This page includes some cladograms on the Carnivoramorpha and related material being written for use in wikipedia articles.
Carnivoramorpha edit
Wesley-Hunt & Flynn (2005) edit
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Spalding et al (2010) edit
Based on the tree in Spalding et al (2010).[1]
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Based on cladistic analysis by Wesley-Hunt & Flynn (2005),[2] with additions as made by Wesley-Hunt & Werdelin (2005), Polly et al (2006), Spalding & Flynn (2009), Spaudling et al (2010), Tomiya (2011).
Quercygale angustidens[3] Vivarravus acutis[4] “Miacis” uintensis[5] Dawsonicyon isami[1] Lycophocyon hutchisoni[6] (note Goswami in citation)
Sole et al (2014,2016) edit
Cladogram based on morphological analysis of Sole et al (2014, Figures 9 & 10), with additional species from Sole et al (2016).[7][8]
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Viverravidae edit
Taxonomy retrieved from the Paleobiology Database[9]
- Family †Viverravidae Wortman and Matthew 1899 (synonym: Didymictidae Flynn and Galiano 1982)
- Genus †Didymictis Cope 1875
- †Didymictis altidens Cope 1880
- †Didymictis leptomylus Cope 1880
- †Didymictis protenus Cope 1874 (synonym: Didymictis curtidens Cope 1882)
- †Didymictis proteus Polly 1997 (synonym: Didymictis dellensis Dorr 1952)
- †Didymictis vancleveae Robinson 1966
- Genus †Orientictis Huang and Zheng 2005
- †Orientictis spanios Huang and Zheng 2005
- Genus †Preonictis Tong and Wang 2006
- †Preonictis youngi Tong and Wang 2006
- Genus †Protictis Matthew
- Subgenus. †Protictis (Bryanictis) MacIntyre 1966
- †Bryanictis microlestes Simpson 1935
- †Bryanictis paulus Meehan and Wilson 2002
- Subg. †Protictis (Protictis) Matthew 1937
- Subg. †Protictis (Protictoides) Flynn and Galiano 1982
- †Protictoides aprophatos Flynn and Galiano 1982
- †Protictis agastor Gingerich and Winkler 1985
- †Protictis haydenianus Cope 1882 (synonyms: Didymictis primus Cope 1884, Prolimnocyon macfaddeni Rigby, Jr. 1980)
- †Protictis minor Meehan and Wilson 2002
- †Protictis paralus Holtzman 1978
- †Protictis simpsoni Meehan and Wilson 2002
- Subgenus. †Protictis (Bryanictis) MacIntyre 1966
- Genus †Simpsonictis MacIntyre 1962
- †Simpsonictis jaynanneae Rigby, Jr. 1980
- †Simpsonictis pegus Gingerich and Winkler 1985
- †Simpsonictis tenuis Simpson 1935
- G. †Variviverra Tong and Wang 2006
- †Variviverra vegetatus Tong and Wang 2006
- Genus †Viverravus Marsh 1872
- †Viverravus acutus Matthew and Granger 1915
- †Viverravus gracilis Marsh 1872 (type species)(synonyms: Didymictis dawkinsianus Cope 1881, Harpalodon vulpinus Marsh 1872, Triacodon fallax Marsh 1871, Ziphacodon rugatus Marsh 1872)
- †Viverravus lawsoni Hooker 2010
- †Viverravus laytoni Gingerich and Winkler 1985 (synonym: Viverravus bowni Gingerich 1987)
- †Viverravus lutosus Gazin 1952
- †Viverravus minutus Wortman 1901
- †Viverravus nitidus Marsh 1872
- †Viverravus politus Matthew and Granger 1915 (synonym: Protictis schaffi Gingerich and Winkler 1985)
- †Viverravus rosei Polly 1997
- †Viverravus sicarius Matthew 1909 (synonym: Ziphacodon Marsh 1872)
- Genus †Viverriscus Beard and Dawson 2009
- †Viverriscus omnivorus Beard and Dawson 2009
- incertae sedis:
- Deltatherium durini Van Valen 1978 [nomen dubium] (syonym: Prolimnocyon durini )
- Prolimnocyon macfaddeni Rigby, 1980[10]
- Genus †Didymictis Cope 1875
Creodonta edit
Proviverrinae edit
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Miacidae edit
Miacis Systematics(from Catalan article) edit
 | This page contains a translation of Miacis from ca.wikipedia. |
External systemtics edit
[[Fitxer:Miacidae indet skeleton.JPG|thumb|230px|right|Miacidae sp. a l'MNHN de París]]
Miacis is the type genus of the family Miacidae, a group of primitive carnivoramorphs that appeared in North America during the Tiffanian faunal stage (corresponding to the end of Selandian and beginning of the Thanetian in the ICS Geologic timescale). Most groups of miacids remained in America, but some genera (Miacis, Paramiacis, Chailicyon, Quercygale and Pugiodens) spread to Eurasia. The miacids had a similar appearance to the Martes today.
The following genera make up the family of Miacidae:
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Taxonomy edit
- section added to Miacis article
Since Edward Drinker Cope first described the genus Miacis in 1872, at least twenty other species have been assigned to Miacis. However, these species share few synapomorphies other than plesiomorphic characteristics of Miacids in general. This reflects the fact that Miacis has been treated as a wastebasket taxon and contains a diverse collection of species that belong to the stemgroup within the Carnivoramorpha.[13] Many of the species originally assigned to Miacis have since been assigned to other genera and, apart from the type species, Miacis parvivorus, the remaining species are usually referred to parenthetically (e.g. Miacis latidens). The following table lists the Miacis species in chronological order of their original description and notes the reassignments to other genera.
| Species | Authority | Type locality | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| M. parvivorus | Cope, 1872[14] | Black's Fork of Green River, Bridger Formation (Wyoming, USA) | Type species. Alteratively Viverravus parvivorus and Vulpavus parvivorus |
| M. sylvestris | Marsh, 1872[15] | Bridger Formation (Wyoming, USA) | Harpalodon sylvestris according to J. L. Wortman 1901[16] |
| M. vulpinus | Scott & Osborn, 1887[17] | Uinta Basin (Utah, USA) | Described as Amphicyon vulpinum; assigned to Miacis by Matthew (1909)[18] |
| M. uintensis | Osborn 1895[19] | Uinta Basin (Utah, USA) | now assigned to Prodaphaenus uintensis Friscia & Rasmussen 2010[20] |
| M. hargeri | Wortman, 1901[21] | Bridger Formation (Wyoming, USA) | |
| M. medius | Matthew, 1909[18] | Bridger Formation (Wyoming, USA) | |
| M. exiguus | Matthew & Granger, 1915[22] | Clark's Fork Basin (Wyoming, USA) | |
| M. latidens | |||
| M. invictus | Matthew & Granger, 1925[23] | Irdin Manha Formation (Inner Mongolia, China) | |
| M. hookwayi | Stock, 1934[24] | Tapo Canyon (California, USA) | |
| M. gracilis | Clark, 1939[25] | Uinta Basin (Utah, USA) | now assigned to Procynodictis vulpiceps |
| M. latouri | Quinet, 1966 | now assigned to Dormaalocyon latouri[7] | |
| M. lushiensis | Chow, 1975 | Shanghuang Quarry (Jiangsu, China) | |
| M. deutschi | Gingerich, 1983[26] | Clark's Fork Basin (Wyoming, USA) | |
| M. petilus | |||
| M. australis | Gustafson, 1986[27] | Rifle Range Hollow or Blue Cliff Horizon (Texas, USA) | now assigned to Angelarctocyon australis[28] |
| M. cognitus | Reeves Bonebed (Texas, USA) | now assigned to Gustafsonia cognita in Caniformia[28] | |
| M. boqinghensis | Huang et al., 1986[29] | Huoshipo, Guojiazhuang Village, Hedi Formation (China) | |
| M. rundlei | Hooker, 2010 | now assigned to Gracilocyon rundlei [7] | |
| M. washakius | |||
| M. winkleri | Gingerich, 1983 | Gracilocyon winkleri (type species)[7] | |
| M. solei | Smith & Smith, 2010 | Gracilocyon solei[7] | |
| M. rosei | Heinrich et al., 2008 | Gracilocyon rosei[7] | |
| M. thailandicus |
References edit
- ^ a b Spaulding, Michelle; Flynn, John J.; Stucky, Richard K. (2010). "A new basal Carnivoramorphan (Mammalia) from the 'Bridger B' (Black's Fork member, Bridger Formation, Bridgerian Nalma, middle Eocene) of Wyoming, USA". Palaeontology. 53 (4): 815–832. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00963.x. ISSN 0031-0239.
- ^ Wesley‐Hunt, Gina D.; Flynn, John J. (2005). "Phylogeny of the carnivora: Basal relationships among the carnivoramorphans, and assessment of the position of 'miacoidea' relative to carnivora". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 3 (1): 1–28. doi:10.1017/S1477201904001518. ISSN 1477-2019.
- ^ Wesley-Hunt, G.D.; Werdelin, L. (2005). "Basicranial morphology and phylogenetic position of the upper Eocene carnivoramorphan Quercygale" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 50 (4): 837–846. Retrieved 2017-02-25.
- ^ Polly, P. David; Wesley-Hunt, Gina D.; Heinrich, Ronald E.; Davis, Graham; Houde, Peter (2006). "EARLIEST KNOWN CARNIVORAN AUDITORY BULLA AND SUPPORT FOR A RECENT ORIGIN OF CROWN-GROUP CARNIVORA (EUTHERIA, MAMMALIA)". Palaeontology. 49 (5): 1019–1027. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00586.x. ISSN 0031-0239.
- ^ Spaulding, Michelle; Flynn, John J. (2009). "Anatomy of the postcranial skeleton of "Miacis"uintensis(Mammalia: Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (4): 1212–1223. doi:10.1671/039.029.0408. ISSN 0272-4634.
- ^ Goswami, Anjali; Tomiya, Susumu (2011). "A New Basal Caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Middle Eocene of North America and Remarks on the Phylogeny of Early Carnivorans". PLoS ONE. 6 (9): e24146. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024146. ISSN 1932-6203.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c d e f Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). "Dental and tarsal anatomy of 'Miacis'latouriand a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. ISSN 0272-4634.
- ^ Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634.
- ^ Paleobiology Database. Retrieved with Fossilworks (March 3, 2017)
- ^ Zack, Shawn P. (2012). "Deciduous dentition of Didymictis(Carnivoramorpha: Viverravidae): implications for the first appearance of "Creodonta"". Journal of Mammalogy. 93 (3): 808–817. doi:10.1644/11-MAMM-A-245.1. ISSN 0022-2372.
- ^ Solé, Floréal; Falconnet, Jocelyn; Yves, Laurent (2014). "New proviverrines (Hyaenodontida) from the early Eocene of Europe; phylogeny and ecological evolution of the Proviverrinae" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 171 (4): 878–917. doi:10.1111/zoj.12155. ISSN 0024-4082.
- ^ Solé, Floréal; Falconnet, Jocelyn; Vidalenc, Dominique; Goswami, Anjali (2015). "New fossil Hyaenodonta (Mammalia, Placentalia) from the Ypresian and Lutetian of France and the evolution of the Proviverrinae in southern Europe". Palaeontology. 58 (6): 1049–1072. doi:10.1111/pala.12198. ISSN 0031-0239.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Sole2014"was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ E. D. Cope. 1872. Third account of new Vertebrata from the Bridger Eocene of Wyoming Valley. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (separate) 1-4 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
- ^ O. C. Marsh. 1872. Preliminary description of new Tertiary mammals. Part II. American Journal of Science 4(21):202-224
- ^ J. L. Wortman. 1901. Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum. The American Journal of Science, series 4 12:193-206 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
- ^ W. B. Scott and H. F. Osborn. 1887. Preliminary Report on the Vertebrate Fossils of the Uinta Formation, Collected by the Princeton Expedition of 1886. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 24(126):255-264 [J. Marcot/J. Marcot]
- ^ a b W. D. Matthew. 1909. The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
- ^ H. F. Osborn. 1895. Fossil mammals of the Uinta Basin. Expedition of 1894. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 7(2):71-105
- ^ A. R. Friscia and D. T. Rasmussen. 2010. Middle Eocene Carnivoramorpha of the Uinta Basin, Utah. Annals of Carnegie Museum 79(1):51-63 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
- ^ J. L. Wortman. 1901-1902. Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum,- Part 1: Carnivora. American Journal of Science
- ^ W. D. Matthew and W. Granger. 1915. A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River faunas. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34(1):1-103
- ^ W. D. Matthew and W. Granger. 1925. New mammals from the Irdin Manha Eocene of Mongolia. American Museum Novitates (198)1-10 [K. Beard/K. Beard]
- ^ C. Stock. 1934. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 20(7)
- ^ Clark, John. 1939. Miacis gracilis, a new carnivore from the Uinta Eocene. Annals of The Carnegie Museum 27, 349--370
- ^ P. D. Gingerich. 1983. Systematics of Early Eocene Miacidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) in the Clark's Fork Basin, Wyoming. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 26(10):197-225
- ^ E. P. Gustafson. 1986. Carnivorous mammals of the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 33:1-66 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
- ^ a b Tomiya, Susumu; Tseng, Zhijie Jack (2016). "Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene 'Miacis' from Texas, USA, and the origin of Amphicyonidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)". Royal Society Open Science. 3 (10): 160518. doi:10.1098/rsos.160518. ISSN 2054-5703.
- ^ X.-S. Huang, Y.-S. Tong, and J.-W. Wang. 1999. A new Miacis (Mammalia Carnivora, Miacidae) from the Middle Eocene of Yuanqu Basin, Shanxi Province. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 37(4):291-299 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]