User:Electionworld/sandbox/Ireland

Multiple timeline of Ireland edit

This scheme is a multiple timelime of the history of Ireland, part of the series of Series of multiple timelines of European countries and territories.

Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines

Ireland (Éire / Ireland) is a republic with a bicameral parliament, the Parliament with the Assembly elected in free multi-party elections and the Senate with appointed and indirectly elected members, a popularly elected president and a government responsible to the parliament. Ireland is member of the European Union.


This section gives an outline of the history of Ireland. The history of Ireland has to be seen in relation to the history of Northern Ireland.
500s BC: During the Iron Age in present-day Ireland, Celtic influence in art, language and culture begins to take hold. c. 220: The Annals of the Four Masters, Foras Feasa ar Éirinn, and other semi-historical (non-contemporary) texts, place Cormac mac Airt as a longstanding High King of Ireland.
400s/800s: Several kingdoms and other entities are established. See the kingdoms below and in Northern Ireland, but also others. According to medieval Irish historical tradition Ireland is ruled since historical times by the High Kings. Ireland doesn't develop into a state or kingdom, but is a conglomerate of tribes, kingdoms and other entities^[1].
Ailech 400s: Ailech gets a king.				Connacht 406: Amalgaid mac Fiachrae becomes king of Connacht.	Munster 400s: Munster gets a king.				Tyrconnel 5th century: Conall Gulban becomes king of Tyrconnel.	Leinster 436: Fiacha Baicheda mac Cathair Mór becomes king of Leinster.
	Ulaid 465: Muiredach Muinderg is said to be king of Ulaid.
							Kingdom of Breifne 600s: One of the first kings of Breifne is Aodh Fionn mac Fergna.
			Kingdom of Mide 743: Domhnall Mac Murchada is attested as king of Mide or Meath.
		Kingdom of Dublin 852: Vikings led by Ívarr hinn Beinlausi and Óláfr hinn Hvíti raide Ireland and establish the Kingdom of Dublin.
		1072: Dublin becomes a vassal of Toirrdelbach Ua Briain of Munster.			1072: Munster is under the control of Toirrdelbach Ua Briain and his son Muirchertach. 1114: When Muirchertach falls ill in 1114 he is deposed by his brother Diarmait. 1118: Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair of Connacht partitions Munster.
					Thomond 1118: Conchobar Ua Briain becomes king of Thomond in the north.	Desmond 1118: Tadhg Mac Cárthaigh of the Mac Cárthaigh clan becomes king of Desmond in the south.
Tyrone 1185: Domhnall mac Aodha Mac Lochlainn becomes king of Tyrone.		Lordship of Ireland → England 1171: King Henry II of England lands in Ireland and begins the English claim to and occupation of Ireland. He defeats king Ascall mac Ragnaill of Dublin and conquers Dublin, Mide, parts of Leinster and other parts of Gaelic Ireland. King Henry II becomes lord of Ireland as a Papal fief.		1175: High king Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, king of Connacht is defeated by the English invadors. He remains high king of the not conquered parts of Ireland and accepts king Henry II as his overlord. De facto the Kingdom of Ireland ceases to exist.
	1201: Ruaidrí mac Con Ulad Mac Duinn Sléibe of Ulaid is defeated and Ulaid accepts the lord of Ireland.
							1256: After a batlle under the rule of Conchobar O'Ruairc between the O'Rourkes and the O'Reillys Breifne is partitioned.
							West Breifne 1256: Conchobar O'Ruairc of the O'Rourkes become king of West Breifne.	East Breifne 1256: Conchobar mac Cathail of the O'Reillys becomes king of East Breifne.
	1474: Connacht desintegrates after the death of the last king Fedlim Geancach Ó Conchobair into semi-independent entities, partly under control of the lordship of Ireland. Kingdom of Ireland → England 1542: Ireland becomes a kingdom with King Henry VIII of England as king of Ireland.
1567: King Aodh Mór Ó Néil submits to the king of England.	1543: King Murchadh Ó Briain of Thomond submits to the king of Ireland and Thomond is annexed.					1569–1583: A first and a second rebellion in Desmond, started by James FitzMaurice FitzGerald are suppressed.
	1585: King Rossa Buidhe Mac Mathghamhna of Airgíalla submits to the English throne. 1594: A Nine Years'War of rebels starts in Ireland, supported by Spanish troops against English rule in Ireland.
	1596: After the death of king Donal IX MacCarthy Mór Desmond is annexed. 1601: England defeats at Kinsale Irish and Spanish forces in Ireland, driving the Gaelic aristocracy out of Ireland and destroying the Gaelic clan system. 1603: The rebellion in Ireland ends.
	1605: After the death of the last king Tadhg Ó Ruairc), West Breifne is annexed.								1604: King Rudhraighe Ó Domhnaill submits to the king of Ireland.
1607: After the defeat of king Maolmhordha mac Aodha Connallaigh East Breifne is annexed. In the Flight of the Earls, Rudhraighe Ó Domhnaill and Aodh Mór Ó Néill leave Ireland, Tyrconnel and Tyrone are annexed.
1632: Ireland annexes the last parts of Leinster, completing the full conquest of Ireland. 1641: With an uprising in Ireland the Irish Confederate Wars between catholic Irish and protestant English starts. 1642-1652: During the war in Ireland the contra-government of the Irish Catholic Confederation exists. 1649: The English leader Oliver Cromwell starts the conquest of Ireland.
Commonwealth of England 1649: The English leader Oliver Cromwell starts the conquest of Ireland. 1653: The war in Ireland ends with the defeat of the Irish Catholic Federation, the English parliamentarian conquest of Ireland and crushing of Irish Catholic power.
Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland 1653: After a coup d'etat in 1653, Oliver Cromwell renames the commonwealth.
Commonwealth of England 1659: England is renamed including Scotland and Ireland, and has no head of state.
Kingdom of Ireland → England/Great Britain 1660: The kingdom of Ireland is restored with king Charles II in a personal union with England and Scotland. 1688: Supporters of James II fight the Williamite War against king William III in Ireland. 1690: James II is defeated at the Boyne and flees to France. The war ends in 1691 with the Treaty of Limerick . 1707: When England and Scotland unite, queen Anne of Great Britain is also queen of Ireland. 1714: After her death, Queen Anne is succeeded by Georg Ludwig, elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg, bringing the House of Hanover to the throne. 1740–1741: A famine leads to mass starvation. 1798: Revolutionaries establish a contra-government in Connaught, the Provisional Government of the Province of Connaught. A French invasion of Ireland to support Irish rebels against Great Britain and the rebels are defeated at Ballinamuck.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1801: Ireland merges into the United Kingdom under king George III. 1803: Another rebellion fails. 1831–1836: A campaign of nonviolent civil disobedience, punctuated by sporadic violent episodes takes place in reaction to the enforcement of tithes. 1848: The Young Irelanders stage a rebellion during the Great Famine. The rebellion is suppressed. 1867: The Irish Republican Brotherhood stage a failed uprising against British rule. 1913: The Irish Volunteers are founded. 1914: The United Kingdom gets involved in World War I with Austria-Hungary and Germany. 1916: A rising in which the Irish Republic is proclaimed, is defeated. Most of its leaders are executed. 1918: The election for Irish members of the UK parliament is won by the separatist Sinn Féin of Éamon de Valera.
Irish Republic 1918: The separatist Irish Republic controls part of Ireland. Ireland gets a bicameral parliament with a chamber elected in free multi-party elections on an unequal universal suffrage and a senate for a part indirectly elected. Other members are either ex officio members or appointed members. The government is responsible to the parliament. 1919: After the declaration of independence of the Irish Republic, the Irish War of Independence start.
1921: The Anglo-Irish Treaty ends the Irish War of Independence and creates the Irish Free State in 1922.
Irish Free State 1922: Ireland becomes a self-governing dominion of the United Kingdom as the Irish Free State. As a dominion, Ireland has as king George V of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom. A civil war between supporters of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and its opponents from the original Irish Republican Army (IRA) takes place. 1923: Parliament is elected by universal suffrage. Part of the voters have extra votes. Ireland joins the League of Nations. 1937: The Irish Republican Army attempts to assassinate King George VI of the United Kingdom.
Ireland 1937: Ireland becomes a independent dominion. Ireland gets a popularly elected president. The 1937 constitution doesn’t mention the king, nor does it state that the president was head of state. 1940-1945: Ireland remains neutral during World War II.
Republic of Ireland 1949: Ireland becomes de jure a republic. Ireland is a founding member of the Council of Europe. 1955: Ireland joins the United Nations. 1973: Ireland joins the European Communities., predecessors of the European Union.^[2] 1998: The civil war in Northern Ireland that started in 1969, comes to an end with the Good Friday Agreements between the governments of the United Kingdom and Ireland and between most of Northern Ireland's political parties. An agreement is reached that Northern Ireland eemains part of the United Kingdom until a majority both of the people of Northern Ireland and of the Republic of Ireland wish otherwise.

^ A list of Irish entities can be found at the List of Irish kingdoms.
^ In 1993 with the Maastricht Treaty, signed in 1991, the European Economic Community is renamed into the European Community, the institutions of the three communities (the European Community, the European Atomic Energy Community and the European Coal and Steel Community) merge into the institutions of the European Communities, being the first pillar of the European Union. In 2009 with the Treaty of Lisbon, signed in 2007, the European Community is dissolved into the European Union, becoming an overall legal unit.

[1] A list of Irish entities can be found at the List of Irish kingdoms.

[2] In 1993 with the Maastricht Treaty, signed in 1991, the European Economic Community is renamed into the European Community, the institutions of the three communities (the European Community, the European Atomic Energy Community and the European Coal and Steel Community) merge into the institutions of the European Communities, being the first pillar of the European Union. In 2009 with the Treaty of Lisbon, signed in 2007, the European Community is dissolved into the European Union, becoming an overall legal unit.

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