User:Electionworld/sandbox/Norway

Multiple timeline of Norway edit

This scheme is a multiple timelime of the history of Norway, part of the series of Series of multiple timelines of European countries and territories.

Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines

The Kingdom of Norway (Kongeriket Norge) is a monarchy with a hereditary king, a parliament, the Great Assembly, elected by free multi-party elections and a government responsible to the parliament. Norway has as territories with limited Norwegian sovereignty Svalbard and Jan Mayen and as dependency Bouvet Island. Norway claims Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land.


c. 1700 BC: Germanic tribes settle in present-day Norway. 600s and earlier: Norsemen, Northern Germanic tribes, establish a number of small kingdoms. Much of the early history of these kingdoms is based on sagas and not proven history. They form the basis of Viking expeditions around the North Sea and further. They colonize, raid and trade in all parts of Europe. Norwegian Viking explore Iceland by accident in the 9th century when heading for the Faroe Islands, and eventually came across Vinland, The Vikings from Norway were most active in the northern and western British Isles and eastern North America isles.						Sami 600s and earlier: The north of Norway, Sweden and Finland is populated by Sami people.
Kingdom of Hordaland 600s: Alrek Eiriksson is said to be king of Hordaland.
		Kingdom of Raumarike 700s: Ragnarr Loðbrók is the legendary king of Raumarike.		Kingdom of Vestfold 700s: Hálfdan hvítbeinn is said to be king of Vestfold.
	Earldom of Lade 800s: Hákon Grjótgarðsson becomes earl of Lade.		Kingdom of Agder 800s: Haraldr hinn granrauði is the first recorded king of Agder.		Kingdom of Vingulmark 800s: Guðrǫðr veiðikonungr is the legendary king of Vingulmark.
Kingdom of Norway c. 872: Haraldr Hárfagri from Vestfold is considered the first king of Norway after he defeated local petty kings in Western Norway at the Battle of Hafrsfjord. 875: Rognvald Eysteinsson brings the Orkney and Shetland Islands as Earldom of Orkney under Norwegian control. Norwegian settlers led by Oswald control East Anglia until 879. 914: Norwegian settlers rule Southern Northumbria until 954. 970: King Harald Gormsson of Denmark becomes also king of Norway. 995: In Norway king Sveinn Tjúguskegg is succeeded by Olaf Tryggvason. 1000: King Sveinn Tjúguskegg of Denmark regains Norway. 1013: King Sveinn Tjúguskegg defeats after an invasion king Æðelred of England and becomes king of England. 1014: After five weeks Sveinn Tjúguskegg dies. Æðelred regains the throne of England. Harald II becomes king of Denmark and Norway regains independence with king Olaf II. He is the first king to rule entire Norway. 1028: King Knútr or Cnut of Denmark and England conquers Norway and becomes also king of Norway. 1035: After his the death he is succeeded by Hardeknud in Denmark, Magnús Óláfsson in Norway and Harold I in England. Norway acquires the Faroe Islands. 1042: King Magnús Óláfsson of Norway becomes king of Denmark. 1047: After the death of Magnús Óláfsson, Denmark and Norway are separated. Harald III becomes king of Norway. 1048: King Harald III claims Denmark and invades in an attempt to restore the realm of king Magnús Óláfsson and embarks on what would turn into constant warfare against Svend Estridsen of Denmark. 1064: The two kings agree on an unconditional peace. 1066: After the death of king Ēadweard Andettere a Norwegian army invades England. This army led by king Haraldr Sigurðarson is defeated at Stamford Bridge by the English king Harold Godƿinson. 1130: After the death of king Sigurðr Magnusson a 110-year period of civil war starts between various pretenders for the throne. 1240: The civil war era ends. 1262: Iceland is brought under the Norwegian throne. Norway acquires also Greenland. 1266: With the Treaty of Perth the Scottish–Norwegian War between king Alaxandair mac Alaxandair of Scotland and king Hákon Hákonarson of Norway since 1262 ends. Scotland acquires the Hebrides and the Isle of Man and confirms the Norwegian sovereignty over Shetland and Orkney. 1319: Magnus Eriksson, three years old, is elected king of Sweden. The same year he is elected king of Norway. 1343: His minor son Håkon Magnusson becomes king of Norway, Magnus rules Norway as regent.
1300s: The area populated by the Sami is incorporated into Norway. 1355: The regency of Magnus of Sweden over Norway ends. 1380: King Olaf II of Denmark becomes king of Norway. Due to the personal union of Denmark and Norway, Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Greenland become joint Danish/Norwegian possessions. 1389: Queen regnant Margrete I of Denmark and Norway becomes queen of Sweden. 1397: She founds the Kalmar Union, a personal union of the three Scandinavian kingdoms until 1523 with some intervals. 1439: Both the Danish and Swedish nobility depose Erik VII. Erik remains king of Norway. 1442: Erik is succeeded by king Christoffer III of Denmark and Sweden. 1443: Christoffer III becomes also count-palatinate of Neumarkt. 1448: After the death of Christoffer III, the personal union with Denmark and Neumarkt ends. Karl Knutsson Bonde becomes king Karl VII of Sweden and king of Norway. 1450: King Christian of Denmark becomes also king of Norway. 1457: Christian becomes king of Sweden. 1464: The personal union between Denmark-Norway and Sweden ends. 1471: Orkney and Shetland fall to Scotland. 1497: King Hans defeats at Rotebro regent Sten Sture of Sweden and becomes king Johan II of Sweden. 1501: Johan II is overthrown in Sweden, remains king of Denmark-Norway. 1521: Christian II of Denmark and Norway becomes king of Sweden. The Swedish War of Liberation starts, Gustav Eriksson leads the Swedish uprising. 1523: King Christian II is overthrown by Frederik I. Gustav I of the House of Vasa becomes king of Sweden, confirmed in 1524 in the Treaty of Malmö. 1534: After king Frederik I's death in 1533, Norway is ruled seperately from Denmark by Olav Engelbrektsson, archbishop ofNidaros as regent.
Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway 1536: The Danish Privy Council declared Norway to be part of Denmark and king Christian III rules Norway in a real union with Denmark. 1611: King Christian IV declares in reaction to claims by Carl IX of Sweden to traditionally Norwegian area war, the Kalmar War. 1613: The Treaty of Knäred conforms the Danish victory in the Kalmar War. 1645: With the Treaty of Brömsebro the Torstenson War between Sweden and Denmark ends and Denmark cedes part of present-day Norway to Sweden .
Kingdom of Sweden 1658: With the Treaty of Roskilde during the Second Northern War Trondheim is ceded to Sweden.
1660: In the Treaty of Copenhagen Trondheim is restored to Norway. 1716: Swedish forces invade Norway, capture the capital Christiania, (modern Oslo), but are defeated by the Norwegian army. 1718: Another Swedish invasion is defeated.
Kingdom of Norway 1814: With the Treaty of Kiel Denmark has to cede Norway to Sweden. A constituent assembly in Norway elects Christian Frederik as king of Norway. In a short Swedish–Norwegian War Sweden forces Christian Frederik to abdicate and king Karl XIII of Sweden bedomes also king Karl II of Norway in a personal union. At the dissolution of the personal union of Denmark and Norway, Denmark acquires Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Norway becomes a constitutional monarchy with Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte as crown prince and regent. Norway gets a parliament elected on a limited suffrage. 1884: The government becomes responsible to the parliament which is elected in free elections. 1898: Norway introduces universal male suffrage. 1905: Parliament declares the union with Sweden dissolved and dethrones king Oscar II of Sweden as king of Norway. After a referendum in which Norway schoes to remain a monarchy, parliament electes prince Carl of Denmark als king. He becomes king as Haakon VII. With this Norway achieves full independence, which is confirmed with the Convention of Karlstad. 1913: Norway introduces universal suffrage. 1920: Norway is a founding member of the League of Nations. Norway acquires Svalbard and Jan Mayen.
German Empire 1940: Nazi Germany invades and conquers as part of World War II Denmark and Norway. The fascist politician Vidkun Quisling attempts to overthrow the Norwegian government in response to the German invasion. Norway is ruled as the [Reichskommissariat Norwegen\|Reich Commissariat of the Occupied Norwegian Territories]]. The government goes into exile.
Kingdom of Norway 1945: The independence is restored after Nazi Germany is defeated. Norway is a founding member of the United Nations. 1949: Norway is a founding member of the Council of Europe and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1952: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden establish the Nordic Council. 1960: Norway is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association. 1972: In a referendum, Norway decides not to join the European Communities. 1994: In a referendum, Norway decides not to join the European Union.