This is a list of minerals, mineraloids, and other materials used as gemstones and ornamental stones of various grades. This compilation includes rare collector's gems, which are sometimes unsuitable for use in jewelry due to softness, light and heat sensitivity, water solubility, or in rare cases, radioactivity.
Minerals edit
- actinolite
- adamite
- aegirine
- aeschynite
- afghanite
- ajoite
- allanite
- amblygonite / montebrasite
- analcime
- anapaite
- anatase
- andalusite
- anglesite
- anhydrite (angelite)
- apatite
- armenite
- axinite
- azurite
- baddeleyite
- bahianite
- barite
- bastnäsite
- bayldonite
- benitoite
- beryl
- beryllonite
- bixbyite
- boleite
- boracite
- bowenite
- brazilianite
- bronzite
- brookite
- brucite
- burbankite
- bustamite
- bytownite
- cancrinite
- carbon
- calcium carbonate
- cancrinite
- carletonite
- carrolite
- cassiterite
- catapleite
- cavansite
- celestine (celestite)
- ceruleite
- cerussite
- chambersite
- charlesite
- charoite
- childrenite
- chkalovite
- chondrodite
- chrysoberyl
- alexandrite
- cymophane
- chrysocolla
- cinnabar
- clinochlore (seraphinite)
- clinohumite
- clinozoisite
- cobaltocalcite
- cohenite ("campbellite")
- colemanite
- cordierite (iolite, dichroite)
- corundum
- covellite
- creedite
- crocoite
- cryolite
- cuprite
- cuproadamite
- danburite
- datolite
- diaspore
- diopside
- dioptase
- dolomite
- domeykite
- dumortierite
- durangite
- edenite
- ekanite
- enstatite (chrome-enstatite)
- eosphorite
- epidote
- ettringite
- euclase
- eucryptite
- eudialyte
- euxenite
- feldspar
- ferroaxinite
- fluorite
- friedelite
- gadolinite
- gahnite
- gahnospinel
- galena
- garnet
- gaspeite
- genthelvite
- gorgeyite
- grandidierite
- gold
- görgeyite
- gypsum
- alabaster (modern)
- hackmanite
- halite
- hambergite
- hauynite
- hematite
- hemimorphite
- herderite
- hodgkinsonite
- howlite
- hubnerite
- humite
- hydroxylherderite
- hypersthene
- ilmenite
- iolite
- jadeite (jade)
- jeremejevite
- johachidolite
- kaliborite
- kammererite
- kentbrooksite
- kinoite
- kornerupine
- kurnakovite
- kyanite
- lawsonite
- lazulite
- lazurite
- legrandite
- leifite
- lepidolite
- leucite
- liddicoatite
- lizardite
- londonite
- magnesioaxinite
- magnesioriebeckite
- magnesite
- magnetite
- majorite
- malachite
- manganotantalite
- meliphanite
- mellite (honeystone)
- microlite
- milarite
- mimetite
- monazite
- montebrasite
- mordenite
- mosandrite
- muscovite
- musgravite
- myrickite
- nambulite
- narsarsukite
- natrolite
- nepheline
- neptunite
- nifontovite
- olivine
- olmiite
- orpiment
- painite
- papagoite
- pargasite
- parisite
- pectolite
- periclase
- petalite
- pezzottaite
- phenakite
- phosgenite
- phosphophyllite
- phosphosiderite
- plancheite
- platinum
- poldervaartite
- pollucite
- poudretteite
- powellite
- prehnite
- proustite
- psilomelane
- pumpellyite
- purpurite
- pyrargyrite
- pyrite
- pyrophyllite
- pyroxmangite
- quartz
- remondite
- rhodizite
- rhodochrosite
- rhodonite
- richterite
- roselite
- rutile
- samarskite
- sapphirine
- scapolite
- scheelite
- scolecite
- scorzalite
- selenite
- sellaite
- sepiolite
- serandite
- seraphinite
- serendibite
- serpentine
- antigorite
- bowenite (tangawaite)
- williamsite
- chrysotile
- lizardite
- antigorite
- shattuckite
- shomiokite
- shortite
- siberite
- siderite
- sillimanite
- silver
- simpsonite
- sinhalite
- smithsonite
- sodalite
- sogdianite
- spessartine
- sphalerite
- spinel
- spodumene
- spurrite
- staurolite
- stibiotantalite
- stichtite
- stilbite
- strengite
- strontianite
- sugilite
- suolunite
- taaffeite
- talc
- tenorite
- tephroite
- thaumasite
- thomsonite
- thorianite
- thorite
- titanite (sphene)
- topaz
- tourmaline
- tremolite
- triphane
- triphylite
- tugtupite
- turquoise
- ulexite
- unakite
- ussingite
- valentinite
- variscite
- vayrynenite
- vesuvianite
- villiaumite (cyprine, idocrase)
- viridine
- vlasovite
- wardite
- wavellite
- weloganite
- whewellite
- wilkeite
- willemite
- wilsonite
- witherite
- wollastonite
- wulfenite
- xenotime
- xonotllite
- yugawaralite
- zektzerite
- zincite
- zircon (hyacinth)
- zoisite
- zunyote
Inorganic mineraloids and rocks edit
- agalmatolite (pagodite)
- argillite
- astridite
- basalt
- basanite
- bauxite
- bowesite
- breccia
- canalize
- carmazul
- catlinite (pipestone)
- chloromelantite (kosmochlor jade)
- conglomerate
- cumberlandite
- daisy stone
- diorite
- geode
- gneiss
- goodletite (ruby rock)
- granite
- greenstone
- kakortokite
- kikkaseki
- lapis lazuli
- larvikite
- laterite
- limestone
- marble
- mawsitsit
- migmatite
- obsidian
- opal
- pegmatite
- porphyry
- quartzite
- rhyolite
- sandstone
- saussurite
- schist
- septarium
- siltstone
- skarn
- slate
- soapstone
- tektite
- thunderegg
- travertine
- tuff
- yalakomite
Stones of organic origin edit
Synthetics and simulants edit
Naturally occurring inorganic pigments edit
- antimony trioxide (as senarmontite and valentinite)
- arsenic trisulfide (orpiment)
- azurite
- barium copper silicate (Han blue) (as effenbergerite)
- barium sulfate (as barite)
- cadmium sulfide (Cadmium Yellow) (as greenockite and hawleyite)
- calcium copper silicate (Egyptian blue) (as cuprorivaite)
- chromium(III) oxide (viridian) (as eskolaite)
- copper(II) acetoarsenite (Paris Green) (similar to chalcophyllite, conichalcite, cornubite, cornwallite, and liroconite)
- iron(II) oxide) (as wüstite)
- iron(II) sulfate) (copperas)
- iron(II,III) oxide (as magnetite)
- iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (sienna) (as akaganéite, feroxyhyte, goethite, lepidocrocite, limonite, siderogel)
- kaolinite
- lead carbonate (Venetian ceruse, white lead) (as hydrocerussite)
- lead tetroxide (red lead) (as minium)
- lead(II) antimonate (Naples yellow) (as bindheimite)
- lead(II) chromate (chrome yellow) (as crocoite)
- lead(II) oxide (as litharge and massicot)
- mercuric sulfide (vermilion) (as cinnabar)
- stannic sulfide (mosaic gold) (as berndtite)
- tetraarsenic tetrasulfide (as pararealgar and realgar)
- titanium dioxide (as anatase, brookite, and rutile)
- ultramarine
- zinc oxide (as zincite)
- zinc phosphate (as hopeite and parahopeite)
Non-naturally occurring inorganic pigments edit
- barium borate
- barium copper silicate (Han purple)
- cadmium green
- cadmium orange
- cadmium red
- calcium chromate
- carbon (graphite, India ink)
- chrome orange
- cobalt green
- cobalt(II) aluminate (cobalt blue)
- copper hydrogen arsenite (Scheele's green)
- iron(II,III) hexacyanoferrate(II,III) (Prussian blue)
- lithopone
- titanium yellow
Natural organic dyes and pigments edit
- 1,3-Dihydroxyanthraquinone (purpuroxanthin) (from Rubia cordifolia)
- 1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone (quinizarin) (from Rubia tinctorium)
- 6,6'-Dibromoindigo (Tyrian purple) (from Bolinus brandaris, Hexaplex trunculus, and Stramonita haemastoma)
- alizarin (madder) (from Rubia argyi, Rubia cordifolia and Rubia tinctorum)
- aurantinidin (from Alstroemeria and Impatiens aurantiaca)
- betanin (from Beta vulgaris)
- bixin (achiote, annatto) (from Bixa orellana)
- brazilin (from Caesalpinia echinata and Caesalpinia sappan)
- carminic acid (carmine) (cochineal) (from Dactylopius coccus and Porphyrophora polonica)
- carthamin (safflower) (from Carthamus tinctorius)
- chrysoine resorcinol (alkanet) (from Alkanna tinctoria)
- copper(II) acetate (verdigris)
- crimson (kermes) (from Kermes vermilio)
- crocin (saffron) (from Crocus and Gardenia)
- curcumin (from Curcuma longa)
- haematoxylin (from Haematoxylum campechianum)
- indigotin (añil, indigo, woad) (from Indigofera caroliniana, Indigofera suffruticosa, Indigofera tinctoria, Isatis tinctoria, and Polygonum tinctorum)
- juglone (from Juglans nigra and Juglans regia)
- kamala (from Mallotus discolor and Mallotus philippensis)
- lac (from Kerria lacca et al.)
- lawsone (henna) (from Impatiens balsamica and Lawsonia inermis)
- luteolin (from Reseda luteola)
- magnesium euxanthate (Indian yellow)
- morin (fustic) (from Maclura pomifera, Maclura tinctoria, and Psidium guajava)
- morindone (from Morinda citrifolia and Morinda tinctoria)
- orcein (cudbear, litmus, orchil) (from Roccella tinctoria)
- phlobaphene (kino red, tormentil) (from Butea frondosa, Cola, Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus fibrosa, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Pterocarpus marsupium, and Theobroma cacao)
- purpurin (madder) (from Rubia argyi, Rubia cordifolia and Rubia tinctorum)
- quercitron (from Acacia catechu, Cotinus coggygria', Fagopyrum esculentum, Quercus velutina, Rhamnus cathartica)
- shikonin (gromwell, murasaki, puccoon (from Lithospermum canescens, Lithospermum caroliniense , Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Lithospermum incisum, Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum, and Sanguinaria canadensis)
- yeheb (from Cordeauxia edulis)