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User:Eewilson/sandbox 2

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Eewilson/sandbox 2
Inflorescence of Symphyotrichum adnatum, Punta Gorda, Florida, US

Apparently Secure (NatureServe)[a][1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Tribe: Astereae
Subtribe: Symphyotrichinae
Genus: Symphyotrichum
Subgenus: Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus
Section: Symphyotrichum sect. Patentes
Species:
S. adnatum
Binomial name
Symphyotrichum adnatum
Symphyotrichum adnatum distribution map: Bahamas and US (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi).
Native distribution[2]
Synonyms[2]

Symphyotrichum adnatum (formerly Aster adnatus) is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to the southeastern United States and the Bahamas. Commonly known as scaleleaf aster,[3] it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 30 to 120 centimeters (1 to 4 feet) tall. Its flowers, which open October–December, have light to dark lavender ray florets and yellow disk florets.

Description edit

Symphyotrichum adnatum is a clump-forming perennial and herbaceous plant that blooms October–December. Usually it is between 30 and 120 centimeters (1 and 4 feet) tall. It is cespitose, growing in clumps, and with several erect to sprawling somewhat hairy stems branching from the middle. The upper leaves and parts of the flower heads are covered with tiny glands on tiny stalks (stipitate glands). Its flowers have light to dark lavender ray florets and yellow disk florets.[3]

closest relative is S. walteri

Roots and stems edit

Leaves edit

 
Basal leaf rosette, 3 nerves visible on each leaf
 
Lower cauline (stem) leaf showing adnation
 
Middle cauline leaves
 
Upper stem showing small, adnate, scale-like leaves

Flowers edit

Involucres and phyllaries edit

Bell-shapped involucres 4–6.5 mm long[3]

Florets edit

Ray florets
   color: "light to dark lavender"
   count: 10–20
   length: 5–8 mm
   width: 0.5–1.5 mm[3]

Disk florets
   color: yellow
   count: 12–25[3]

 
Flower heads
 
Involucre and phyllaries
 
Disk florets after pollen collection
 
Close-up of ray and disk florets

Fruit edit

See also: § Reproduction
 
Diagram of a cypsela, with pappi labeled
 
Fruiting plant with many cypselae and pappi

The fruits of Symphyotrichum adnatum are seeds, not true achenes but are cypselae, resembling an achene but surrounded by a calyx sheath. This is true for all members of the Asteraceae family.[4] After pollination and hardening, scaleleaf aster seeds become tan to brown with an obovoid shape, are uncompressed, and are 2–2.5 mm long with 6–10 faintly visible nerves. They also have tufts of hairs (pappi) which are tan and 3.75–8 mm in length.[3]

Chromosomes edit

S. adnatum is tetraploid with a total chromosome count of 20. It has a monoploid number (also called "base number") of five chromosomes (x = 5).[3]

Taxonomy edit

History and classification edit

Unidentified specimens that were in the herbarium[b] of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia[c] were studied by Thomas Nuttall and published in 1834 in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. He named this species Aster adnatus and described it as follows:[5]

 
Holotype of Aster adnatus (Symphyotrichum adnatum) collected 1830, Florida, by Thomas Nuttall[6]

Scaber, microphyllus, foliis, cordato-oblongis acutis integris supra medium cauli adnatus, radicalibus oblongis, ramis elongatis subunifloris.

A species nearly related to A. squarrosus,[d] but extremely remarkable for the disposition of the leaves which are very minute, near together, and adnate by their upper surfaces, more than half their length, to the sides of the stem and branches.

Hab. In Alabama and West Florida. Common.

A specimen was designated as the probable holotype of Aster adnatus by American botanist Almut Gitter Jones in 1982, followed by confirmation by botanist John C. Semple in 1984. It is now stored at the Natural History Museum, London.[6]

  • Subgenus Virgulus
    • Section Patentes (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[7]
      • Subsection Brachyphylli (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[7]

S. adnatum (Nutt.) G.L.Nesom[2]
Basionym: Aster adnatus[8]
Described: 1834[9]

Species classification
  • Symphyotrichum
    subg. Chapmaniana

    (1 species)

    subg. Astropolium

    (11 species)

    subg. Virgulus
    subg. Ascendentes

    (2 species)

    subg. Symphyotrichum

    (55 species)


Etymology edit

adnate — the leaf bases are adnate to the stem[10]

Distribution and habitat edit

 
Fort Myers, Florida
 
Hattiesburg, Mississippi

Found in the Bahamas in ... and where ... and by whom ... and publication info on that. POWO and COL have Bahamas as a location ... FNA does not ... Weakley does.

Bahamas; US — Alabama,[e] Florida,[f] Georgia,[g] Louisiana,[h] and Mississippi.[i][2]

Nearly all on the Gulf of Mexico coast

Bahamian pineyards, Everglades

"oak-pine scrub, open pine flatwoods, roadsides"[3]

S. adnatum grows in longleaf pine ecosystems, flatwoods, sandhill ecological communities, pine rocklands,[12] and Florida sand pine scrub at 0–100 meters (0–330 feet).[3] It is categorized on the United States National Wetland Plant List (NWPL) with the Wetland Indicator Status Rating of Facultative Wetland (FACW), meaning it usually occurs in wetlands.[13]

Ecology edit

C-vals: 7–8

Conservation edit

As of December 2021, NatureServe lists Symphyotrichum adnatum as Apparently Secure (G4) worldwide with no individual state rankings. The global status was last updated 2 May 1988.[1]

extra pics edit

  •  
    Symphyotrichum adnatum 168895303
  •  
    Symphyotrichum adnatum 167975232
  •  
    Symphyotrichum adnatum 56987998
  •  
    Symphyotrichum adnatum 57674395
  •  
    Symphyotrichum adnatum 38024331

Notes edit

  1. ^ Last updated by NatureServe on 2 May 1988[1]
  2. ^ Now called the Philadelphia Herbarium (PH)
  3. ^ Now the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University
  4. ^ NOTE ABOUT THIS WAS AN ILLEGAL NAME AND WAS RENAMED ASTER WALTERI
  5. ^ Alabama counties: Baldwin and Mobile[11]
  6. ^ Florida counties: Bay, Calhoun, Charlotte, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, DeSoto, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Miami-Dade, Okaloosa, Orange, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Santa Rosa, Sumter, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington[11]
  7. ^ Georgia counties: Dougherty, Grady, and Lee[11]
  8. ^ Louisiana counties: East Feliciana, St. Helena, St. Tammany, and Tangipahoa[11]
  9. ^ Mississippi counties: Forrest, Franklin, Greene, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Jones, Lamar, Marion, Pearl River, Perry, Stone, and Wayne[11]

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b c NatureServe 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e POWO 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Brouillet et al. 2006.
  4. ^ Barkley, Brouillet & Strother 2006.
  5. ^ Nuttall 1834, p. 83.
  6. ^ a b The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London 2021.
  7. ^ a b Nesom 1994, p. 274.
  8. ^ IPNI 2021a.
  9. ^ IPNI 2021b.
  10. ^ Nuttall 1834, pp. 82–83.
  11. ^ a b c d e USDA, NRCS 2021.
  12. ^ Weakley 2020, p. 1586.
  13. ^ US Army Corps of Engineers 2018, p. 175.

References edit

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