| Al-Manjakiyya Madrasa | |
|---|---|
المنجكية | |
 Al-Manjakiyya, facing Haram esh-Sharif on the east side | |
  Location within the West Bank | |
| General information | |
| Type | Madrasa |
| Architectural style | Mamluk |
| Location | East Jerusalem |
| Coordinates | Bank 31°46′45.62″N 35°14′02.11″E / 31.7793389°N 35.2339194°E |
| Completed | Jumada II 754/July 1353 |
Al-Manjakiyya (Arabic: المنجكية) was a madrasa in Jerusalem.
Location edit
It is located just north of the Iron Gate.
Founder edit
Al-Manjakiyya was build by Sayf al-Din Manjak, also called Manjak al-Yusufi, a Mamluk who died in 1375.[1]
In 1344 he was Silihdar, Arm-Bearer, bringing the head of the deposed An-Nasir Ahmad, Sultan of Egypt from Al-Karak to Cairo.[1]
In 1347, his brother Baybugha became vice roy of Egypt in under An-Nasir Hasan. An-Nasir Hasan tried to assert his leadership versus his mamluks in 1350, and arrested both Manjak al-Yusufi and his brother Baybugha. However, An-Nasir Hasan was overthrown in 1351, and replaced with his half brother As-Salih Salih, whose chief Mamluk Taz an-Nasiri released both brothers.[1]
Taz and Manjak then started constructing the Amir Taz Palace in Cairo, with Manjak initially in charge. It was completed in Jumada II 754/July 1353[2]
The brothers Baybugha and Manjak al-Yusufi conspired against As-Salih Salih, this was discovered and as a result Baybugha was executed (in 1353) and Manjak al-Yusufi thrown in jail. In the spring of 1354 he was released through the influence of Shaykhu, and sent to Safad.[1]
An-Nasir Hasan regained power in 1355, and reigned until he was killed by his Mamluk Yalbugha al-Umari in 1361, who installed the young boy Al-Mansur Muhammad as Sultan.[1] Manjak conspired with Baydamur, then governor of Damascus, against Yalbugha al-Umari. Both were jailed in August 1361, and Manjak was only freed when Yalbugha al-Umari was killed in 1366.[1]
Fatima, a daughter of Sayf al-Din Manjak, married Sultan Barquq in 786/1384.[3]
- Al-Mansur Muhammad, Sultan of Egypt (sultan 1361 – 1363) (died 1398)
- Al-Ashraf Sha'ban (sultan 1363–1377)
History edit
According to Mujir al-Din; "He [i.e. Manjak] was ordered to reside in Jerusalem as tarkhan. He came to the city in Safar 761 [December 1359- January 1360]. In a certain history [it is written that] ‘He came to Jerusalem to build the madrasa for the Sultan al-Malik al-Nasir Hasan’. It was his intention to build it for him, but when the Sultan was killed in the year 762 [1361], he built it for himself and it took his name. He endowed the madrasa and provided it with students of law (fuqaha) and other personnel."[5][6]
There are two defters giving two different foundation dates for the waqf for Al-Manjakiyya: One gives 770/1368-69, the other 773/1371-72.[6] But both broadly agree about what income was included in the waqf:
- The "New Baths" at Safad,
- Three shops, known as Wakala, in Jerusalem
- 1/12 (or 1 share) of the hall of Haraflsh Hill in Jerusalem,
- rent from the land called Charity Land, in West Jerusalem
- "6 shares and a third and an eighth of a share" of Beit Safafa
- "A parcel of land known as Manjak’s Land and Charity Land" in Jerusalem District.[7]
Modern period edit
In 1914 Max van Berchem visited, and then Al-Manjakiyya was used as a boys school. It was later used as a private residence, until 1342/1923 when it was converted for use for the Awqaf. It remains is use as offices for the Awqaf.[8][9]
Endowments edit
See Sha'ab[10] Hawadi in Gaza Sanjak,[11]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f Burgoyne, 1987, pp. 385−386
- ^ Burgoyne, 1987, p. 399
- ^ Burgoyne, 1987, p. 398, note 33
- ^ van Berchem, 1920, Pl. LXVI
- ^ Moudjir ed-dyn, 1876, pp. 147−148
- ^ a b Burgoyne, 1987, p. 385
- ^ Burgoyne, 1987, p. 386
- ^ van Berchem, 1922, pp. 284-5
- ^ Burgoyne, 1987, p. 387
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 193
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 142
Bibliography edit
- Berchem, van, M. (1922). MIFAO 43 Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Part 2 Syrie du Sud T.1 Jérusalem "Ville" (in French and Arabic). Cairo: Impr. de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale.
- Berchem, van, M. (1927). MIFAO 44 Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Part 2 Syrie du Sud T.2 Jérusalem Haram. Cairo: Impr. de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale. (pp. 115-116)
- Berchem, van, M. (1920). MIFAO 45.2 Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Part 2 Syrie du Sud T.3 Fasc. 2 Jérusalem Index général. Cairo: Impr. de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale.
- Burgoyne, Michael Hamilton (1987). Mamluk Jerusalem. ISBN 090503533X.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Mayer, L.A. (1933). Saracenic Heraldry: A Survey. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (pp. 6, 13, 96f, 151, 153-5*, 233)
- Moudjir ed-dyn (1876). Sauvaire (ed.). Histoire de Jérusalem et d'Hébron depuis Abraham jusqu'à la fin du XVe siècle de J.-C. : fragments de la Chronique de Moudjir-ed-dyn.