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User:Jnestorius/Hanged in Ireland

< User:Jnestorius

Statistics edit

The Court of Criminal Appeal ordered 12 retrials in murder cases from 1928 to 1967.[1]

Murders in the Irish state, 1925–1962[2]
Year Charged Convicted Executed
1925 39 5 3
1926 46 7 3
1927 35 2 1
1928 13 1 1
1929 18 6 1
1930 12 1 —
1931 9 2 1
1932 7 2 1
1933 11 — —
1934 10 1 1
1935 14 3 —
1936 14 1 —
1937 10 4 1
1938 11 2 1
1939 6 1 —
1940 9 3 3
1941 9 2 2
1942 4 1 1
1943 16 4 2
1944 5 1 1
1945 4 2 1
1946 4 1 —
1947 3 1 1
1948 12 4 1
1949 2 1 —
1950 6 — —
1951 1 1 —
1952 3 — —
1953 6 — —
1954 2 2 1
1955 2 — —
1956 3 — —
1957 5 1 —
1958 7 — —
1959 7 3 —
1960 — 1 —
1961 4 — —
1962 2 2 —

Executed edit

Date of crime Location Convicted Victims Tried Executed Notes Ref
1923-zzzcrime zzzloc William Downs Thomas Fitzgerald 1923-zzztried 1923-11-29 Det. Insp. [3]
1923-zzzcrime zzzloc Thomas Delaney Patrick Hogan 1923-zzztried 1923-12-12 Robbery murder [4]
1923-zzzcrime zzzloc Thomas McDonagh woman 1923-zzztried 1923-12-12 zzznotes [5]
1923-zzzcrime zzzloc Peter Hynes Thomas Grimstone 1923-zzztried 1923-12-15 zzznotes [6]
1924-zzzcrime zzzloc Jeremiah Gaffney Thomas Brosnan 1924-zzztried 1924-03-13 zzznotes [7]
1924-zzzcrime zzzloc Felix McMullen Patrick O'Hallaran 1924-zzztried 1924-08-01 Garda [8]
1925-zzzcrime zzzloc Cornelius O'Leary Patrick O'Leary () 1925-zzztried 1925-07-28 brother [9]
1925-zzzcrime zzzloc Annie Walsh Edward Walsh 1925-zzztried 1925-08-05 Edward was Annie's husband and Talbot's uncle. [10]
Michael Talbot 1925-zzztried 1925-08-05
1926-zzzcrime zzzloc James Myles John Smith snr. & jnr. 1926-zzztried 1926-07-15 zzznotes [11]
1926-zzzcrime zzzloc James McHugh old man 1926-zzztried 1926-11-24 Robbery/murder [12]
1926-zzzcrime zzzloc Henry McCabe 4 members McDonnell family ( 1926-zzztried 1926-12-09 his employers) plus 2 other servants [13]
1927-zzzcrime zzzloc William O'Neill Mary Farrell 1927-zzztried 1927-12-29 zzznotes [14]
1928-zzzcrime zzzloc Gerard Toal Mary Callan 1928-zzztried 1928-08-29 zzznotes [15]
1929-zzzcrime zzzloc John Cox Jacon Kuntz 1929-zzztried 1929-04-25 zzznotes [16]
1931-zzzcrime zzzloc David O'Shea Ellen O'Sullivan 1931-zzztried 1931-08-04 Rape/murder [17]
1932-zzzcrime zzzloc Patrick McDermott John McDermott () 1932-zzztried 1932-12-29 brother [18]
1934-zzzcrime zzzloc John Fleming Ellen 1934-zzztried 1934-01-05 Wife [19]
1937-zzzcrime zzzloc John Hornick James Redmond 1937-zzztried 1937-06-17 zzznotes [20]
1939-zzzcrime zzzloc Dermot Smith Cornelius Dennehey 1939-zzztried 1939-01-07 zzznotes [21]
1940-zzzcrime zzzloc Patrick McGrath 1940-zzztried 1940-09-06 IRA member court martialled under the EPA 1939.
1940-zzzcrime zzzloc Thomas Harte 1940-zzztried 1940-09-06 IRA member court martialled under the EPA 1939.
1941-zzzcrime zzzloc Daniel Doherty Hannah Doherty 1941-zzztried 1941-01-07 cousin [22]
1941-zzzcrime zzzloc Henry Gleeson Mary McCarthy 1941-zzztried 1941-04-23 zzznotes [23]
1941-zzzcrime zzzloc Richard Goss 1941-zzztried 1941-08-09 Arrested after a shootout in which two soldiers were wounded.[24] IRA member court martialled under the EPA 1939.[24] According to Tim Pat Coogan, the government sent the IRA a secret message that if Stephen Hayes were released Goss would not be shot.[25]
1941-zzzcrime zzzloc Patrick Kelly Mary Breheny 1941-zzztried 1941-12-18 zzznotes [26]
1942-zzzcrime zzzloc George Plant 1942-zzztried 1942-03-05 IRA member court martialled under the EPA 1939.
1942-zzzcrime zzzloc Maurice O'Neill 1942-zzztried 1942-11-12 Shot at police. IRA member court martialled under the EPA 1939.
1943-zzzcrime zzzloc Bernard Kirwan Lawrence Kirwan 1943-zzztried 1943-06-02 brother [27]
1943-zzzcrime zzzloc William O'Shea Maureen 1943-zzztried 1943-08-12 Wife [28][29]
1944-zzzcrime zzzloc Charles Kerins 1944-zzztried 1944-12-01 IRA member tried by the Special Criminal Court. [30]
1945-zzzcrime zzzloc James Lehman , Margaret 1945-zzztried 1945-03-19 Wife [31]
1947-zzzcrime zzzloc Joseph McManus Alice Gerard 1947-zzztried 1947-03-31 girlfriend [32]
1948-zzzcrime zzzloc William Gambon John Long 1948-zzztried 1948-11-24 zzznotes [33]
1954-zzzcrime zzzloc Michael Manning Catherine Cooper 1954-zzztried 1954-04-20 Rape/murder of a nurse [34]

Jurisdiction edit

Until 1729 all serious offences in Dublin city and county had to be tried at King's Bench.[35] [I guess this is lack of the Assizes applicable in other counties;[36] similar for London?] Act 3 Geo.2 c.15 provided commissioners of oyer and terminer or of gaol delivery could sit in "that part of the King's Court where the Court of King's Bench sits".[35] The Act 3 Geo.3 c.25 provided that Four Courts and Green Street Courthouse in both city and county.[35] Commission always in Green St since completed except when use for city MP election.[35] Post 1922 all murder trials were before "Dublin City Commission", not just those in Dublin [what about Dublin county commission?].[37] Wallace blames backlog from Civil War; maybe fact that it sat 6 times a year against only 2 for assizes?[37] Probably until Courts of Justice Act 1924? Certainly some murderers were tried at local assizes at least up to 1850s if not later; certainly some were transferred to Dublin commission court in 1900 if not earlier. More details maybe in Vaughan 2009. Study of "115 suspected cases of infant murder or concealment of birth that were forwarded for trial to the assizes between 1883 and 1900"[38] shows murder at assizes till at least 1883. Courts of Justice Act 1924 gave no murder jurisdiction to lower courts.[39]

Garda Annual Crime Reports edit

All quotes in public domain (see commons:Template:PD-IrishGov):

  • 1945 p.4:
    County Mayo On 25th June, 1945, the dead body of a boy aged 81/2 years, was found buried under some bushes near his home. He had been missing for 8 days. A Post Mortem examination revealed that death was due to extensive head injuries. A farmer's son was arrested and charged with murder. At the Central Criminal Court on 23rd November, 1945, he was convicted and was sentenced to death. The conviction and sentence were quashed on appeal and a new trial ordered. At the Central Criminal Court on 4th May, 1946, he was found guilty but insane.
    County Monaghan: On 28th September, 1945, an elderly farmer was poisoned and died after eating portion of a sandwich calce which had been left at his home by a neighbouring woman. The woman was charged with tho murder and at the Central Criminal Court on 20th February, 1946, she was convicted and was sentenced to death. An appeal against the conviction and sentence was dismissed. The sentence was, however, subsequently commuted to penal servitude for life.
  • 1948 p.5
    Co. Leix.-On 9th February, 1948, a young married woman died as the result of an abortion. An arrest was made and the accused has been sent for trial
  • 1949 p.5
    CO.Laois.-On 29th May, 1949, a young, unmarried farmer, died under suspicious circumstances at his home. A Post Mortem examination disclosed that his death was caused by strychnine poisoning. A sister of the deceased man was charged with the crime and at the Central Criminal Court on 21st November, 1949, she was convicted of Murder and was sentenced to death. The sentence was confirmed on appeal but was subsequently commuted to Penal Servitude for life
  • 1950 p.5
    Co. Offaly. — On 12th May, 1950, a young girl, employed as a typist by Bord na Mona, was shot dead when on her way to work. Her body was discovered in a clump of furze near the public road. An arrest was made and the accused was convicted and sentenced to death. An appeal was lodged and a re-trial was ordered. The accused was again convicted and sentenced to death. The death sentence was subsequently commuted to one of Penal Servitude for life.
  • 1952 p.5
    Co. Kildare.—On 15th November, 1952, a young girl on a visit from Dublin was fatally stabbed by a young man with whom she had been keeping company for some years, and had just broken an engagement to be married. The offender gave himself up to the Garda. He was subsequently convicted of murder and was sentenced to death. The conviction and sentence were quashed on appeal and a new trial was ordered. He was then found to be insane and incapable of pleading, and was ordered to be detained during the pleasure of the Government.
  • 1956 p.5:
    Dublin Metropolitan Area.—On 21st January, 1956, arising out of an altercation in their home, a 20 year old youth was fatally stabbed in the chest with a knife by his 18 year old brother. The offender was found guilty of Murder and was ordered to be detained during the pleasure of the Government.
  • "Report of Garda Síochána on Crime for the year ended September 30th 1959" (PDF). p. Appendix D. {{cite web}}: Invalid |no-pp=Y (help)
    Co. Kilkenny On 19th January 1959 at 8.30p.m. a 68 year old widow was found unconscious lying in a pool of blood in the kitchen of her home, having obviously received a severe beating with a heavy weapon. Her home had been ransacked. She was removed to hospital where she died some hours later. A 26 year old labourer was convicted of the murder and sentenced to death. The sentence was commuted to imprisonment for life. He was subsequently found to be insane and was committed to the Criminal Lunatic Asylum.
  • 1960 Appendix D
    On 22nd November, 1959, a 26 year old farmer was fatally stabbed in the head with a gimlet by a 33 year old neighbouring farmer as he stood in conversation with a young girl on the public road. The motive was jealousy. The offender was arrested and charged. At the Central Criminal Court he was convicted of Murder and was sentenced to death. Leave to appeal was refused.
  • 1964 Appenmdix D:
    Dublin Metropolitan Area. — On 4th January, 1964, a 58 year old shop assistant was attacked in her shop by a man who was accompanied by a female. An iron bar was used by the assailant who having inflicted fatal head injuries took away the cash from the till. A 20 year old male and a 20 year old female were charged with the crime. The male was sentenced to penal servitude for life and the female was found "not guilty".
    Co. Cork — On 25th April, 1964 a 51 year old farmer was attacked in his bedroom by an intruder whom he disturbed. He was struck several times with an iron bar and received fatal injuries. A 32yearold farm labourer was charged and was sentenced to penal servitude for life.
    Co. Kildare — On 27th June, 1964, a 28 year old housewife was attacked in her home by her 36year old husband, no occupation, who inflicted fatal injuries by stabbing her with a knife and a slash hook. The offender was sentenced to ten years penal servitude.

Reprieved edit

Infanticide from 1922 to 1949 12 women and one man sentenced for murder of infant under 12 months old.[40]

Distinguish

  • convictions overturned
    • on appeal before commutation — eight such 1924–1964 (of which four 1946–64[41]) + 2 later
      1. zzz
      2. zzz
      3. zzz
      4. 1944 (Mrs E. Keogh, infanticide; retrial manslaughter 3 years' penal servitude retrial plea of guilty to manslaughter accepted[42][43]) The "only case in which a woman ... was convicted by a jury but had that conviction quashed on appeal and pleaded guilty at a second trial".[44]
      5. 1945–46 see Garda report
      6. 1946–47 Henry White, murder at SCC 1946,[45] quashed CCA,[46] manslaughter 1947[47]
      7. William Hopkins 15 Nov 1952. m fiancee Theola Susan Curran. guilty, 4-day trial Feb, govt no commute; CCA 16-17 Apr, unfit to plead, CMH[48]
      8. Shan Mohangi 1964, last[49]
      9. Noel Murray
      10. Marie Murray
    • after commutation (Peter Pringle)
    • after execution (Harry Gleeson)
  • sentences commuted after conviction
Date of crime Location Convicted Victims Tried Reprieved Notes Ref
1922-10-31 new Kilnamona, Co Clare John (Sean, Jack) Hogan, rifle James (Seamus) Cullinan November 1923 Commuted to life "just over a week before" 30 November 1923 execution date Hoigan was in the anti-Treaty IRA, on the way to meet comrades, carrying a rifle, when he met Cullinan. He claimed the shooting was accidental. Released October 1932. [50]
12 February 1923 Ballycumber-Ferbane road, Offaly Charles Molloy John (Jack) Finlay, rifle 25 January 1926 19 February (24 execution date) Molloy shot Finlay while robbing his truck delivering alcohol with two others. First commutation signed be TM Healy, the GG. Released June 1932 in general amnesty for Eucharistic Congress of Dublin (1932) [51][52]
August 1922 Patrick Fagan Patrick Moran, shot February 1926 19 February 1926 Fagan and Moran were a private and lieutenant in the National Army. The trial was delayed by the Civil War. Mercy was recommended by the jury and implemented by govt as part of general effort not to dwell on Civil War divisions. [53][52]
15 February 1923 Waterford city William Devereux Anne and Kathleen Devereux, hatchet 22 November 1923 19 December (23 execution date) Anne was William's sister-in-law; Kathleen her 10-month-old daughter. Insanity defence rejected. A witness dided of shock when sentence was passed. Released June 1932 [54]
1 April 1923 Culleenymore, near Beaufort, Co. Kerry Hannah Flynn Margaret O'Sullivan, hatchet 27 February 1924 Within 3 weeks of 27 March execution date Flynn was dismissed by the O'Sullivans in June 1922 after two months as a servant. She stole £600 after the murder. Released November 1942 into custody of Good Shepherd Nuns [55]
21 April 1923 Rochestown, near Mullinavat, Co. Kilkenny Patrick Aylward William Holden 26 November 1923 "last-minute reprieve" from execution due 27 December William was a sickly infant whom Aylward held over a fire to protest at the Holden family's goats straying into his land. Locals including the bishop of Ossory petitioned for clemency, casting doubt on his guilt and impugning the Holdens. Released in Euch Con amnesty [56]
3 December 1923 Scartaglen Jeremiah Gaffney
Denis Leen 		Thomas Brosnan, gunshot 13–15 Feb 1924
20 Feb 1924 		Hanged 13 March 1924
due 20 March, reprieved 21 March [?] 		Cornelius Brosnan insulted Gaffney, who was a National Army lieutenant and the lover of Ellen Keane, the separated wife of Cornelius' brother John. Gaffney and four troops, including Denis Leen, abducted Cornelius' son Thomas; Leen shot him dead. All five were arrested: two were acquitted; one turned state's evidence; two sentenced to death; Gaffney executed. Gaffney wrote a letter stating Leen was following orders and his shot was not the fatal one. Released June 1926 [57]
13 December 1923 Grand Canal at Milltown near Newbridge, Co. Kildare James Murray Joseph Bergin, shot 9-12 June 1925 19 July 1926 Bergin was a soldier in Curragh Camp suspected of passing information to the IRA. Murray was in Army intelligence investigating Bergin. He claimed Bergin's death was an "unofficial execution" ordered by superiors and not committed by him. Leave to appeal the sentence was denied. Died in prison September 1929. Murray's name was a also linked to the death of Noel Lemass. [58][59]
26 Feb-7 Mar 1924 Kilkerran, near Milltown, Co. Cork Hannah O'Leary Patrick O'Leary 23 June 1925 (first; retrial after jury deadlock) 27 July 1925 (due 28 July) Mother Hannah Snr. and siblings Hannah, Mary-Anne, and Con O'Leary charged with murder. All lived on family farm but brothers had not spoken for years. Mother not tried due to lack of evidence. Mary-Anne died on remand. Con hanged. Hannah commuted; released September 1942 to Good Shepherd nuns [60]
Elizabeth Doran her infant child 3rd ult abnormal mentally [61]
30/31 May 1928 Rosmuck Martin Joyce & Annie Walsh Daniel "Sonny" Walsh, drowned in a bog 17 June-18 July 1929 1 August commuted to life; again 1932 to 10 years Sonny was Annie's husband; Joyce was her second cousin and rumoured to be her lover. Many witnesses gave evidence in Irish via an interpreter, lengthening trial. Annie's children's evidence was incriminating. Annie released Jan 1935, Martin December 1936. [62]
2 Mar Mary Anne Keane her newborn Mon last [63]
Mar Catherine Aherne her female infant Tue last [64]
17 June Margaret Finn infant Tues last [65]
26 March 1932 Killinick, near Rosslare, Co Wexford Jane O'Brien John Cousins, shotgun 6 June 1932 18 July signed by GG James O'Neill; hanging due 25 July Cousins was about to marry and had told O'Brien, his aunt, to move out of the family farm after 10 years. Released July 1941 [66]
16 October 1935 Near Fuery, Co Roscommon Elizabeth & Rose Edwards Mary Teresa Edwards 26 March 1935 18 May, due 31 May. Sisters convicted of killing Elizabeth's 2-week-old daughter; they claimed it had died of natural causes, but the putative burial site was empty and the body never recovered. An appeal was rejected. Both released after just over 2 years in prison. [67][68]
11 September 1935 Great Meadow, outside Boyle, Co Roscommon Thomas Kelly Patrick Henry, by blunt trauma to the head 10-14 Nov 1936 (guilty); 19-25 April 1937 (jury deadlocked); November 1937 (8 days; guilty) 24 Dec 1937, due 28 Dec Henry lodged in Kelly's cottage; Kelly's rumoured savings were missing. Henry was arrested in Scotland in June 1936. The Court of Criminal Appeal quashed the first trial's verdict. Labour Party and United Farmers Association supported a reprieve. Released November 1947 [69]
24-29 November 1936 Ballinvorosig, near Carrigaline, Co Cork James Tierney (O'Neill) Thomas Vickers 5 April 1937 Less than a week before 29 May due Vickers was a taximan who drove Tierney from Cork city to his former employer, whom Tierney was planning to rob. An insanity defence was unsuccessful. Permission to appeal was refused on 11 May. A mercy petition by the Dublin Men's Association got 25,000 signatures. He was released in 1948. [70]
5 Dec Locationzzz Patrick Boylan Norah Whelan Mar CCC / CCA ref Reprievedzzz Dublin Men's Assoc 25K petition to Ex Co [71][72]
Date of crimezzz Locationzzz Mary Somerville Victimszzz Triedzzz Reprievedzzz Noteszzz [73]
Date of crimezzz Locationzzz Martin Griffin Victimszzz Triedzzz Reprievedzzz Noteszzz [74]
Date of crimezzz Locationzzz Stephen Murphy Victimszzz Triedzzz Reprievedzzz Noteszzz [75]
Date of crimezzz Locationzzz Agnes McAdam Victimszzz Triedzzz Reprievedzzz Noteszzz [76]
Date of crimezzz Locationzzz Daniel Duff Victimszzz Triedzzz Reprievedzzz Noteszzz [77]
Date of crimezzz Locationzzz John Fanning Victimszzz Triedzzz Reprievedzzz Noteszzz [78]
Date of crimezzz Locationzzz Mary Agnes Daly Victimszzz Triedzzz Reprievedzzz Noteszzz [79]
29 May Locationzzz Frances Cox brother Richard 6 days CCC / CCA 4 days Reprievedzzz ex due 5 Jan [80][81]
Date of crimezzz Locationzzz Patrick Heffernan Victimszzz Triedzzz Reprievedzzz Noteszzz [82]
Date of crimezzz Locationzzz William Hopkins Victimszzz Triedzzz Reprievedzzz Noteszzz [83]
22 Dec Locationzzz Robert James Stevenson Mary Nolan CCC 4-day sent 13 May / leave to appeal ref Reprievedzzz ex due next Mon [84][85] m
Date of crimezzz Locationzzz Denis Foy Victimszzz Triedzzz Reprievedzzz Noteszzz [86]
29 Dec Locationzzz Thomas Tobin O'Rourke wife Joan 1 May Reprievedzzz ex due 27 May [87][88]
Date of crimezzz Locationzzz James Kelly Victimszzz Triedzzz Reprievedzzz Noteszzz [89]
17/18 Apr Dublin Mary Anne Cadden Helen O'Reilly CCC 10-day trial / CCA rej leave 24 Dec Reprieved ex due 21 Nov CCC / 10 Jan CCA [90]
19 Jan Location William Wall Bridget Farell 13 May Reprieved CCA appeal wd when commuted; ex due 3 June [91]
Date of crimezzz Locationzzz Shan Mohangi Victimszzz Triedzzz Reprievedzzz Noteszzz [92]
datecrime Location David Galvin Elizabeth Gould 16-day CCC Oct / CCA 12 Jan-3 Feb Reprieved ex due 15 Nov / 20 Feb [93]
Date of crimezzz Locationzzz Noel Callan & Michael McHugh Victimszzz Triedzzz Reprievedzzz Noteszzz [94]

Capital punishment in Ireland

Date of crime Convicted Victims Context Location Date sentence passed Date scheduled for execution Date sentence commuted Notes
1975-09-11[95] Marie and Noel Murray[95] Michael J. Reynolds[95] Shot after a robbery of the Bank of Ireland in Killester[95] St Anne's Park,[96] Dublin[95] 1976-06-09[97] 1976 1976-12-09[95] Black Cross anarchists. Conviction quashed as the Garda was off duty and not in uniform; life sentence imposed.[95] Released after serving 15 years.[98]
1980-07-07[99] Paddy McCann, Colm O'Shea (, Peter Pringle)[100] Henry Byrne, John Morley Shot after a robbery of the Bank of Ireland in Ballaghaderreen Near Ballaghaderreen, County Roscommon 1980-11-27[101] 1980-12-19[100] 1981-05-27[102] Pringle's conviction was overturned in 1995.[100] McCann and O'Shea, members of Saor Éire, were still in jail in 2009.[103]
1980-10-13[104] Peter Rogers[105] Seamus Quaid[105] Shot while inspecting a van containing explosives,[105] after a robbery in Callan[104] Ballyconnick, near Cleariestown, County Wexford[106] 1981-03-11[107] 198 1981-07-01[108] Provisional IRA member.[99] Released in 1998 under the Good Friday Agreement amnesty.[105]
1984-08-10[109] Thomas Eccles, Patrick McPhillips and Brian McShane[105] Frank Hand[105] Shot at a post office raid[105] Drumree, Co Meath[105] 1985-03-28[110] 198 1986-02-22[111] Provisional IRA members.[109] Released in 1998 under the Good Friday Agreement amnesty.[105]
1985-06-27[112] Noel Callan and Michael McHugh[113] Patrick Morrissey[113] Robbery of Ardee labour exchange[113] Collon, County Louth[113] 1985-12-03[114] 198 1985-12-20[115] INLA members.[112] Still in jail in 2009.[113]

Military Court edit

EPO 41 Schedule offences for "death by shooting":

  1. Treason which consists in levying war against the State, or assisting any state or person or inciting or conspiring with any person to levy war against the Stated or attempting by force of arms or other violent means to overthrow the organs of Government established by the Constitution, or taking part or being concerned in or inciting or conspiring with any person to make or to take part or be concerned in any such attempt.
  2. The obtaining, recording, or communicating in any manner likely to prejudice the public safety or the preservation of the State of any information directly or indirectly prejudicial to the State or being in possession of any document or other record whatsoever containing such information in contravention of Article 28 of the Emergency powers Order, 1939 (S.R.O. No. 224 of 1939).
  3. The doing of any Act or the omitting to do anything on the part of a person who is under a duty either to the public or any other person to do, with intent to impair the efficiency or impede the work or repair of any vessel, aircraft, vehicle, machinery, apparatus or other thing used or intended to be used for the purposes of the Defence Forces or for the purpose of any undertaking engaged in the performance of essential services so declared by the Order of a Minister under the Emergency Powers Order 1939 (S.R.O, No. 224 of 1939).
  4. Murder.
  5. Unlawfully wounding or causing grievous bodily harm or shooting at with intent to maim or to do some other grievous bodily harm or with intent to resist or prevent a Lawful arrest.
  6. Assault and Unlawful imprisonment and detention of any person against the will of such person.
  7. Unlawfully causing an explosion likely to endanger life or to cause serious injury to property whether any injury to person or property has been actually caused or not.
  8. Making or knowingly having in his or her possession or under his or her control any explosive substance under such circumstances as to give rise to a reasonable suspicion that the person charged is not making or does not have it in his or her possession or under his or her control for a lawful object.
  9. Possession or control of any firearm or ammunition with intent to endanger life or cause serious injury to property or with intent to enable any other person by means of such firearm or ammunition to endanger life or cause serious injury to property whether any injury to person or property has or has hot been caused thereby.
  10. Attempting or conspiring to commit, or aiding, abetting counselling or procuring the commission of any of the offences hereinbefore set out in this Schedule

Sources edit

Primary
Secondary

References edit

  1. ^ Knight, Michael (Winter 1969). "The Irish Court of Criminal Appeal: II". Irish Jurist. 4 NS (2): 247–269: 257. JSTOR 44026739.
  2. ^ "Ceisteanna—Questions. Oral Answers. - Murder Convictions and Executions". Dáil Éireann (17th Dáil) – proceedings. Oireachtas. 24 October 1963. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  3. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  4. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  5. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  6. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  7. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  8. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  9. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  10. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  11. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  12. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  13. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  14. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  15. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  16. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  17. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  18. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  19. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  20. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  21. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  22. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  23. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  24. ^ a b White, Robert William (2006). Ruairí Ó Brádaigh: The Life and Politics of an Irish Revolutionary. Indiana University Press. p. 29. ISBN 9780253347084. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  25. ^ Coogan, Tim Pat (2015-12-16). De Valera: Long Fellow, Long Shadow. Head of Zeus. p. 671. ISBN 9781784975371. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  26. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  27. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  28. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  29. ^ "Article 00116". The Irish Times. 11-08-1943. p. 001. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  30. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  31. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  32. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  33. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  34. ^ Carey 2013, pp.zzz–zzz
  35. ^ a b c d Molloy, Constantine (1867). "A Central Criminal Court for the County and City of Dublin" (PDF). JSSISI. 34.; MCI (1835) Rpt Appendix: Dublin, p.45
  36. ^ Cd. 274. p.81 "Presentments by the Grand Jurors of the county and city of Dublin were formerly made in the King’s Bench, so that the Clerk of the Crown of the King’s Bench, besides his other duties, performed the functions, both fiscal and criminal, of the Clerk of the Crown for the above county and city."
  37. ^ a b Wallace 2016, p44
  38. ^ INFANTICIDE IN THE IRISH CROWN FILES AT ASSIZES, 1883–1900 edited by ELAINE FARRELL IRISH MANUSCRIPTS COMMISSION 2012
  39. ^ "The Courts of Justice Act, 1924, Section 49". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  40. ^ Wallace 2016, p.94
  41. ^ Doyle and O'Donnell 2012 p.10 fn.40, 42
  42. ^ "Ceisteanna—Questions. Oral Answers. - Court of Criminal Appeal". Dáil Éireann debates (12th Dáil) (in Irish). Oireachtas. 13 March 1946. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  43. ^ Maguire, Moira J. (2016). "Male Defendants and Infanticide in Mid-Twentieth-Century Ireland". New Hibernia Review. 20 (3): 62–80. doi:10.1353/nhr.2016.0040. In spite of this, Mitchell was acquitted, whereas Keogh initially was convicted of murder and sentenced to death. That conviction was later quashed, and on retrial she was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to three years' penal servitude
  44. ^ Brennan, Karen M. (2013). ""A Fine Mixture of Pity and Justice:" The criminal justice response to infanticide in Ireland, 1922-1949". Law and History Review. 31 (4): 793-841: 814 fn.98. doi:10.1017/S0738248013000436. ISSN 0738-2480. JSTOR 43670670.
  45. ^ "1946: Belfast IRA Man to hang". The Irish News. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  46. ^ The People (A.G.) v. White, 1947 IR 247
  47. ^ "Written Answer. - Counsel in State Prosecutions". Dáil Éireann (12th Dáil) debates. Houses of the Oireachtas. 23 April 1947. footnote 2.
  48. ^
  49. ^ O'Donnell 2017 p.254 fn.8
  50. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 1
  51. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 2
  52. ^ a b "Article 00726". The Irish Times. 1926-02-18. p. 007.
  53. ^ Wallace 2016, pp.28-29
  54. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 3
  55. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 4
  56. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 5
  57. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 6
  58. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 7
  59. ^ "Article 00512". The Irish Times. 1929-07-16. p. 005.
  60. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 8
  61. ^ "Article 01903". Weekly Irish Times. 1926-07-03. p. 019.
  62. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 9
  63. ^ "Article 00712". The Irish Times. 1929-06-15. p. 007.
  64. ^ "Article 00725". The Irish Times. 1929-07-01. p. 007.
  65. ^ "Article 00916". The Irish Times. 1931-03-07. p. 009.
  66. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 10
  67. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 11
  68. ^ "Article 00409". Weekly Irish Times. 1935-05-25. p. 004.
  69. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 12
  70. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 13
  71. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 14
  72. ^ "Article 01016". The Irish Times. 1937-05-06. p. 010.
  73. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 15
  74. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 16
  75. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 17
  76. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 18
  77. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 19
  78. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 20
  79. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 21
  80. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 22
  81. ^ "Article 00115". The Irish Times. 1949-12-23. p. 001.
  82. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 23
  83. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 24
  84. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 25
  85. ^ "Article 00909". The Irish Times. 1954-07-08. p. 009.
  86. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 26
  87. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 27
  88. ^ "Article 00912". The Irish Times. 1959-05-13. p. 009.
  89. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 28
  90. ^ "Article 00112". The Irish Times. 1957-01-05. p. 001.
  91. ^
  92. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 29
  93. ^ "Article 01107". The Irish Times. 1962-02-10. p. 011.
  94. ^ Wallace 2016, Chapter 30
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