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< User:Exoplanetaryscience

oh don't mind me, just working on some stuff on minor planets & exoplanets

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List of comets edit

Good news, ~20-40 people who were seeing my list under construction! I finally finished it! At more than half a million bytes, it's the fourth (almost third) longest article in all of Wikipedia! There's still plenty to do, though. Any help you can do now is appreciated!

A106fgF edit

A106fgF
Discovery 
Discovered byATLAS–MLO
Discovery siteMauna Loa Obs.
Discovery date22 January 2018
Designations
NEO · Apollo 
Orbital characteristics 
Epoch 22 January 2018 (JD 2458140.5)
Uncertainty parameter 10
Observation arc39 minutes
Aphelion1.5 ± 0.2 AU
Perihelion0.94 ± 0.02 AU
1.25 ± 0.09 AU
Eccentricity0.24 ± 0.07
1.39 yr (507 days)
336 ± 1°
0° 42m 36s ± 0° 4m 12s / day
Inclination5 ± 1.5°
122.6 ± 0.15°
38 ± 4°
Earth MOID0 AU (0 LD)
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
1–4 m (assumed)
0.05–0.3 (assumed)
~18.5 (observed)
~31.2

A106fgF was an unconfirmed object discovered on 22 January 2018 by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS). It was discovered in 4 images spanning less than 40 minutes, but was only recognized 6 hours later, by which point it was too late to follow up.

Orbital calculations by several sources including the ATLAS team, JPL Horizons, the Minor Planet Center, and Projectpluto, showed that the object had a 9% chance of impacting Earth at ~19:00 UTC on the same day. With a nominal size of 1-4 meters, it should have been detectable to various fireball-detecting satellites as a fireball with an energy of 0.02-2.6 kilotons. If it did hit, it would have impacted over a region between the south Atlantic Ocean, southern Africa, the Indian Ocean, Indonesia, or in the western Pacific ocean near Chuuk. An impact further west (in the Atlantic) would have meant the asteroid was discovered further away, and therefore larger, and further east (in the Pacific) would have meant that the asteroid was discovered nearer, and therefore smaller.

List of Iridium Satellites edit

The following is a list of past and present satellites in the Iridium satellite constellation.

Satellite not launched
Operational & used
Operational & spare
Intentionally deorbited
Partially functional
nonfunctional
deorbited
destroyed
Satellite name Launch date Functional status Orbital status Date of reentry Functional lifetime (days) Orbital lifetime (days)
1 Not launched NA NA NA NA NA
2 1998-11-06 Nunfunctional? Drifting In orbit 4 9307
3 1998-08-19 Decayed Decayed 2018-02-08 7113 7113
4 1997-05-05 Nonfunctional? Drifting In orbit 5520 9857
5 1997-05-05 Functional Intentionally deorbiting In orbit 9857 9857
6 1997-05-05 Decayed Decayed 2017-12-23 7346? 7354
7 1997-05-05 Nonfunctional? Drifting? In orbit 7346? 9857
8 1997-05-05 Decayed Decayed 2017-11-24 7508 7508
9 1997-06-18 Decayed Decayed 2003-03-11 1215 2092
10 1997-06-18 Functional Intentionally deorbiting In orbit 9813 9813
911 1997-06-18 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit 0 9813
11 1998-12-19 Functional Used as spare In orbit 9264 9264
12 1997-06-18 Decayed Decayed 2018-09-02 7746 7746
13 1997-06-18 Decayed Decayed 2018-04-29 7620 7620
914 1997-06-18 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit 0 9813
14 1999-06-11 Functional Controlled In orbit 9090 9090
15 1997-07-09 Functional Used as spare In orbit 9792 9792
16 1997-06-18 Functional? Used as spare? In orbit 9813 9813
17 1997-07-09 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit 2959 9792
18 1997-07-09 Decayed Decayed 2018-08-19 7711 7711
19 1997-09-27 Decayed Decayed 2018-04-07 7497 7497
920 1997-07-09 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit 0 9792
20 1998-12-19 Functional Used as spare In orbit 9264 9264
921 1997-07-09 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit 0 9792
21 1999-06-11 Decayed Decayed 2018-05-24 6922 6922
22 1997-08-21 Nonfunctional? Drifting? In orbit 7445? 9749
23 1997-08-21 Decayed Decayed 2018-03-28 7524/0 7524
24 1997-08-21 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit <9749 9749
25 1997-08-21 Decayed Decayed 2018-05-14 7571 7571
26 1997-08-21 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit 0 9749
27 1997-09-14 Decayed Decayed 2002-02-01 1601 1601
28 1997-09-14 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit 0 9725
29 1997-09-14 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit 6026 9725
30 1997-09-14 Decayed Decayed 2017-09-28 7319 7319
31 1997-09-14 Functional Used as spare In orbit 9725 9725
32 1997-09-14 Functional Controlled In orbit 9725 9725
33 1997-09-14 Destroyed Destroyed 2009-02-10 (Destroyed) 4167 4167
34 1997-09-27 Decayed Decayed 2018-01-08 7408 7408
35 1997-09-27 Functional Used as spare In orbit 9712 9712
36 1997-09-27 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit 0 9712
37 1997-09-27 Decayed Decayed 2018-05-26 7546 7546
38 1997-11-09 Partially functional Drifting In orbit 9669? 9669
39 1997-11-09 Partially functional? Drifting In orbit 9669? 9669
40 1997-11-09 Functional Intentionally deorbiting In orbit 9669 9669
41 1997-11-09 Decayed Decayed 2018-07-28 7566 7566
42 1997-12-08 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit 6099 9640
43 1997-11-09 Decayed Decayed 2018-02-11 7399 7399
44 1997-12-08 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit <9640 9640
45 1997-12-20 Functional Controlled In orbit 9628 9628
46 1997-12-20 Functional Intentionally deorbiting In orbit 9628 9628
47 1997-12-20 Decayed Decayed 2018-09-01 7560 7560
48 1997-12-20 Decayed Decayed 2001-05-05 1232 1232
49 1997-12-20 Decayed Decayed 2018-02-13 7360 7360
50 1998-02-18 Functional Intentionally deorbiting In orbit 9568 9568
51 1998-03-25 Functional Intentionally deorbiting In orbit 9533 9533
52 1998-02-18 Functional Used as spare In orbit 9568 9568
53 1998-02-18 Functional Intentionally deorbiting In orbit 9568 9568
54 1998-02-18 Functional Used as spare In orbit 9568 9568
55 1998-03-30 Functional Used as spare In orbit 9528 9528
56 1998-02-18 Functional Intentionally deorbiting In orbit 9568 9568
57 1998-03-30 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit 6611 9528
58 1998-03-30 Functional Used as spare In orbit 9528 9528
59 1998-03-30 Functional Controlled In orbit 9528 9528
60 1998-03-30 Functional Controlled In orbit 9528 9528
61 1998-03-25 Functional Used as spare In orbit 9533 9533
62 1998-04-07 Functional Used as spare In orbit 9520 9520
63 1998-04-07 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit 5979 9520
64 1998-04-07 Functional Used as spare In orbit 9520 9520
65 1998-04-07 Decayed Decayed 2018-07-17 7406 7406
66 1998-04-07 Decayed Decayed 2018-08-23 7443 7443
67 1998-04-07 Decayed Decayed 2018-07-02 7391 7391
68 1998-04-07 Decayed Decayed 2018-06-08 7367 7367
69 1998-05-02 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit <9495 9495
70 1998-05-17 Functional Used as spare In orbit 9480 9480
71 1998-05-02 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit <9495 9495
72 1998-05-17 Decayed Decayed 2018-05-14 7302 7302
73 1998-05-17 Nonfunctional Drifting In orbit <9480 9480
74 1998-05-17 Decayed Decayed 2017-06-11 6965/? 6965
75 1998-05-17 Decayed Decayed 2018-07-10 7359 7359
76 1998-08-19 Decayed Decayed 2018-08-28 7314 7314
77 1998-09-08 Decayed Decayed 2017-09-22 6954 6954
78 Not launched NA NA NA NA NA
79 1998-09-08 Decayed Decayed 2000-11-29 813 813
80 1998-09-08 Decayed Decayed 2018-08-12 7278 7278
81 1998-09-08 Decayed Decayed 2018-07-12 7247 7247
82 1998-09-08 Functional Intentionally deorbiting In orbit 9366 9366
83 1998-11-06 Functional Controlled In orbit 9307 9307
84 1998-11-06 Functional Intentionally deorbiting In orbit 9307 9307
85 1998-11-06 Decayed Decayed 2000-12-30 785 785
86 1998-11-06 Functional Intentionally deorbiting In orbit 9307 9307
87 Not launched NA NA NA NA NA
88 Not launched NA NA NA NA NA
89 Not launched NA NA NA NA NA
90 2002-02-11 Functional Intentionally deorbiting In orbit 8114 8114
91 2002-02-11 Functional Controlled In orbit 8114 8114
92 Not launched NA NA NA NA NA
93 Not launched NA NA NA NA NA
94 2002-02-11 Decayed Decayed 2018-04-18 5910 5910
95 2002-02-11 Functional Controlled In orbit 8114 8114
96 2002-02-11 Functional Intentionally deorbiting In orbit 8114 8114
97 2002-06-20 Functional Used as spare In orbit 7985 7985
98 2002-06-20 Decayed Decayed 2018-08-24 5909 5909
99 Not launched NA NA NA NA NA
100 Not launched NA NA NA NA NA
101 Not launched NA NA NA NA NA
102 2017-01-14 Functional Controlled In orbit 2663 2663
103 2017-01-14 Functional Controlled In orbit 2663 2663
104 2017-01-14 Functional Controlled In orbit 2663 2663
105 2017-01-14 Functional Controlled In orbit 2663 2663
106 2017-01-14 Functional Controlled In orbit 2663 2663
107 2017-10-09 Functional Controlled In orbit 2395 2395
108 2017-01-14 Functional Controlled In orbit 2663 2663
109 2017-01-14 Functional Controlled In orbit 2663 2663
110 2018-05-22 Functional Controlled In orbit 2170 2170
111 2017-01-14 Functional Controlled In orbit 2663 2663
112 2017-01-14 Functional Controlled In orbit 2663 2663
113 2017-06-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2501 2501
114 2017-01-14 Functional Controlled In orbit 2663 2663
115 2017-06-25 Functional Used as spare In orbit 2501 2501
116 2017-12-23 Functional Controlled In orbit 2320 2320
117 2017-06-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2501 2501
118 2017-06-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2501 2501
119 2017-10-09 Functional Controlled In orbit 2395 2395
120 2017-06-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2501 2501
121 2017-06-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2501 2501
122 2017-10-09 Functional Controlled In orbit 2395 2395
123 2017-06-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2501 2501
124 2017-06-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2501 2501
125 2017-10-09 Functional Controlled In orbit 2395 2395
126 2017-06-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2501 2501
127 2017-10-09 Functional Controlled In orbit 2395 2395
128 2017-06-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2501 2501
129 2017-10-09 Functional Controlled In orbit 2395 2395
130 2017-12-23 Functional Controlled In orbit 2320 2320
131 2017-12-23 Functional Controlled In orbit 2320 2320
132 2017-10-09 Functional Controlled In orbit 2395 2395
133 2017-10-09 Functional Controlled In orbit 2395 2395
134 2017-12-23 Functional Controlled In orbit 2320 2320
135 2017-12-23 Functional Controlled In orbit 2320 2320
136 2017-10-09 Functional Controlled In orbit 2395 2395
137 2017-12-23 Functional Controlled In orbit 2320 2320
138 2017-12-23 Functional Controlled In orbit 2320 2320
139 2017-10-09 Functional Controlled In orbit 2395 2395
140 2018-03-30 Functional Controlled In orbit 2223 2223
141 2017-12-23 Functional Controlled In orbit 2320 2320
142 2018-03-30 Functional Controlled In orbit 2223 2223
143 2018-03-30 Functional Controlled In orbit 2223 2223
144 2018-03-30 Functional Controlled In orbit 2223 2223
145 2018-03-30 Functional Controlled In orbit 2223 2223
146 2018-03-30 Functional Controlled In orbit 2223 2223
147 2018-05-22 Functional Controlled In orbit 2170 2170
148 2018-03-30 Functional Controlled In orbit 2223 2223
149 2018-03-30 Functional Controlled In orbit 2223 2223
150 2018-03-30 Functional Controlled In orbit 2223 2223
151 2017-12-23 Functional Controlled In orbit 2320 2320
152 2018-05-22 Functional Controlled In orbit 2170 2170
153 2017-12-23 Functional Controlled In orbit 2320 2320
154 2018-07-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2106 2106
155 2018-07-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2106 2106
156 2018-07-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2106 2106
157 2018-03-30 Functional Controlled In orbit 2223 2223
158 2018-07-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2106 2106
159 2018-07-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2106 2106
160 2018-07-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2106 2106
161 2018-05-22 ? ? In orbit 2170 2170
162 2018-05-22 ? ? In orbit 2170 2170
163 2018-07-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2106 2106
164 2018-07-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2106 2106
165 2018-07-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2106 2106
166 2018-07-25 Functional Controlled In orbit 2106 2106

List of asteroid families edit

Family name FIN Parent asteroid Number of members Cause Spectral type Albedo Age (myr) Total mass (1017 kg) semimajor axis (AU) perihelion (AU) aphelion (AU) eccentricity inclination (°) longitude of ascending node (°) argument of perihelion (°) 20 largest members Notes
Pallas family 801 2 Pallas 128 Impact B 0.10 ? 2111±260[note 1] 2.772+0.099
−0.078 		2.134+0.260
−0.377 		3.411+0.408
−0.254 		0.2303+0.1323
−0.0928 		34.836+1.410
−3.845 		173.080+151.285
−162.353 		310.049+116.604
−196.900 		H=4-5: 2 Pallas
H=10-11: 1252 Celestia
H=11-12: 2382 Nonie, 5222 Ioffe
H=12-13: 531 Zerlina, 4969 Lawrence, 5234 Sechenov, 5330 Senrikyu, 11064 Dogen, (12377) 1994 PP, 33750 Davehiggins, (38042) 1998 SA10, (53168) 1999 CV10, (66803) 1999 TD273, (67779) 2000 UU81
H=13-14: 4997 Ksana, (23830) 1998 QZ85, (25891) 2000 WK9, (33166) 1998 EV8, (36273) 2000 AM68
 The rock comet 3200 Phaethon may be a member of the Pallas family
Juno family 501 3 Juno 1684 Impact S+Cb 0.22+0.06 450±100 242±42[note 2] 2.669+0.025
−0.065 		1.983+0.185
−0.078 		3.355+0.114
−0.228 		0.2569+0.0307
−0.0719 		12.989+1.841
−1.944 		169.853+175.157
−152.726 		unconstrained H=5-6: 3 Juno
H=12-13: 4350 Shibecha, 4603 Bertaud
H=13-14: 5329 Decaro, (24427) 2000 CN21, (29718) 1999 AH18, (32326) 2000 QO62, (36521) 2000 QR79, (42496) 1991 XB1, (48540) 1993 TW8, (51149) 2000 HF52, (51576) 2001 HW5, (61640) 2000 QT105, (71096) 1999 XR136
H=14-15: (6781) 1990 OD, 15335 Satoyukie, (22302) 1990 OG4, (23923) 1998 SA137, (41623) 2000 SN167, (62075) 2000 RO79 		Two distinct albedoes among the members, possibly an overlapping asteroid group or another asteroid that impacted Juno

Notes edit

  1. ^ The vast majority of this mass comes from 2 Pallas, with only 1E17 kg (0.04% of the mass) from every other member of the family
  2. ^ 3 Juno makes up such a massive proportion of this family's mass that the mass is virtually the same with only Juno included, the other asteroids making up less than 0.02% of the total group mass

PNs edit

The following is a list of all known planetary nebulae in the Milky Way.

Northern Hemisphere edit

Image Name Right
ascension 		Declination Galactic longitude Galactic latitude Messier Catalogue NGC Other designation Date
discovered 		Distance
(light years) 		Apparent Magnitude (visual) Constellation Notes
00h 00m 21.39s 57° 22′ 07.7″ 116.062 -4.820 PN G116.0-04.8 2014 65000+99999
−38000[1] 		16.7 Cassiopeia Not confirmed as a planetary nebula
00h 01m 31.32s 70° 42′ 31.3″ 118.796 +8.239 Abell 86 1955 7300±1500[2] 19 Cepheus ~16,300 years old[3]
00h 07m 20.14s 64° 57′ 21.3″ 118.284 +2.483 SH 1-118 1968 (prior to) 42900+13000
−8100[1] 		14.1 Cassiopeia
00h 10m 20.52s 58° 37′ 08.5″ 117.591 -3.826 IPHAS J001020.53+583708.6 2014 1360+130
−110[1] 		18.8 Cassiopeia Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula
00h 12m 54.84s 69° 10′ 22.1″ 119.499 +6.558 Abell 1 1955 8300±1700[2] 19.5 Cepheus Highly evolved planetary nebula
  00h 13m 01.02s 72° 31′ 19.0″ 120.016 +9.868 NGC 40 1788 6470+390
−350[1] 		11.4 Cepheus ~3,460 years old[3]
00h 13m 33.79s 67° 18′ 04.0″ 119.280 +4.698 PN G119.2+04.6 2014 18 Cepheus
00h 14m 12.67s 60° 55′ 17.3″ 118.422 -1.624 IRAS 00115+6038 1988 17600 24 Cassiopeia Only visible in infrared due to Extinction
00h 18m 42.17s 53° 52′ 19.8″ 118.062 -8.690 Vy 1-1 1942 16300+6000
−3400[1] 		14.0 Cassiopeia
00h 18m 42.77s 30° 49′ 13.1″ 114.689 -31.527 HD 1440 2002 (proto-planetary nebula discovered) 1127+21
−20[1] 		8.3 Andromeda Proto-planetary nebula surrounding a G-type giant star.
00h 19m 42.67s 63° 43′ 21.8″ 119.429 +1.067 PN Mul 2 2015 11160+1070
−900[1] 		15.3 Cassiopeia Not confirmed as a planetary nebula
00h 19m 59.03s 62° 58′ 59.4″ 119.369 +0.329 BV 1 1956 34800±7000[2] 14 Cassiopeia
00h 28m 10.82s 61° 41′ 31.2″ 120.178 -1.055 IPHAS J002810.82+614131.2 2009 10500+28400
−4400[1] 		18.9 Cassiopeia Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula
00h 28m 15.15s 55° 57′ 54.7″ 119.670 -6.760 Hu 1-1 1921 24600±4900[2] 15 Cassiopeia
00h 30m 56.75s 61° 24′ 34.3″ 120.482 -1.365 Ou 2 2010 4800+3600
−1400[1] 		19.3 Cassiopeia
00h 31m 53.28s 57° 22′ 48.8″ 120.288 -5.391 Sh 2-176 1970 2780+560
−400[1] 		19 Cassiopeia ~56,700 years old,[3] one of the most diffuse planetary nebulae known
00h 37m 16.02s −13° 42′ 58.6″ 108.371 -76.186 BoBn 1 1977 57000±11000[2] 15.7 Cetus Halo nebula
00h 38m 54.18s 66° 23′ 48.6″ 121.675 +3.556 G121.6+03.5 1977 19100+3800
−3800[2] 		18.5 Cassiopeia
00h 40m 21.056s 62° 51′ 31.4″ 121.668 +0.014 PN BV 2 1956 26500+5300
−5300[2] 		16.8 Cassiopeia Binary central star
00h 42m 54.47s 61° 19′ 31.2″ 121.908 -1.529 IRAS 00399+6103 2009 3400+380
−310[1] 		16.6 Cassiopeia Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula, embedded in a molecular cloud.
00h 45m 34.76s 57° 57′ 35.3″ 122.152 -4.903 Abell 2 1955 12000±2400[2][note 1] 18 Cassiopeia
  Skull Nebula 00h 47m 03.34s −11° 52′ 18.9″ 118.863 -74.709 NGC 246 1785 1782+25
−24[1] 		8 Cetus Binary star system in the center, halo nebula, ~6,620 years old[3]
00h 51m 23.20s 63° 10′ 59.0″ 122.926 +0.311 PN G122.9+00.3 2014 22 Cassiopeia Very diffuse and almost invisible outside of Halpha
00h 54m 49.43s 63° 35′ 42.7″ 123.308 +0.726 IPHAS J005449.44+633542.6 2009 9700+10000
−3300[1] 		18.5 Cassiopeia Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula
01h 00m 54.11s 55° 04′ 00.0″ 124.299 -7.780 WeSb 1 1981 9900+1400
−1100[1] 		18 Cassiopeia Nebula old and diffuse, with only an arc remaining.
01h 02m 24.45s 65° 46′ 32.5″ 124.058 +2.928 PN G124.0+02.9 1994 19 Cassiopeia
01h 05m 31.46s 64° 43′ 03.2″ 124.436 +1.887 IRAS 01023+6426 1988 17000[4] 22 Cassiopeia Only visible in infrared due to Extinction
01h 06m 25.99s 12° 35′ 52.9″ 128.642 -50.107 WX Piscium 1966 30000[note 2] 15 Pisces Proto-planetary nebula (OH/IR star)
01h 06m 55.64s 64° 17′ 30.2″ 124.611 +1.470 IRAS 01037+6401 1989 20000 22 Cassiopeia Not confirmed as a planetary nebula
01h 07m 07.62s 73° 33′ 23.4″ 124.061 +10.719 HDW 1 1983 1021±18[1] 15.6 Cassiopeia ~17,000 years old[3]
01h 11m 06.57s 10° 21′ 38.2″ 130.842 -52.209 EGGR 900 1980 995+28
−26[1] 		15.6 Pisces either a very late planetary neblua or a PG 1159 star
01h 24m 58.61s 65° 38′ 36.1″ 126.384 +2.997 PN K 3-90 1972 10100+16200
−3900[1] 		15 Cassiopeia
01h 25m 07.96s 63° 56′ 52.8″ 126.622 +1.318 IPHAS PN-1 1972 8400+15600
−3300[1] 		17 Cassiopeia
01h 25m 44.62s 61° 36′ 11.7″ 126.999 -0.997 IRAS 01224+6120 2007 480+170
−100[1] 		18.5 Cassiopeia Proto-planetary nebula
01h 30m 33.18s 58° 24′ 50.3″ 128.049 -4.069 SH 2-188 1951 2890+280
−240[1] 		17.4 Cassiopeia ~13,000 years old
01h 31m 09.00s 61° 22′ 58.9″ 127.670 -1.123 PN G127.6-01.1 2014 5700+99999
−3300[1] 		20.5 Cassiopeia
01h 34m 55.92s 47° 29′ 40.3″ 130.505 -14.737 PN Ra 22 2015 4600+2900
−1300[1] 		18.1 Andromeda Not confirmed as a planetary nebula
01h 37m 19.36s 50° 28′ 11.3″ 130.360 -11.739 PN M 1-1 1965 8100+9900
−2900[1] 		13.9 Andromeda
01h 40m 05.84s 56° 34′ 54.6″ 129.629 -5.656 PN G129.6-05.6 1994 2370+980
−540[1] 		19.7 Cassiopeia
  Little Dumbbell Nebula 01h 42m 19.66s 51° 34′ 31.5″ 130.934 -10.504 M76 NGC 650, NGC 651 Cork nebula 1780 4690+940
−940[2][note 3] 		10.1 Perseus Distance poorly constrained
01h 42m 37.88s 60° 09′ 47.2″ 129.264 -2.078 PN G129.2-02.0 1977 6500+99999
−3600[1] 		19.9 Cassiopeia Extremely old and diffuse
01h 45m 51.20s 64° 16′ 05.6″ 128.797 +2.018 2MASS J01455120+6416057 2009 50000+41000
−49999[1] 		18.8 Cassiopeia Not confirmed as a planetary nebula
01h 53m 03.01s 56° 24′ 19.3″ 131.422 -5.447 PN G131.4-05.4 1956 6500+99999
−4100[1] 		10.3 Cassiopeia
01h 55m 39.00s 64° 20′ 20.0″ 130.226 +0.713 PN Ra 18 2015 22 Cassiopeia Nearly invisible outside of Halpha, not confirmed as a planetary nebula
01h 56m 25.08s 65° 28′ 30.5″ 129.612 +3.450 PN Fe 6 2014 4290+1720
−950[1] 		21 Cassiopeia Extremely old and diffuse
01h 57m 35.69s 63° 19′ 18.4″ 130.277 +1.397 IC 1747 1905 10600+2100
−1500[1] 		12.0 Cassiopeia
01h 58m 35.37s 66° 34′ 01.1″ 129.549 +4.562 PN K 3-91 1972 28100+5600
−5600[2] 		15 Cassiopeia Overlaps an unrelated elliptical galaxy
01h 58m 49.66s 52° 53′ 48.5″ 133.118 -8.637 V471 Persei 1966 (proto-planetary nebula discovered) 8450+860
−710[1] 		13.1 Perseus Proto-planetary nebula
02h 00m 39.48s 60° 32′ 59.2″ 131.343 -1.187 IRAS 01571+6018 2003 11200+1600
−1300[1] 		14.9 Cassiopeia Proto-planetary nebula
02h 03m 41.27s 64° 57′ 39.1″ 130.484 +3.154 PN K 3-92 1972 23600+4700
−4700[2] 		15.0 Cassiopeia
02h 10m 10.46s 65° 25′ 14.3″ 131.004 +3.790 PN Fe 8 2015 9400+40600
−4200[1] 		22.0 Cassiopeia Nearly invisible outside of Halpha
02h 12m 06.47s 64° 09′ 03.1″ 131.587 +2.643 G131.5+02.6 1955 8500+1700
−1700[2] 		17.2 Cassiopeia Central star is obscured by a brighter foreground star
02h 20m 45.15s 63° 11′ 34.2″ 132.804 +2.046 PN G132.8+02.0 2009 2900+4000
−1100[1] 		19.5 Cassiopeia
02h 26m 30.00s 65° 47′ 53.4″ 132.474 +4.703 PN K 3-93 1972 24300+10000
−10000[5] 		18 Cassiopeia
02h 35m 39.27s 63° 38′ 29.3″ 134.194 +3.072 PN G134.1+03.0 2014 22 Cassiopeia Heavily contaminated by the foreground 7th magnitude star HD 15850; central star unclear.
02h 40m 14.37s 61° 09′ 16.8″ 135.674 +1.004 WeBo 1 1996 5430+240
−220[1] 		14.0 Cassiopeia Central star system is a binary young white dwarf and K0III Giant
02h 41m 35.92s 57° 37′ 38.0″ 137.276 -2.144 IRAS 02379+5724 1993 19200+53400
−8100[1] 		17.6 Perseus
02h 45m 23.65s 42° 33′ 04.6″ 144.322 -15.538 Abell 4 1966 13000+99999
−10000[1] 		15.6 Perseus
02h 50m 03.68s 61° 08′ 31.7″ 136.753 +1.495 PN LDu 3 2015 6430+430
−380[1] 		11.4 Cassiopeia Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula
02h 52m 14.90s 50° 35′ 53.9″ 141.734 -7.810 Abell 5 1966 5500+1100
−1100[2] 		21 Perseus Extremely diffuse; Central star slightly contaminated by a 19.8th magnitude foreground star
02h 56m 11.34s 44° 02′ 52.2″ 145.419 -13.309 IRAS 02528+4350 1988 1330+25
−24[1] 		10.7 Perseus Proto-planetary nebula
02h 56m 58.43s −44° 10′ 17.8″ 255.321 -59.620 PN Lo 1 1977 2636+94
−88[1] 		14.5 Eridanus Extremely old and diffuse
02h 58m 41.87s 64° 30′ 06.3″ 136.099 +4.934 Abell 6 1955 3250+700
−490[1] 		20.5 Cassiopeia ~26,500 years old[3]
03h 03m 47.01s 64° 54′ 35.5″ 136.381 +5.553 PN HFG 1 1982 2335+37
−36[1] 		14.5 Cassiopeia ~34,700 years old[3] Extremely diffuse with a dense clump to the east
03h 04m 21.35s 62° 18′ 01.0″ 137.715 +3.306 PN LDu 14 2014 30000+10000
−15000[note 4] 		22.5 Cassiopeia Nearly invisible outside of Halpha
  03h 10m 19.30s 61° 19′ 00.9″ 138.817 +2.805 IC 289 1888 5190+550
−450[1] 		11 Cassiopeia
03h 11m 00.82s 62° 47′ 50.3″ 138.132 +4.120 HDW 2 1976 2844+85
−80[1] 		22 Cassiopeia ~36,000 years old[3] Possibly trinary central star.
03h 13m 45.12s 61° 37′ 06.0″ 139.014 +3.273 PN G139.0+03.2 2014 22 Cassiopeia
03h 14m 45.91s 48° 12′ 05.8″ 146.143 -8.105 [FMP2006b] Fr 2-23 2013 764.5+9.4
−9.2[1] 		14.0 Andromeda
03h 16m 34.04s 46° 53′ 37.3″ 147.104 -9.053 PN HaWe 3 1987 10000+99999
−3400[1] 		17.0 Andromeda
03h 21m 14.32s 61° 05′ 26.6″ 140.056 +3.302 FT Camelopardalis 1999 813+18
−17[1] 		17.4 Camelopardalis Underwent a Dwarf nova eruption in 1998
03h 23m 05.31s 62° 47′ 06.5″ 139.312 +4.841 Camelopardalis C 1995 6000+800
−630[1] 		16.8 Camelopardalis Binary central star
03h 27m 15.41s 45° 24′ 20.5″ 149.499 -9.277 HDW 3 1996 2810+240
−210[1] 		17.0 Perseus ~24,400 years old[3]
03h 31m 05.30s 55° 38′ 51.0″ 144.159 -0.501 IRAS 03272+5528 2014 23 Camelopardalis Only visible in infrared due to Extinction
03h 31m 12.01s 43° 54′ 15.5″ 150.956 -10.104 GK Persei 1901 1441+28
−27[1] 		14.0 Perseus Proto-planetary nebula; Underwent a nova eruption in 1901
  Robin's Egg Nebula 03h 33m 14.65s −25° 52′ 18.0″ 220.363 -53.934 NGC 1360 1868 1278+43
−40[1] 		9.4 Fornax ~12,600 years old[3]
03h 36m 08.08s 60° 03′ 45.8″ 142.150 +3.487 PN K 3-94 1972 26700+5300
−5300[2] 		17.2 Camelopardalis
03h 41m 43.42s 52° 17′ 00.3″ 147.400 -2.307 PN M 1-4 1968 5600+25000
−2500[1] 		14.3 Perseus
03h 45m 26.68s 37° 48′ 52.2″ 156.909 -13.322 PN HaWe 5 1987 1030+40
−37[1] 		17.4 Perseus
03h 46m 59.67s 48° 49′ 00.5″ 150.186 -4.541 PN G150.1-04.5 2014 7400+1500
−1000[1] 		16.6 Perseus Binary central star
03h 47m 32.98s 35° 02′ 48.6″ 159.060 -15.191 IC 351 1890 10800+20800
−4300[1] 		12.3 Perseus
03h 49m 05.91s 50° 00′ 14.9″ 149.715 -3.398 PN IsWe 1 1974 1452+56
−52[1] 		16.5 Perseus ~111,000 years old[3]
03h 53m 36.40s 19° 29′ 38.5″ 171.300 -25.813 PN Ba 1 1967 4550+1600
−940[1] 		14.3 Taurus ~5,280 years old[3]
03h 56m 21.99s 33° 52′ 30.8″ 161.277 -14.891 IC 2003 1907 16200+62000
−7200[1] 		11.9 Perseus
04h 03m 29.53s 52° 08′ 26.0″ 150.074 -0.308 IRAS 03596+5200 2006 13700+3500
−2800[note 5] 		21.0 Perseus
  Oyster Nebula 04h 06m 59.39s 60° 55′ 14.3″ 144.560 +6.551 NGC 1501 1787 5750+270
−250[1] 		13 Camelopardalis
04h 07m 21.58s 51° 24′ 22.4″ 151.009 -0.457 PN Ou 1 2012 6800+18600
−2900[1] 		19.2 Perseus
  04h 09m 16.99s 30° 46′ 33.5″ 165.534 -15.288 NGC 1514 1790 1521+28
−27[1] 		9.4 Taurus Binary central star
04h 13m 15.03s 56° 56′ 58.4″ 147.872 +4.195 PN M 2-2 1968 17000+6800
−3800[1] 		15 Camelopardalis ~1,610 years old[3]
04h 13m 20.02s 31° 10′ 47.3″ 165.876 -14.390 HD 281789 1918 1089+19
−18[1] 		10.2 Perseus Proto-planetary nebula
04h 13m 27.25s 51° 51′ 00.9″ 151.402 +0.511 PN K 3-64 1969 18800+1800
−2500[note 5] 		16 Perseus
  04h 14m 15.77s −12° 44′ 21.9″ 206.477 -40.565 NGC 1535 1785 3960+330
−280[1] 		10.5 Eridanus
04h 15m 54.53s 48° 49′ 40.1″ 153.770 -1.407 PN K 3-65 1969 35000+7000
−7000[2] 		17.0 Perseus
04h 20m 45.20s 56° 18′ 12.1″ 149.066 +4.452 PN K 4-47 1969 33800+6800
−6800[2] 		18.0 Camelopardalis Prominent double-lobed shape
04h 22m 56.10s 53° 47′ 09.4″ 151.074 +2.897 2MASS J04225609+5347093 2009 8200+99999
−5100[1] 		19.2 Camelopardalis Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula
04h 25m 50.84s 60° 07′ 12.8″ 146.795 +7.601 PN M 4-18 1970 33700+17300
−8500[1] 		14.0 Camelopardalis
04h 27m 54.38s 48° 10′ 08.6″ 155.641 -0.467 2MASS J04275437+4810085 2009 20.2 Perseus Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula
04h 29m 26.85s 45° 16′ 10.2″ 157.921 -2.279 2MASS J04292684+4516101 2009 5030+970
−700[1] 		17.1 Perseus Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula
04h 36m 37.24s 33° 39′ 30.1″ 167.463 -9.111 PN K 3-66 1969 11500+32700
−4900[1] 		14.5 Perseus Binary central star
04h 37m 21.35s 42° 47′ 10.1″ 160.712 -2.921 PN G160.7-02.9 1994 20600+5300
−4300[note 5] 		20.0 Perseus
04h 37m 23.43s 25° 02′ 38.9″ 174.248 -14.605 PN H 3-29 1953 29000+99999
−20000[1] 		14.8 Taurus
04h 38m 26.06s 48° 29′ 02.3″ 156.477 +1.141 PN G156.4+01.1 2014 3000+500
−500[note 6] 		18.1 Perseus Central star not confirmed, binary central star if confirmed
04h 39m 47.93s 36° 45′ 42.6″ 165.543 -6.574 PN K 3-67 1969 11300+2300
−2300[2] 		13.2 Perseus
04h 42m 53.62s 36° 06′ 53.4″ 166.446 -6.528 RAFGL 618 1975 11800+2400
−2400[2] 		13.0 Perseus Young planetary nebula
04h 43m 21.26s 46° 42′ 05.8″ 158.486 +0.472 SH 2-216 1955 410.8+3.5
−3.4[1] 		12.8 Perseus ~264,000 years old[3]; Second largest planetary nebula in the sky in angular size.
04h 44m 37.76s 37° 39′ 15.2″ 165.497 -5.263 PN Kn 37 2013 3440+2310
−990[1] 		18.3 Perseus
04h 45m 20.08s 59° 09′ 16.6″ 149.179 +8.794 PN Kn 34 2013 5810+1390
−940[1] 		17.7 Camelopardalis Binary central star
04h 46m 43.04s 44° 28′ 01.4″ 160.564 -0.540 PN G160.5-00.5 1977 12300+3200
−2500[note 5] 		20.7 Perseus
04h 53m 58.36s 46° 58′ 43.5″ 159.443 +2.040 PN G159.4+02.0 2014 20.6 Auriga Not confirmed as a planetary nebula, near the molecular cloud PGCC G160.03+01.82
04h 54m 31.00s 42° 16′ 40.8″ 163.154 -0.848 PN G163.1-00.8 1977 13700+3600
−2800[note 5] 		18.5 Auriga
04h 56m 25.14s 43° 49′ 32.0″ 162.167 +0.394 IPHAS J045625.15+434931.8 2009 2510+2050
−780[1] 		18.3 Auriga Proto-planetary nebula
04h 56m 28.21s 50° 17′ 17.6″ 157.118 +4.435 PN G157.1+04.4 2014 1680+590
−350[1] 		19.6 Auriga nearly invisible outside of Halpha
04h 58m 47.77s 37° 36′ 39.8″ 167.314 -3.121 PN G167.3-03.1 2014 21500+5600
−4400[note 5] 		20.5 Auriga
05h 02m 19.46s 48° 03′ 37.6″ 159.469 +3.817 2MASS J05021945+4803375 2009 9500+99999
−5700[1] 		18.6 Auriga Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula
05h 03m 01.73s −39° 45′ 44.5″ 243.833 -37.109 PN PRTM 1 1987 34000+36000
−11000[1] 		15.5 Caelum Halo nebula
05h 03m 07.53s −15° 36′ 22.7″ 215.570 -30.855 Abell 7 1955 1614+60
−56[1] 		15.5 Lepus
05h 03m 27.55s 41° 42′ 17.3″ 164.633 +0.101 CoMaC 1 1983 25500+7600
−4800[1] 		13.6 Auriga Not confirmed as a planetary nebula
05h 03m 41.85s −06° 10′ 03.0″ 205.874 -26.731 PN MaC 2-1 1982 85000+99999
−74000[1] 		14.4 Eridanus
05h 05m 34.28s 10° 42′ 22.9″ 190.393 -17.760 Jonckheere 320 1916 9600+3900
−2200[1] 		14.2 Orion
05h 06m 38.42s 39° 08′ 08.7″ 167.044 -0.973 Abell 8 1955 2800+6200
−1200[1] 		19.0 Auriga
05h 11m 52.58s 30° 27′ 55.2″ 174.669 -5.260 IPHASX J051151.3+302814 2013 17.0 Auriga Binary central star; extremely old and diffuse
05h 14m 07.77s 13° 50′ 28.2″ 188.857 -14.294 IRAS 05113+1347 1988 31000+99999
−21000[1] 		11.5 Orion Proto-planetary nebula
05h 17m 37.19s 39° 30′ 07.0″ 168.000 +0.958 PN G167.9+00.9 2014 5880+640
−520[1] 		15.5 Auriga Central star not confirmed (outside of nebula); binary central star
05h 25m 31.18s 28° 19′ 46.7″ 178.131 -4.041 PN G178.1-04.0 2011 68000+12000
−12000[6] 		18.5 Taurus Halo nebula
05h 25m 56.74s 07° 48′ 23.2″ 195.736 -15.035 PN Ga 1 2015 19.9 Orion
  Spirograph Nebula 05h 27m 28.21s −12° 41′ 50.3″ 215.212 -24.284 IC 418 1891 5050+450
−380[1] 		9.6 Lepus
05h 28m 56.74s 36° 03′ 05.3″ 172.112 +0.855 Abell 9 1955 19.2 Auriga
05h 31m 35.85s 28° 58′ 41.3″ 178.327 -2.571 PN K 3-68 1969 6000+1500
−1200[note 5] 		18.5 Taurus
05h 31m 45.69s 06° 56′ 02.0″ 197.271 -14.238 PN K 1-7 1963 12700+2500
−2500[2][note 7] 		17.0 Orion
05h 32m 09.27s 30° 18′ 53.1″ 177.273 -1.740 2MASS J05320926+3018531 2009 15000+99999
−8900[1] 		18.4 Auriga Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula
05h 37m 36.23s 55° 32′ 15.8″ 156.309 +12.545 PN HDW 4 1982 972+29
−27[1] 		16.5 Auriga Extremely diffuse
05h 37m 57.96s 17° 06′ 18.5″ 189.183 -7.697 PN Pa 9 2013 15000+99999
−13000[1] 		20.1 Taurus
05h 38m 17.88s 31° 39′ 34.8″ 176.853 +0.095 2MASS J05381788+3139349 2009 16400+17000
−5500[1] 		16.1 Auriga Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula
05h 40m 44.76s 31° 44′ 31.3″ 177.060 +0.580 Teutsch PN J0540.7+3144 2006 9800+2600
−2000[note 5] 		20.1 Auriga
05h 40m 44.97s 12° 21′ 22.5″ 193.647 -9.575 PN H 3-75 1953 14100+2800
−2000[1] 		13.8 Orion
05h 40m 57.05s 10° 14′ 25.0″ 195.524 -10.607 HD 246299 1918 3410+150
−140[1] 		10.5 Orion
05h 41m 22.13s 39° 15′ 08.0″ 170.740 +4.651 PN K 3-69 1969 58000+12000
−12000[2] 		16.6 Auriga
  05h 42m 06.19s 09° 05′ 10.6″ 196.685 -10.942 NGC 2022 1785 6140+1070
−790[1] 		12.8 Orion
05h 42m 34.15s 36° 09′ 07.3″ 173.511 +3.227 PN G173.5+03.2 1980 19.0 Auriga Possibly binary central star
05h 45m 58.26s 02° 21′ 06.2″ 203.172 -13.407 CRTS J054558.3+022106 2012 2120+3500
−810[1] 		18.7 Orion Cataclysmic variable binary central star
05h 46m 50.01s 24° 22′ 02.8″ 184.045 -2.142 PN M 1-5 1970 23400+4700
−4700[2] 		14.6 Taurus
05h 52m 42.82s 26° 21′ 16.0″ 183.022 +0.018 IRAS 05495+2620 1989 9400+5500
−2500[1] 		17.1 Taurus
05h 52m 48.46s 28° 05′ 59.2″ 181.530 +0.923 PN Pu 1 1978 6700+1300
−1300[2] 		18.8 Taurus
05h 55m 06.61s −22° 54′ 02.4″ 228.214 -22.143 V* AB Lep 1980 6220+330
−300[1] 		12.4 ~23,500 years old[3] binary central star
  05h 56m 23.90s 46° 06′ 17.2″ 166.156 +10.475 IC 2149 1906 13600+7900
−3700[1] 		10.6 Auriga
05h 57m 02.17s −75° 40′ 22.5″ 286.877 -29.577 PN K 1-27 1977 2400+6000
−3600[1] 		16.5 Mensa
05h 57m 07.99s 15° 25′ 31.1″ 192.994 -4.595 KLSS 1-5 1994 2400+3010
−860[1] 		20.0 Orion
05h 58m 45.36s 25° 18′ 43.9″ 184.607 +0.667 PN K 3-70 1969 64000+13000
−13000[2] 		17.5 Orion
05h 59m 24.87s 10° 41′ 40.4″ 197.405 -6.442 PN G197.4-06.4 1982 1810+140
−120[1] 		17.2 Orion ~96,900 years old,[3] extremely diffuse
06h 00m 04.54s 16° 51′ 26.0″ 192.099 -3.271 2MASS J06000454+1651259 2009 9200+99999
−4800[1] 		19.0 Orion
06h 02m 06.87s −37° 25′ 25.2″ 243.787 -25.343 PN K 2-12 1971 6990+790
−650[1] 		16.2 Columba Not confirmed as a planetary nebula
06h 02m 20.00s 09° 39′ 13.7″ 198.672 -6.320 Abell 12 1966 5200+5300
−1800[1] 		16.8 Orion Located behind Mu Orionis and difficult to see
06h 03m 28.16s 15° 41′ 06.5″ 193.522 -3.139 PN G193.5-03.1 2014 21800+5700
−4500[note 5] 		22.0 Orion
06h 04m 12.29s 19° 00′ 32.0″ 190.709 -1.356 PN G190.7-01.3 2014 20700+5400
−4200[note 5] 		21.9 Orion
06h 04m 16.27s 13° 32′ 50.3″ 195.486 -4.014 PN G195.4-04.0 2014 24800+10800
−5800[1] 		14.8 Orion Binary central star
06h 04m 47.90s 03° 56′ 35.8″ 204.024 -8.516 Abell 13 1955 6790+1400
−1400[2] 		19.5 Orion ~16,100 years old[3]
06h 05m 15.15s 20° 40′ 36.6″ 189.376 -0.324 IRAS 06022+2040 2009 17500+83200
−7900[1] 		18.1 Orion Proto-planetary nebula
06h 09m 26.79s 24° 55′ 20.0″ 186.135 +2.584 UCAC2 40488252 2009 6920+1220
−900[1] 		15.0 Gemini Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula
06h 11m 08.66s 11° 46′ 43.8″ 197.849 -3.400 Abell 14 1955 16700+3800
−2600[1] 		15.2 Orion Binary central star
06h 13m 17.53s 15° 19′ 57.9″ 194.977 -1.239 2MASS J06131753+1519577 2009 19.7 Orion Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula
06h 13m 54.99s 26° 52′ 57.2″ 184.891 +4.405 PN K 3-71 1969 6000+1600
−1200[2] 		18.0 Gemini
06h 14m 17.27s 22° 54′ 18.6″ 188.438 +2.589 2MASS J06141726+2254185 2009 5400+3100
−1400[1] 		18.4 Gemini Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula
06h 14m 33.62s 07° 34′ 30.1″ 201.958 -4.660 PN We 1-4 1977 19900+5200
−4200[note 5] 		21.2 Orion
06h 15m 20.36s −00° 25′ 49.6″ 209.176 -8.223 PHR J0615-0025 2006 9300+2400
−1900[note 5] 		20.2 Orion
06h 16m 11.35s 28° 11′ 11.0″ 183.812 +5.549 PN G183.8+05.5 1981 21.0 Gemini Central star unidentified
06h 16m 15.38s −00° 00′ 25.0″ 208.902 -7.825 PN G208.9-07.8 1995 6000+8700
−2200[1] 		18.3 Orion Behind the 7.4 magnitude star HD 43443
06h 19m 33.94s 55° 36′ 43.91″ 158.922 +17.855 PN PuWe 1 1980 1344+47
−44[1] 		15.4 Lynx ~38,400 years old;[3] Extremely diffuse
  Red Rectangle 06h 19m 58.22s −10° 38′ 14.7″ 218.968 -11.765 HD 44179 1915 2300+300
−300[7] 		9.0 Monoceros Proto-planetary nebula, Binary central star
06h 21m 42.78s −12° 59′ 14.0″ 221.324 -12.394 IC 2165 1898 12100+2400
−2400[2] 		10.0 Canis Major
06h 23m 37.15s −10° 13′ 23.6″ 218.987 -10.777 PN HDW 5 1983 3610+360
−300[1] 		16.1 Monoceros significantly weighted to the north
06h 23m 54.86s 05° 30′ 13.4″ 204.884 -3.578 PN K 3-72 1969 8400+2200
−1700[note 5] 		16.8 Monoceros
06h 24m 23.36s 09° 24′ 17.4″ 201.484 -1.655 2MASS J06242336+0924174 2009 11200+21500
−4400[1] 		18.2 Monoceros Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula
06h 25m 57.27s 17° 47′ 27.1″ 194.243 +2.596 PN VV 28 1916 12700+2500
−2500[2] 		12.5 Gemini
06h 27m 02.04s −25° 22′ 49.7″ 233.533 -16.314 Abell 15 1966 21600+13100
−5900[1] 		15.7 Canis Major ~3,370 years old[3]
06h 28m 03.47s 12° 46′ 16.1″ 198.925 +0.711 IRAS 06252+1248 1988 4000+400
−330[1] 		9.6 Gemini proto-planetary nebula
06h 29m 33.96s 71° 04′ 36.4″ 143.595 +23.818 EGB 4 1983 1213+17
−17[1] 		13.3 Camelopardalis ~8,050 years old[3]
06h 29m 38.03s 06° 52′ 17.5″ 204.331 -1.684 PN G204.3-01.6 2014 6400+1700
−1100[1] 		17.1 Monoceros Binary central star, could be related to open cluster NGC 2236.
06h 32m 23.90s 15° 04′ 12.6″ 197.373 +2.708 PN G197.3+02.7 2014 22800+5900
−4700[note 5] 		22.1 Gemini
06h 33m 09.62s −01° 35′ 16.9″ 212.262 -4.790 PN G212.2-04.7 2006 17400+4400
−3600[note 5] 		21.5 Monoceros
06h 33m 24.89s −18° 08′ 25.9″ 227.321 -12.029 PN G227.3-12.0 2006 4500+12200
−1900[1] 		19.4 Canis Major
06h 34m 07.35s 44° 46′ 37.8″ 170.314 +15.872 NGC 2242 1886 8000+3000
−1700[1] 		15.4 Auriga
06h 35m 45.12s −00° 05′ 37.4″ 211.225 -3.532 PN M 1-6 1971 8900+9300
−3000[1] 		15.8 Monoceros Mostly invisible outside of Halpha
06h 37m 20.92s 24° 00′ 35.4″ 189.894 +7.793 PN M 1-7 1965 22000+4400
−4400[2] 		15.3 Gemini
06h 37m 39.13s −18° 57′ 23.7″ 228.510 -11.463 PN G228.5-11.4 1994 28400+10400
−5800[note 5] 		22.6 Canis Major Almost invisbile outside of Halpha
06h 39m 34.25s 06° 21′ 16.9″ 205.927 +0.269 2MASS J06393425+0621170 2009 2800+14600
−1300[1] 		20.0 Monoceros Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula
06h 39m 55.86s 11° 06′ 30.8″ 201.739 +2.523 PN K 4-48 1969 44600+8900
−8900[2] 		13.2 Monoceros
06h 39m 58.13s −05° 54′ 57.1″ 216.907 -5.237 MPA J0639-0554 2008 99999+91000
−99999[1] 		18.3 Monoceros
06h 40m 09.28s 21° 24′ 48.6″ 192.531 +7.221 PN HDW 6 1982 7400[3] 20.0 Gemini ~20,300 years old[3] no central star (white dwarf outside of nebula)
06h 41m 34.59s −05° 02′ 35.5″ 216.307 -4.486 PN We 1-5 1977 3900+2300
−1100[1] 		18.4 Monoceros ~10,200 years old[3]
06h 42m 18.40s −04° 17′ 48.8″ 215.723 -3.986 PN G215.7-03.9 2008 1160+170
−130[1] 		18.7 Monoceros Extremely old and diffuse
06h 43m 26.12s 16° 48′ 51.4″ 197.022 +5.864 PN G197.0+05.8 1994 2420+920
−520[1] 		18.5 Gemini
06h 43m 55.42s 61° 47′ 24.6″ 153.770 +22.832 Abell 16 1955 5800+6000
−2000[1] 		18.7 Lynx ~23,800 years old[3]
06h 45m 03.44s −02° 17′ 52.5″ 214.251 -2.467 PN G214.2-02.4 2006 20.4 Monoceros Central star unidentified
06h 46m 25.46s −12° 35′ 52.4″ 223.633 -6.803 PN G223.6-06.8 2006 20.4 Canis Major
06h 46m 25.95s 08° 29′ 09.3″ 204.806 +2.755 Riddle PN J0646.4+0828 2006 12300+3200
−2500[note 5] 		20.6 Monoceros
06h 47m 04.17s 04° 37′ 17.7″ 208.321 +1.136 PN K 4-50 1969 39000+55000
−14000[1] 		16.2 Monoceros Proto-planetary nebula
06h 48m 43.45s −07° 19′ 42.7″ 219.157 -3.935 PN G219.1-03.9 2006 21.0 Monoceros Not confirmed as a planetary nebula
06h 49m 02.77s −18° 16′ 38.7″ 229.062 -8.733 MPA J0649-1816 2008 18.7 Canis Major
06h 50m 40.42s 00° 13′ 41.9″ 212.642 -0.066 PHR J0650+0013 2006 32000+99999
−14000[1] 		15.2 Monoceros Binary central star
06h 50m 40.71s −22° 26′ 11.5″ 233.034 -10.181 PN G233.0-10.1 1987 2320+4590
−930[1] 		20.1 Canis Major
06h 51m 07.20s −02° 57′ 07.0″ 215.523 -1.416 PN G215.5-01.4 2006 19.9 Monoceros Behind magnitude 7.7 star HD 50025; central star unidentified
06h 52m 19.74s −12° 40′ 41.3″ 224.351 -5.549 PHR J0652-1240 2006 5200+20000
−2300[1] 		19.6 Canis Major
06h 52m 20.20s −09° 51′ 34.7″ 221.825 -4.281 PHR J0652-0951 2006 21.3 Monoceros
06h 52m 23.17s 09° 57′ 55.8″ 204.150 +4.734 PN K 2-2 1963 2820+150
−140[1] 		14.3 Monoceros ~62,100 years old[3]
06h 53m 22.53s 02° 58′ 34.9″ 210.503 +1.787 IRAS 06507+0302 1988 65000+99999
−27000[1] 		15.3 Monoceros Not confirmed as a planetary nebula
06h 53m 28.81s 30° 55′ 04.3″ 185.054 +13.951 IRAS F06502+3058 1988 3190+260
−220[1] 		12.2 Gemini Proto-planetary nebula; binary central star
06h 53m 33.75s 03° 08′ 27.0″ 210.378 +1.904 PN M 1-8 1968 13400+2700
−2700[note 5] 		12.5 Monoceros
06h 54m 13.44s −10° 45′ 38.3″ 222.841 -4.273 IRAS 06518-1041 1988 57000+43000
−17000[1] 		13.8 Monoceros Binary central star
06h 54m 20.80s −25° 24′ 33.6″ 236.132 -10.687 PN HaWe 9 1987 11500+99999
−6900[1] 		19.5 Canis Major
06h 54m 09.00s −44° 57′ 59.0″ 254.742 -18.348 [FMP2006b] Fr 2-24 2013 20.0 Puppis Central star not identified
06h 55m 12.24s −29° 07′ 28.9″ 239.654 -12.073 ESO 427-19 1983 56000+99999
−52000[1] 		18.9 Canis Major
06h 55m 31.82s −02° 17′ 28.2″ 215.437 -0.135 IRAS 06530-0213 1988 99999+84000
−99999[1] 		14.1 Monoceros Proto-planetary nebula
06h 55m 59.95s −23° 56′ 49.4″ 234.951 -9.723 PN G234.9-09.7 2008 9600+24800
−4000[1] 		19.1 Canis Major
06h 56m 14.61s −02° 53′ 07.9″ 216.048 -0.247 Abell 18 1955 12400+3200
−2600[note 5] 		20.9 Monoceros
06h 57m 07.10s −23° 34′ 24.4″ 234.721 -9.331 IRAS 06549-2330 1988 6700+99999
−3600[1] 		15.6 Canis Major Not confirmed as a proto-planetary nebula
06h 59m 23.77s 18° 26′ 49.7″ 197.225 +9.997 PN Kn 39 2013 10300+2700
−2100[note 5] 		20.1 Gemini
06h 59m 26.41s −79° 38′ 47.1″ 291.375 -26.294 PN Vo 1 1986 1980+490
−330[1] 		15.8 Mensa Proto-planetary nebula
06h 59m 56.43s 14° 36′ 34.0″ 200.786 +8.451 Abell 19 1955 7600+1500
−1500[note 5] 		20.2 Gemini ~20,700 years old[3] central star obscured
  Glowing eye NGC 6751 6.5 11.9 Aquila
  NGC 6210 4.7 9.3 Hercules
  Ghost of Jupiter NGC 3242 1785 1.4 8.6 Hydra
  Blinking Planetary NGC 6826 2.0 8.8 Cygnus
  Dumbbell Nebula M27 NGC 6853 1764 1.36 +0.16
−0.21 		7.5 Vulpecula
  Ring Nebula M57 NGC 6720 1779 2.3 +1.5
−0.7 		9 Lyra
  Eskimo Nebula NGC 2392 1787 2.9 (approx.) 10.1 Gemini
  Cat's Eye Nebula NGC 6543 1786 3.3 ± 0.9 9.8B Draco
  Little Ghost Nebula NGC 6369 1800 (prior to) 9.9 Ophiuchus
  Medusa Nebula 1955 1.0 (approx.) 15.99 Gemini
  NGC 7027 1878 3.0 (approx.) 10 Cygnus
  Helix Nebula NGC 7293 1824 0.68 +0.15
−0.08 		7.6 Aquarius
  Owl Nebula M97 NGC 3587 1781 2.6 (approx.) 9.9 Ursa Major
  Twin Jet Nebula or
Butterfly Nebula 		M2-9 1947 2.1 14.7 Ophiuchus
  Footprint Nebula M1-92 1946 15.0 (maximum) 11.7 Cygnus
  Butterfly Nebula NGC 2346 1802 3.9 (approx.) 11.9 Monoceros
  Abell 39 1955 6.8 (approx.) 13.7 Hercules
  Jones-Emberson 1 PK 164+31.1 1939 1.6 (approx.) 14.0 Lynx
  Lemon Slice Nebula IC 3568 1918 4.5 (approx.) 12 Camelopardalis
  Soap Bubble Nebula PN G75.5 1.7 2008 4 (approx.) Cygnus
  IC 4593 1907 12 10.84 Hercules
  IC 4997 8 11 Sagitta
  NGC 2371 1785 4.3 13 Gemini
  NGC 6572 1825 2.5 8.1 Ophiuchus
  NGC 6781 1788 2.5 11.4 Aquila
  NGC 6790 1882 11 10.5 Aquila
  NGC 6881 1881 13.8 Cygnus
  NGC 6884 1883 6.5 10.9 Cygnus
  NGC 6891 1884 7.2 10.5 Delphinus
  NGC 6905 1784 7.5 (approx.) 10.9 Delphinus
  Fetus Nebula NGC 7008 1787 2.7 12 Cygnus
  Blue Snowball Nebula NGC 7662 1784 8.6 Andromeda
  Abell 78 1966 13 Cygnus
  Abell 31 1955 2 12.2 Cancer
  Soccer Ball Nebula Kronberger 61 2011 13 18.4 Cygnus
  Hen 2-47 6.6 Carina
  Red Spider Nebula NGC 6537 1888 (prior to) 3.9 (approx.) 11.9 Sagittarius
  NGC 6565 14 Sagittarius
  Bug Nebula NGC 6302 1888 (prior to) 3.4 ± 0.5 7.1B Scorpius
  Saturn Nebula NGC 7009 1782 3.0 (approx.) 8.0 Aquarius
  Eight-burst Nebula NGC 3132 1888 (prior to) 2.6 (approx.) 9.87 Vela
  NGC 2438 1786 2.9 (approx.) 11.5 Puppis
  Retina Nebula IC 4406 1888–1907 2.0 (approx.) Lupus
  NGC 2440 1790 3.6 (approx.) 9.3 Puppis
  Stingray Nebula Hen 3-1357 1989 18 (approx.) 10.75 Ara
  Spiral Planetary Nebula NGC 5189 1835 2.6 (approx.) 9.5 Musca
  Mz 1 1922 3.4 ± 0.5 12.0 Norma
  Ant Nebula Mz 3 1922 8.0 (approx.) 13.8 Norma
  Shapley 1 PLN 329+2.1 1936 ~1 12.6 Norma
  Hourglass Nebula MyCn18 1996 8.0 (approx.) 13.0 Musca
  NGC 3918 1834 4.9 8.5 Centaurus
  Fleming 1 G290.5+07.9
ESO 170-6 		1888? 7.9 13.1 Centaurus
  Southern Owl Nebula PN K 1-22
ESO 378-1 		1971[8] 4.3[9] 17.4[10] Hydra
  IC 4191 1907 11.6 Musca
  IC 4634 1893 7.5 11.3 Ophiuchus
  IC 4637 1901 7.8 12.5 Scorpius
  NGC 2792 1835 11.6 Vela
  NGC 4361 1785 3 (approx.) 10.9 Corvus
  NGC 5307 1836 10 11.2 Centaurus
  NGC 5315 1883 7 (approx.) 9.8 Circinus
  NGC 5882 1834 9.4 Lupus
  Box Nebula NGC 6309 1876 11.5 Ophiuchus
  NGC 6326 1826 11 12.2 Ara
  NGC 6563 1826 11 Sagittarius
  NGC 6629 1784 11.3 Sagittarius
  Phantom Streak Nebula NGC 6741 1882 7 11 Aquila
  Little Gem Nebula NGC 6818 1787 6 9.3 Sagittarius
  Abell 36 1955 0.78 Virgo
  M 1-42 10 Sagittarius

Notes edit

  1. ^ Gaia DR2 has a distance measurement of Abell 2's central white dwarf, but the measured parallax is an impossible -0.67 ± 0.57 mas, only ruling out the star being closer than 10,000 light-years away.
  2. ^ upper limit for distance based on H-R diagram dynamics
  3. ^ The central star has a measured parallax in Gaia DR2 of -0.33 +/- 0.34 mas, which conflicts highly with other distance estimations.
  4. ^ based on the luminosity of the central white dwarf
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u based on luminosity of the central star
  6. ^ Gaia parallax is almost certainly in error, value is based on assumptions about companion star luminosity
  7. ^ Gaia measures a parallax of the central star as an impossible -1.24 ± 0.37 mas.

Data values are sourced from the individual articles, where available, for each nebula. Please see the article of the nebula in question for data references.

Many distances are estimates (denoted by the approx. suffix), as true distances are difficult to infer for planetary nebulae. Please see main article, Planetary nebulae, for more details on distance estimates.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef Gaia
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Haywood, M.; Stanghellini, L. (3 March 2010). "The Galactic structure and chemical evolution traced by the population of planetary nebulae". doi:10.1088/0004-637X/714/2/1096. Retrieved 13 February 2019. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Ali, A.; Sabin, L.; Snaid, S.; Basurah, H. M. (10 May 2012). "Interacting planetary nebulae". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A98. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118389. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  4. ^ Preite-Martinez, A. (December 1988). "Possible new planetary nebulae in the IRAS point source catalogue". ui.adsabs.harvard.edu. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  5. ^ Henry, R. B. C.; Kwitter, Karen B.; Jaskot, Anne E.; Balick, Bruce; Morrison, Michael A.; Milingo, Jacquelynne B. (20 November 2010). "ABUNDANCES OF GALACTIC ANTICENTER PLANETARY NEBULAE AND THE OXYGEN ABUNDANCE GRADIENT IN THE GALACTIC DISK". The Astrophysical Journal. 724 (1): 748–761. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/724/1/748. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  6. ^ Viironen, K.; Mampaso, A.; Corradi, R. L. M.; Drew, J. E.; Frew, D. J.; Giammanco, C.; Greimel, R.; Liimets, T.; Lindberg, J. E.; Rodríguez, M.; Sabin, L.; Sale, S. E.; Wilson, P. A.; Zijlstra, A. (19 May 2011). "A new planetary nebula in the outer reaches of the Galaxy". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 530: A107. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014897. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  7. ^ Men'shchikov, A. B.; Schertl, D.; Tuthill, P. G.; Weigelt, G.; Yungelson, L. R. (1 October 2002). "Properties of the close binary and circumbinary torus of the Red Rectangle". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 393 (3): 867–885. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020859. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  8. ^ Kohoutek, L. (1971). "New planetary nebula". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 13: 493. Bibcode:1971A&A....13..493K.
  9. ^ Jacob, R.; Schönberner, D.; Steffen, M. (2013). "The evolution of planetary nebulae". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 558: A78. arXiv:1307.6189. Bibcode:2013A&A...558A..78J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321532. ISSN 0004-6361.
  10. ^ Phillips, J. P. (2005). "The distances of highly evolved planetary nebulae". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 357 (2): 619–625. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.357..619P. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08676.x. ISSN 0035-8711.

List of neutron stars edit

The following is a list of known neutron stars.

Name RA DEC Distance (LY) Age (Myr) Spin rate (Hz) Radial velocity (km/s) Proper motion velocity (km/s)
PSR J0437-47 04h 37m 15.93s −47° 15′ 09.3″ 392+35
−29		 1590 0.0057575 80.9+8.3
−7.1
RX J1856.6-3754 18h 56m 35.11s −37° 54′ 30.5″ 400+50
−40		 3.76 7.0552 193+25
−20
PSR J2144-3939 21h 04m 12.10s −39° 33′ 55.2″ 539+55
−46		 272 8.5098
PSR B1749-28 17h 52m 58.69s −28° 06′ 36.3″ 1960+1420
−580		 1.1 0.56256

List of supernovae in 2019 edit

The following is a list of supernovae either less than 200 million light-years from the Milky Way, brighter than magnitude 17, occurring in a notable galaxy, or notable for other reasons, that occurred in 2019.

Date Name RA DEC Host galaxy Separation from
galaxy core
(arcsec) 		Redshift Distance
(mly) 		Type Peak
apparent
magnitude 		Absolute
magnitude 		Notes
2019-01-02 SN 2019be 13h 00m 14.52s 27° 57′ 24.2″ NGC 4898 40.9 0.02303 305 Ia (91bg-like) 18.5 -16.4 In the Coma Cluster
2019-01-02 SN 2019el 00h 02m 56.70s 32° 32′ 52.3″ N/A N/A 0.0005 7 IIn 17.4 -9.3
2019-01-08 SN 2019lc 11h 52m 30.70s 20° 37′ 32.2″ IC 2968 2.9 0.02204 292 16.3 -18.5
2019-01-08 SN 2019ail 10h 28m 27.28s 12° 42′ 21.8″ NGC 3253 7.2 0.03234 427 IIb 18.8 -16.9
2019-01-09 SN 2019np 10h 29m 21.98s 29° 30′ 38.3″ NGC 3254 74.2 0.00456 120 Ia 13.9 -18.9
2019-01-10 SN 2019ow 12h 03m 46.45s 03° 32′ 47.8″ NGC 4058 39.3 0.01935 256 18.1 -16.4
2019-01-11 SN 2019rf 03h 12m 13.52s 67° 24′ 35.0″ LEDA 165356 27.8 0.01042 138 17.9 -15.3
2019-01-12 SN 2019rn 02h 17m 59.61s 14° 32′ 00.4″ NGC 877 37.8 0.01341 154 IIb 16.6 -16.8
2019-01-14 SN 2019so 12h 42m 36.42s −40° 44′ 46.8″ NGC 4622 15.5 0.01457 193 Ia (91bg-like) 18.5 -15.1
2019-01-16 SN 2019ui 16h 48m 03.48s 26° 12′ 42.5″ NGC 6228 12.8 0.03419 451 II 18.6 -17.2
2019-01-17 SN 2019va 13h 35m 14.69s 44° 45′ 58.7″ UGC 8577 23.8 0.00881 117 IIP 15.9 -16.9
2019-01-17 SN 2019aai 16h 32m 20.74s 19° 50′ 24.4″ NGC 6181 48.7 0.00791 105 II 17.8 -14.8
2019-01-20 SN 2019yz 15h 41m 57.30s 00° 42′ 39.4″ UGC 9977 34.7 0.00639 88 Ic 15.9 -16.3
2019-01-22 SN 2019yc 00h 39m 34.99s 00° 52′ 04.7″ NGC 201 28.9 0.01461 194 II 16.7 -17.2
2019-01-29 SN 2019ahg 13h 31m 48.01s −02° 36′ 30.9″ IC 893 14.1 0.02025 268 Ic 17.9 -16.7
2019-01-30 SN 2019aik 10h 37m 38.38s 37° 27′ 29.5″ NGC 3304 10.9 0.02314 306 Ia 15.6 -19.3
2019-01-31 SN 2019all 06h 06m 51.41s −75° 21′ 47.8″ IC 2164 5.9 0.03747 494 Ib/c 19.1 -16.9
2019-06-01 SN 2019guc 06h 47m 49.79s 74° 29′ 46.0″ NGC 2258 53.3 0.01329 186 16.7 -17.1
2019-06-01 AT 2019gwl 20h 56m 52.70s −16° 35′ 09.2″ IC 1337 0.4 0.03079 430 19.1 -16.6 Not confirmed to be a supernova
2019-06-02 SN 2019gsc 14h 37m 45.20s 52° 43′ 36.3″ LEDA 52275 11.0 0.01130 158 Iax (02xc-like) 19.7 -13.9
2019-06-07 SN 2019hez 17h 49m 43.96s 48° 27′ 36.1″ 2MFGC 14062 10.8 0.0113 158 Ia 18.8 -14.8
2019-06-10 SN 2019hhk 14h 54m 12.52s 04° 44′ 59.4″ IC 1071 0.6 0.02769 366 16.7 -18.6

List of largest uninhabited islands edit

Rank Name Area (km2) Country or countries Latitude
1 Devon Island 55247   Canada +75 08 00
2 Alexander Island 49070   Antarctica -71 00 00
3 Severny Island 48904   Russia +75 30 00
4 Berkner Island 43873   Antarctica -79 30 00
5 Axel Heiberg Island 43178   Canada +79 26 00
6 Melville Island 42149   Canada +75 30 00
7 Prince of Wales Island 33339   Canada +72 40 00
8 Yuzhny Island 33260   Russia +72 00 00
9 Somerset Island 24786   Canada +73 15 00
10 Bathurst Island 16042   Canada +75 46 00
11 Prince Patrick Island 15848   Canada +76 45 00
12 Thurston Island 15700   Antarctica -72 06 00
13 Nordauslandet 14450   Norway +79 48 00
14 October Revolution Island 14190   Russia +79 30 00
15 Ellef Ringnes Island 11295   Canada +78 37 00
16 Bolshevik Island 11250   Russia +78 38 00
17 Bylot Island 11067   Canada +73 16 00
18 Prince Charles Island 9521   Canada +67 47 00
19 Komsomolets Island 8900   Russia +80 29 03
20 Carney Island 8500   Antarctica -73 57 00
21 Roosevelt Island 7700   Antarctica -79 25 00
22 Wrangel Island 7700   Russia +71 14 00
24 Siple Island 6390   Antarctica -73 51 00
25 New Siberia 6200   Russia +75 05 14
26 Coats Island 5498   Canada +62 35 00
27 Amund Ringnes ISland 5255   Canada +78 20 00
28 Bolshoy Lyakovsky Island 5157   Russia +73 24 00
29 Edgeøya 5073   Norway +77 45 00
30 Mackenzie King Island 5048   Canada +77 45 00
31 Stefansson Island 4463   Canada +73 30 00
32 Spaatz Island 4100   Antarctica -73 12 00
33 Milne Land 3913   Greenland +70 41 00
34 Santa Inés Island 3688   Chile -53 45 00
35 Traill Island 3542   Greenland +72 32 00
36 Vaygach Island 3350   Russia +69 59 49
37 Mansel Island 3180   Canada +62 00 00
38 Akimiski Island 3001   Canada +53 00 00

List of comet groups edit

The following is a list of known families of comets in the Solar System. Comets are exceptionally prone to breaking apart among Solar System objects, due to the forces involved in their slow disintegration as the ices and volatiles they are marde up of slowly evaporate.

Kreutz Sungrazers edit

  • C/1668 E1
  • C/1843 D1

Kracht Group edit

Meyer group edit

Marsden group edit

C/1742 C1 group edit

  • C/1742 C1
  • C/1907 G1

C/1844 Y1 group edit

  • C/1844 Y1
  • C/2019 Y4

C/1915 R1 group edit

  • C/1915 R1
  • C/2016 R3

C/1988 A1 (Liller) Group edit

Members of the C/1988 A1 (Liller) Group
Name Semimajor axis Perihelion distance Eccentricity Inclination Longitude of the ascending node Argument of perihelion Perihelion date Obital period M1
C/1988 A1 (Liller) 245.24±0.63 0.84134769±0.00000076 0.9965692±0.0000088 73.32227±0.00009 31.51563±0.00017 57.38917±0.00009 1988-03-31 3840±15 9.7±1.0
C/1996 Q1 (Tabur) 601±69 0.839802±0.000016 0.99860±0.00016 73.3555±0.0014 31.3996±0.0012 57.4131±0.0036 1996-11-03 14700±2500 11.0±1.0
C/2015 F3 (SWAN) 231.8±3.1 0.834442±0.000017 0.996400±0.000048 73.38651±0.00033 31.63951±0.00058 57.5663±0.0017 2015-03-09 3529±70 14.2±1.0
C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS) 240.03±0.17 0.83782418±0.00000034 0.9965095±0.0000024 73.348145±0.000023 31.366317±0.000040 57.498232±0.000035 2020-03-15 3718.9±3.9 11.9±1.0

List of temporary moons of Jupiter edit

The following comets between 1800 and 2200 will become, or have been briefly gravitationally bound to Jupiter as temporary satellites:

D/1977 C1 (Skiff-Kozai) may have been orbiting Jupiter during 1973 and earlier, but with only 8 recorded observations over 27 days, its orbit is too poor to know for certain. P/1999 XN120 39P 74P (2081-2085)

Name date captured date escaped/impacted timespan (years)
111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett 1843 1845 2
82P/Gehrels 1871 1873 2
129P/Shoemaker–Levy 1909 1913 4
345P/LINEAR 1916 1919 3
39P/Oterma 1935 1939 4
111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett 1940 1943 3
147P/Kushida–Muramatsu 1949 1962 13
39P/Oterma 1961 1965 4
82P/Gehrels 1966 1974 8
111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett 1967 1985 18
D/1993 F2 (Shoemaker–Levy 9) 1973 1994 21
P/1996 R2 (Lagerkvist) 1983 1993 10
345P/LINEAR 2000 2004 4
147P/Kushida–Muramatsu 2021 2022 1
39P/Oterma 2024 2025 1
74P/Smirnova–Chernykh 2025 2031 6
82P/Gehrels 2056 2064 8
111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett 2068 2086 18
345P/LINEAR 2087 2090 3
345P/LINEAR 2127 2129 2
82P/Gehrels 2145 2151 6
345P/LINEAR 2153 2159 6
39P/Oterma 2154 2155 1
302P/Lemmon-PANSTARRS 2166 2167 1


158P/Kowal-LINEAR entered orbit of Saturn some time in 1935 or 1936.

Temporary cometary moons edit

See also: quasi-Hilda comet

Due to its large gravity and the large population of short-period comets, a number of quasi-Hilda comets will occasionally become temporarily trapped in Jupiter's gravity. The most famous example, Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 orbited Jupiter for at least two decades before eventually breaking up and impacting the planet in July 1994. However, the majority of comets captured by Jupiter are eventually ejected, often before finishing a complete orbit.

The following known comets have been, are, or will be captured by Jupiter's gravity between 1800 and 2200:

Comet Date entered orbit[note 1] Date left orbit[note 1] Days in orbit[note 1] Closest approach to Jupiter (km) Original perihelion distance (au) Escaping perihelion distance (au) Comet discovery date
31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 1819/01/03 1819/01/15 12 1459000 2.93 3.21 1929/01/17
82P/Gehrels 1834/04/18 1835/05/28 405 162448000 5.48 5.56 1989/01/02
39P/Oterma 1843/04/29 1843/08/07 100 263382000 5.79 5.79 1943/04/08
65P/Gunn 1879/02/12 1880/07/22 527 80859000 4.21 3.49 1970/10/27
39P/Oterma 1902/05/26 1903/01/13 232 215211000 5.81 5.82 1943/04/08
82P/Gehrels 1928/06/28 1932/10/25 1580 2639000 5.50 3.83 1989/01/02
39P/Oterma 1935/03/11 1939/04/09 1490 24660000 5.84 3.39 1943/04/08
99P/Kowal 1936/10/12 1937/03/24 164 159666000 4.35 4.26 1977/04/24
65P/Gunn 1939/02/04 1939/02/27 23 205323000 3.57 3.29 1970/10/27
94P/Russell 1941/01/17 1941/02/23 38 267690000 2.24 2.43 1984/03/07
39P/Oterma 1961/12/05 1965/04/08 1220 14234000 3.39 5.50 1943/04/08
82P/Gehrels 1968/06/20 1974/07/12 2213 246700 3.84 3.43 1989/01/02
111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett[note 2] 1974/03/08 1985/07/09 4142 2889000 3.84 3.47 1989/01/02
65P/Gunn 2014/09/16 2015/01/09 116 84436000 2.44 2.91 1970/10/27
39P/Oterma 2024/03/09 2025/08/12 521 132949000 5.75 5.95 1943/04/08
74P/Smirnova–Chernykh 2025/08/11 2031/05/30 2119 43291000 3.55 3.84 1975/03/04
99P/Kowal 2053/10/13 2054/08/24 316 50510000 4.70 4.92 1977/04/24
82P/Gehrels 2056/02/19 2064/07/24 3078 11055000 3.51 3.14 1989/01/02
111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett 2068/04/20 2086/07/20 6666 5406000 3.56 3.44 1989/01/02
65P/Gunn 2074/03/24 2074/12/28 280 136142000 2.68 3.01 1970/10/27
74P/Smirnova–Chernykh 2081/03/10 2083/03/22 743 84815000 3.84 3.18 1975/03/04
65P/Gunn 2098/02/03 2099/03/26 417 159337000 3.02 3.63 1970/10/27
82P/Gehrels 2145/12/04 2152/02/22 2271 2251000 3.23 4.11 1989/01/02
39P/Oterma 2154/03/25 2155/12/09 624 115376000 5.88 5.93 1943/04/08
111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett 2166/11/09 >2175/01/03[note 3] >2978 4059000 3.41 ? 1989/01/02
74P/Smirnova–Chernykh 2169/04/23 2172/08/21 1217 70055000 3.15 4.73 1975/03/04
82P/Gehrels 2187/01/14 2194/01/19 2562 3798000 4.10 3.29 1989/01/02


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