kenshichi (1888-1964) Japan

• 1934-12-01 – 1937-03-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Hirosaki
• 1937-03-01 – 1938-11-10 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Taiwan
• 1938-11-10 – 1940-08-01 Head of the Police Administration Bureau, Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters
• 1940-08-01 – 1942-08-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Tokyo
• 1942-08-01 – 1943-07-22 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), 15th Army
• 1943-07-22 – 1943-11-24 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Burma Area Army
• 1943-11-24 – 1944-08-15 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Northern Army
• 1944-08-15 – 1944-12-26 Attached to Southern Army
• 1944-12-26 – 1945-02-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), 14th Army
• 1945-02-01 – 1945-09-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), 14th Area Army

Miura, Lieutenant-General Saburō (1893-1974) Japan

• 1935-08-01 – 1937-11-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Hiroshima
• 1937-11-01 – 1938-12-23 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Osaka
• 1938-12-23 – 1939-08-01 Senior Staff Officer, Military Police (Kempeitai), Central China Area Army
• 1939-08-01 – 1940-12-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Shanghai
• 1940-12-02 – 1942-08-01 Commandant of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Academy
• 1942-08-01 – 1943-08-26 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Northern China Area Army
• 1943-08-26 – 1944-10-14 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Kwantung Army

Mori, Lieutenant-General Takeshi (1894-1945) Japan

• 1943-02-03 – 1944-01-17 Deputy Commander in Chief of the Military Police (Kempeitai)

Nagatomo, Major-General Tsuguo (1891-1986) Japan

• 1938-12-23 – 1940-08-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Rana
• 1940-08-01 – 1943-01-04 Chief of Military Police Section, Military Police (Kempeitai), Kanto
• 1943-01-04 – 1944-03-01 Chief of the General Affairs Section, Military Police (Kempeitai), Kanto
• 1944-03-01 - 1945-03-17 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Osaka
• 1945-03-17 – 1945-09-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Central Army District

Nakai, Major-General Tsutae (1887-1950) Japan

• 1934-08-01 – 1936-03-XX Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Halpin
• 1936-03-XX – 1937-08-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Peony River
• 1937-12-01 – 1940-08-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Kyoto
• 1940-08-01 – 1941-07-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Houten
• 1941-07-01 – 1943-08-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Korea

Ninomiya, Major-General Shinichi (1884-1970) Japan

• 1936-08-01 – 1939-03-09 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Korea

Nishida, Major-General Shōzō (1894-1978) Japan

• 1940-08-01 – 1942-04-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Dalian
• 1942-04-02 – 1944-08-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Hiroshima
• 1944-08-01 – 1945-09-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), 16th Army

Nōmi, Lieutenant-General Toshiō (1894-1945) Japan

• 1940-08-01 – 1940-12-02 Chief of Control Section, Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters
• 1940-12-02 – 1942-08-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Shanghai
• 1942-08-01 – 1944-01-17 Commandant of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Academy
• 1944-01-17 – 1945-01-12 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Taiwan

Ōgi, Lieutenat-General Shigeru (1888-1947) Japan

• 1935-08-01 – 1937-03-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Taiwan
• 1937-03-01 – 1937-12-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Shinkyo
• 1937-12-01 – 1938-12-23 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), China Expeditionary Army
• 1938-12-23 – 1941-03-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Osaka
• 1941-03-01 – 1943-08-26 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), China Expeditionary Army
• 1943-08-26 – 1944-10-14 Provost Marshal
• 1944-10-14 – 1945-09-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Kwantung Army

Ōno, Lieutenant-General Kōichi (1891-1986) Japan

• 1937-11-01 – 1938-08-31 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Tianjing
• 1938-08-31 – 1941-03-01 Chief of General Affairs Section, Military Police (Kempeitai), China Garrison Army
• 1941-03-01 – 1943-01-04 Chief of General Affairs Section, Military Police (Kempeitai), Kwantung Army
• 1941-08-XX – 1942-01-23 Commanding Officer 1st Field Military Police (Kempeitai) Regiment
• 1943-01-04 – 1943-03-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Kwantung Army
• 1943-03-01 – 1943-08-26 Commandant of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Academy
• 1943-08-26 – 1945-04-07 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Central China Expeditionary Army

Sakai, Major-General Shūkichi (1890-1952) Japan

• 1935-03-15 – 1936-08-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Keijo (Seoul)
• 1936-08-01 – 1937-11-01 Senior Adjutant, Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters
• 1937-11-01 – 1938-11-10 Head of the Military Police ( Kempeitai), Taikyu
• 1938-11-10 – 1941-03-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Taiwan
• 1941-03-01 – 1944-03-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Osaka

Sasaki, Lieutenant-General Tōichi (1886-1955) Japan

• 1938-08-31 – 1939-09-07 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), China Expeditionary Army

Segawa, Major-General Hiroshi (1896-1945) Japan

• 1945-03-17 – 1945-08-06 Commanding Officer Military Police (Kempeitai), Hiroshima - killed by atomic bomb

Shigetō, Major-General Norifumi (1895-1947) Japan

• 1938-12-10 – 1940-08-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Nagoya
• 1940-08-01 – 1942-05-02 Attached to Military Police (Kempeitai) Section, Central China Expeditionary Army
• 1942-05-02 – 1945-08-10 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Southern China Expeditionary Army
• 1945-08-10 – 1945-09-18 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Northern China Area Army

Shikata, Major-General Ryōji (1896-1977) Japan

• 1938-08-XX – 1940-04-XX Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Kurume
• 1940-04-XX – 1940-08-01 Attached to the Command Staff, Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters
• 1940-08-01 – 1941-11-01 Chief of 2nd Section, Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters
• 1941-11-01 – 1942-08-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Central China Expeditionary Army
• 1942-08-01 – 1944-11-22 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Tokyo
• 1944-07-12 – 1944-11-22 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Headquarters
• 1944-11-22 – 1945-04-07 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Shanghai [China]
• 1945-04-07 – 1945-09-XX Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Central China Expeditionary Army

Shimada, Major-General Enosuke (1894-1959) Japan

• 1945-08-27 – 1945-09-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Shikoku

Shimamoto, Lieutenant-General Masaichi (1887-1967) Japan

• 1937-08-02 – 1938-11-10 Commandant of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Academy
• 1939-05-01 – 1939-08-01 Provost Marshal, Central China Expeditionary Army

Shiozawa, Lieutenant-General Kiyonobu (1892-1969) Japan

• 1935-08-01 – 1937-08-02 Chief of Patrol Section, Military Police (Kempeitai), Kwantung Army

Shirokura, Lieutenant-General Yoshie (1887-1945) Japan

• 1931-03-11 – 1934-08-01 Adjutant, Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters
• 1934-08-01 - 1936-08-01 Head of Administration Bureau, Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters
• 1936-08-01 – 1937-03-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Keijo (Seoul)
• 1937-03-01 – 1938-07-15 Chief of General Affairs Section, Military Police (Kempeitai), Kanto Area
• 1938-07-15 – 1940-03-09 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Kanto Area
• 1940-03-09 – 1940-12-02 Commandant of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Academy
• 1940-12-02 – 1941-07-01 Director-General of the Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters
• 1941-07-01 – 1942-08-01 Head of Military Police (Kempeitai), Northern China Area Army

Sogawa, Lieutenant-General Jirō (1890-1963) Japan

• 1938-07-14 – 1941-03-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), China Garrison Army

Suzuki, General Sōsaku (1891-1945) Japan

• 1934-12-26 – 1935-08-01 Chief of Security Section, Military Police (Kempeitai) Kanto

Takachi, Major-General Motō (1894-1963) Japan

• 1937-03-01 – 1938-07-15 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Kumamoto
• 1938-07-15 – 1938-12-20 Senior Staff Officer, Military Police (Kempeitai), Central China Expeditionary Army
• 1938-12-20 – 1939-08-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Nanjing
• 1939-08-01 – 1941-04-21 Chief of General Affairs Section, Military Police (Kempeitai), Central China Expeditionary Army
• 1941-04-21 – 1943-08-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Kurume
• 1943-08-02 – 1945-09-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Korea

Takeuchi, Lieutenant-General Hiroshi (1889-1952) Japan

• 1940-03-09 – 1941-04-01 Head of Military Police (Kempeitai), Kwantung Army

Tamaoka, Major-General Iwao (1896-1945) Japan

• 1945-04-30 – 1945-08-25 Head of Military Police (Kempeitai), Qiqihar [China]

Tanaka, General Shizuichi (1887-1945) Japan

• 1936-08-01 – 1937-08-02 Head of General Affairs Bureau, Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters
• 1937-08-02 – 1938-08-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Kanto Area
• 1938-08-02 – 1939-08-02 Provost Marshal
• 1940-09-28 – 1941-10-15 Provost Marshal

Tanikawa, Major-General Kazuo (1899-1954) Japan

• 1945-08-XX – 1945-09-02 Attached to Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters

Teshima, Lieutenant-General Fusatarō (1889-1979) Japan

• 1940-03-09 – 1940-08-01 Head of General Affairs Bureau, Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters
• 1940-08-01 – 1940-09-28 Provost Marshal

Tōjō, General Hideki (1884-1948) Japan

• 1935-09-21 – 1937-03-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Kwantung Army

Wachi, Lieutenant-General Takaji (1893-1978) Japan

• 1945-08-27 – 1945-09-02 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Hiroshima

Yanagishita, Lieutenant-General Shigeharu (1886-1953) Japan

• 1937-08-02 – 1938-08-13 Head of General Affairs Bureau, Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters

Yano, Lieutenant-General Otosaburō (1888-1950) Japan

• 1940-07-22 – 1941-06-24 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), China Garrison Army
• 1941-06-24 – 1941-06-30 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Northern China Area Army

Yokoyama, Major-General Kenzō (1892-1981) Japan

• 1939-08-01 – 1940-08-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Hiroshima
• 1940-08-01 – 1941-04-27 Chief of 1st Section, Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters
• 1941-04-27 – 1942-07-12 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Central China Expeditionary Army
• 1942-07-12 – 1943-03-01 Attached to Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters
• 1943-03-01 – 1944-03-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Nagoya
• 1944-03-01 – 1944-08-01 Attached to Military Police (Kempeitai) Headquarters

Yuri, Major-General Kametarō (1888-1967) Japan

• 1934-04-16 – 1936-03-01 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Chengde
• 1938-08-13 – 1941-10-15 Head of the Military Police (Kempeitai), Chengde

Charles Lucas Engineering

Charles Lucas Engineering were manufacturers of Titan Formula cars from 1967 to 1976 and engines and componants for racing cars.

Origins

Charles Lucas was a qualified engineer had started racing in the early 1960's. In 1963 his friends got involved with the then new Formula 3 class of cars. In 1964 Lucas had a clone Lotus 31 built for him by Roy Thomas. In 1965 he managed and raced in a team with Brabham BT10's. This was so successful that Colin Chapman had Charles Lucas Engineering run the Lotus Formula 3 works team in 1966. A disagreement between Colin Chapman and Charles Lucas over bonus money resulted in the parting ways, with Lucas going on to start building his own cars in Highgate, London with his partner, Roy Thomas. The factory was moved to a purpose built facility in Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire in February 1968.

Titan Formula Cars

Titan racing cars were open seaters raced in Formula 2, Formula 3, and Formula's Ford, Libre, Renault, and Atlantic events. The last model made by Titan was the Mark 10, with the final car being made in 1976.

Mark 3

The first Titan racing car was the Titan Mark 3. It debuted at Silverstone on 15 July 1967 and won the race with Charles Lucas at the wheel. The car was powered by a prototype downdraft MAE engine and the win resulted in Charles Lucas Engineering receiving 100 orders for the engine the next day. This engine was to become the mainstay of Formula 3 racing until 1970 when the Formula 3 specifications were changed.

Mark 4

A Mark 3 car converted to Formula Ford specifications in 1968.

Mark 5

The Mark 5, created in 1969, was a Mark 4 modified to take the Hewland Mk8 gearbox. The were also some other more minor modifications over the Mark 4.

Mark 6

The Mark 6 was introduced in 1970 in response to the ever improving design of Formula Ford cars by other manufacturers. The car had improved front suspension and the bodywork was redesigned to improve down force and airflow. More than 300 were built between 1969 and 1974.

Mark 7

A super V project that did not proceed.

Mark 8

The Mark 8 was a failure and led to the demise of Titan's racing car manufacture. It had been hastily put into production without sufficient testing. As a result of its poor performance Titan had to make an update kit for the car while it set about development of the Mark 9

Mark 9

Replacement for the poor performing Mark 8

Mark 10

Three Mark 10's were made between 1973 and 1976. They were designed by Chris Lucas and George Pike and designed primarily for Formula Renault events.

Engines and componants

From 1976 Titan switched its focus solely to engine construction and race car component manufacture. The companies name changed to Titan Motorsport and Manufacturing Ltd and in 2010 was owned and managed by Diana Thomas and Oz Timms, employees of the original company. Titan manufacture racing components which are used by companies such as Lola, Dallara, Caterham, Cosworth, and Morgan cars. They also manufacture components for early Cosworth and Formula ford engines.

Pre 1945 fastest cars

Prior to 1945 most of the fastest cars were coach built - that is having specially or individually built bodywork rather than production cars.

For the purposes of this list, pre 1945 coach built or production cars which qualify are those which were:

1. constructed principally for retail sale to consumers, for their personal use, to transport people on public roads (no commercial, racing specials, or industrial vehicles are eligible)
2. available for commercial sale to the public in the same specification as the vehicle used to achieve the record
3. pre-1945 vehicles must be made by the original vehicle manufacturer and not modified by either professional tuners or individuals
4. street-legal in its intended markets

The origin of the top speed is specified and may include the manufacturers claimed top speed where no alternative is available.

Year	Make and model	Type (coach or production)	Top Speed	Origin of recorded speed	Comment
1901	Mercedes 35 hp	Coach	47 mph (76 km/h)	No yet found	Developed from the racing version which had a 53mph top speed
1902	Mercedes Simplex	Coach	111.8 km/h (69 mph)
1906	Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost	Coach	78.2 mph (126 km/h)	Claim on website
1919	Hispano-Suiza H6B	Coach	85 mph (137 km/h)
1921	Bentley 3 Litre Speed Model	Coach	90 mph (145 km/h)
1924	Hispano-Suiza H6C	Coach	110 mph (177 km/h)
1926	Bentley Speed Six	Coach	125 mph (201 km/h)
1929	Blower Bentley	Coach	130 mph (209 km/h)

No. 226 Group (RAF)

No. 226 (Fighter) Group was formed on 18 January 1942 in Singapore from all the remaining fighter squadrons there for the defense of Singapore. With the fall of Singapore the group was reformed on 13 February at Palembang under Group Captain Stanley Vincent. It had 50 Hawker Hurricanes, 48 from Squadrons 232 and 258 on HMS Indomitable (92), along with the remnants of other Singapore based squadrons 242 (Canadian) RAF, 605 RAF and 453 Brewster Buffalo RAAF squadron. With the invasion of Sumatra the Group was transferred to Java.

Java

The Group was included in CenGroup for the defense of Java and were joined by no more than 25 US Far East Air Force No. 17 Pursuit Group P-40's. Japanese attacks destroyed most of the aircraft either in combat or on the ground. Not formally disbanded, but ceased to exist in March 1942 with the fall of Java.

Karachi

The Group was reformed at 301 MU Drigh Road, Karachi on 9 May 1942 under Group Captain Lesley Iles as No. 226 (Maintenance) Group. It was moved to Clifton, Karachi on 16 June and then to Palam on 16 January 1943. On 1 February 1945 Group Captain Wilbert Leslie Freebody replaced Iles as the Group's commanding officer. The Group was disbanded on 31 July 1946 with its units being transferred to No. 2 (Indian) Group.