 The USS PC-552 in action. Courtesy of Mr. Kesnick
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United States | |
| Name | USS PC-552 |
| Ordered | 1 April 1941 |
| Builder | Sullivan Dry Dock and Repair Co. (Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A.) |
| Laid down | 20 May 1941 |
| Launched | 13 February 1942 |
| Commissioned | 29 July 1942 |
| Decommissioned | 18 April 1946 |
| Stricken | 05 June 1946 |
| Honors and awards | Presidential Unit Citation |
| Fate | 6 December 1946 to the Maritime Commission, the predecessor to MARAD (MARitime Administration.) Ultimate fate unknown.[1] |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Class 461 Patrol Craft ("PC") |
| Displacement | 450 tons |
| Length | 173' 8" |
| Beam | 23' |
| Draft | 10' 10" |
| Propulsion | Two Diesels: Fairbanks Morse & Co. Model 38D-a, General Motors |
| Speed | 20.2 knots |
| Notes | Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Normandy. Call sign: Nan - Baker - Uncle - Yoke |
Publisher: General Cable Corporation. C.C. Beall. 1943
Issued to encourage employee production.
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The USS PC-552 was a World War II Patrol Craft ("PC") which was at the forefront of the naval efforts during the Normandy invasion. It served as convoy protection in the North Atlantic and as the primary control vessel for Fox Green sector of Omaha Beach during the Normandy invasion.[2] PC-552 was the first ship to reach Omaha Beach[3] and it led the naval assault at the Battle of Normandy.
Patrol craft edit
Patrol craft were 173 ft. long, had crews of 60 sailors and five officers, and were originally built for Anti-Submarine Warfare ("ASW"), convoy escort duty, and coastal patrols. In the European theater, they served as trans Atlantic convoy defense during the Battle of the Atlantic (1942-1943) until enough Destroyer Escorts ("DE") had been built to take over.[3] Subsequently, they were used to patrol the coasts of Europe and designated as Patrol Control Craft ("PCC") to guide and control amphibious landings.[3] From 7 December 1941 to 1 October 1945, a total of 315 steel PCs (PC-552 was a steel PC) and 444 wooden PCs were built. The wooden PCs were formally designated as SCs (Submarine Chasers) on 8 April 1943 to clear up confusion.[4] Patrol craft were the smallest U.S. naval vessels in existence which could cross the Atlantic on their own power.[5]
edit
Most sailors referred to the PCs as the "Donald Duck Navy." The origin of that epithet, "Donald Duck Navy", is not clear. An early use of the symbol of Donald Duck on a PC was by Jim Dickie, a Signalman on PC-564, which the Navy later named USS Chadron. He painted the "Fighting Donald Duck," on the starboard wing of the bridge. Similarly, the Storekeeper on PC-546 painted on his ship a Donald Duck as a sailor in the crow's nest. The Fighting Donald Duck, with his binoculars on the lookout for enemy submarines, with his depth charges mounted on a y gun ready to throw at a moment's notice, became the unofficial symbol of the Donald Duck Navy. It even made it to the letterhead of the Submarine Chaser Training Center at Miami, Florida.[6]
Class edit
PC-552 was a Class 461 ship. Class 461 Patrol Craft were built mainly for the US Navy from 1941 to 1944. This class was called Class 461 because the first one built was PC-461, which began the series. The first of the class to enter service was the PC-471. The class 461 was designed for rapid production in large numbers, to be effective anti-submarine vessels, and to relieve larger vessels from convoy duty. The U.S. Navy usually did not provide traditional names to PCs; the name of this ship was PC-552.[7] This PC class was considered seaworthy but bounced around on the water like no other craft. The PCs were a match for the enemy submarines when the submarines were submerged but the PCs were clearly outgunned in a surface battle. In such a case, the PCs preferred tactic was to charge the submarine to ram it, before the submarine could bring its superior gun to bear.[8] Class 461 Patrol Craft were designed to get most of their drinking water from an onboard distillation plant. Because of the violent pitching, the distillation plants of the PCs rarely worked. Consequently, the PCs were continuously plagued by a shortage of drinking water.[9]
Specifications of Class 461 edit
- Displacement: 280 t.(lt), 450 t.(fl)
- Length: 173' 8"
- Beam: 23'
- Draft: 10' 10"
- Speed: 20.2 kts.
- Complement: 65
- Armament: One 3"/50 dual purpose gun mount, one 40mm gun mount, three 20mm guns, two rocket launchers, four depth charge projectors, and two depth charge tracks
- Propulsion: Two 1,440 bhp General Motors 16-258S diesel engines (Serial No. 6327 and 6328), Farrel-Birmingham single reduction gear, two shafts.[1]
Armament edit
Patrol craft were designed primarily for anti-submarine warfare and mine sweeping and the armament reflected this. A secondary group of arms were anti-aircraft. As an antisubmarine warfare ("ASW") ship, it was equipped with both SONAR and RADAR to detect enemy submarines. Once such enemy submarines were detected, the ship's weapons were brought to bear.
Anti-submarine weapons edit
Operating these weapons were the heart of the patrol craft. They consisted a 3"/50 caliber gun, depth charges, and what were called mouse traps.
The 3"/50 caliber gun was pedestal mounted and had trainer and pointer seats. It had a trigger and a foot pedal to fire it. This was a more formidable weapons than it sounds. The gun fired a projectile three inches in diameter, and the barrel was 50 calibers long (150 inches). Its purpose was for surface warfare. As mean as it looks, it was not a match for the German or Japanese submarines, both of which had superior armament. The 3"/50 gun could also serve as an anti-aircraft weapon.[10]
Depth charges were the mainstay of the anti-submarine armament. Depth charges were 600 pound cylindrical charges dropped from two stern racks and 300 pound teardrop shaped charges fired from Y guns that lofted the charges to each side of the ship. They were usually set to explode at a specific depth. If the water was shallow when the depth charge was dropped, it could damage the ship itself, a greater danger in the Caribbean.[10]
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Mousetraps were two launching racks for eight ahead-thrown 60-pound rocket propelled charges that fell in an elliptical pattern and armed as they fell through the water. At 300 yards, the ellipse was 80 yards wide. There were four bombs per rack, and each bomb was loaded with thirty-three pounds of TNT. The racks were flush with the deck until used. Then they were elevated and loaded with the bombs for firing. Because the racks were fixed they were aimed with the ship’s direction and fired when the ship was on an even keel.[10]
With all this, a patrol craft could throw anti-submarine explosives to the front, to the rear, and to each side. This is what the patrol craft were for.
Anti-aircraft weapons edit
Patrol craft had Bofors 40mm/56 Caliber machine guns, which were either single or double barreled. They were fed with 4 round clips although some guns could use a 48-round clip. The gun had trainer and pointer seats and was hand operated. It was manned by a five man crew. A chest-high, steel, splinter shield or gun tub surrounded the Bofors.[10]
There were also three 20mm Oerlikons which was a manually operated air cooled weapon mounted on a pedestal. The gunner was shoulder strapped to it. One or two loaders fed loaded magazines to the gun and exchanged hot barrels. It was capable of firing 450 rounds per minute and had a maximum range of 4,000 yards[10] These were the weapons Bill Kesnick and Ted Guzda were firing back to back on D-Day (See "PC-552 Crew Member Accounts of Normandy" below).
Tactics and deployment edit
Patrol craft were verified to have only destroyed 15 submarines and torpedo-type craft and 24 enemy aircraft which sounds paltry but that misses the point. The mission of patrol craft was not to destroy submarines; it was to protect convoys. The goal was to get men and war material across the seas and up to the beaches, and in that, the patrol craft served admirably. The typical German Class VII U-boat (the German submarine workhorse) cost $2.25 million[11] to build in terms of 1943 dollars, even more to crew, provision, and deploy, and only carried twelve torpedoes.[12] In essence, "deploying a torpedo" to the Mid-Atlantic was a very expensive proposition and torpedoes were not to be wasted on a nonstrategic target such as patrol craft. Indeed, an Italian submarine commander was court martialed for wasting a torpedo to sink PC-496. Thus, enemy submarines avoided patrol craft and attempted to sneak past them to get to the strategic targets, the merchant ships.
Another reason for the lack of verified kills is that it was hard to verify the destruction of a submarine. Submarines were underwater and they sank when destroyed. Destruction was usually surmised by floating wreckage, oil slicks, etc. Submarines quickly learned to feign destruction by jettisoning life preservers, fuel, etc. For example, the PC-552 believed it made contact with an enemy submarine on 21 September 1942 and after attacking, observed dirty water. This was repeated the following day and an oil slick was observed. There was no definitive proof of destruction but destruction was suspected. The USS PC-552 was given credit for a submarine kill on 15 May 1943.
Convoy protection edit
Patrol craft would be stationed at the outside of a convoy where they would screen their responsible portion of the convoy perimeter, patrolling back and forth. This made it hard for the submarine to torpedo a merchant ship because the patrol craft was in the way. Ship crew members would listen for possible enemy submarines with SONAR (See Roland N. Stine, Jr. insert below), and when one was suspected, come to General Quarters and immediately launch depth charges in the suspected location. The ship would then travel a pattern, going back and forth, launching depth charges the whole time. The pattern was designed to cover a certain area. During this time, the submarine would run silent, run deep, hoping the ship would lose contact.
Thus, the game of cat and mouse: the submarine attempted to sneak past the patrol craft to torpedo a merchant ship and the patrol craft listened for submarines to kill them. Once, contact was lost, the patrol craft went back to screening the convoy. That was its job; not killing submarines.
The USS PC-552 protected numerous convoys up and down the east coast and the Caribbean, as well as Convoy UGS-29, as part of Task Force 69. It also screened for the Battle of Normandy fleet. During this period, it make contact with suspected enemy submarines many times, vigorously attacking them each time. It was credited with just one kill, but that was a judgment call, just as it was a judgment call that the other engagements did not result in a kill.
Surface battles edit
Surface battles were different. Surprisingly, a typical enemy submarine outgunned a patrol craft. Thus, if a submarine wished to engage a patrol craft, it would surface and begin firing its deck gun, which had a longer range than the patrol craft's gun and was more powerful. The patrol craft's tactic was to race towards the submarine as fast as possible to ram it before the submarine could bring its gun to bear. The patrol craft's hull was much stronger and would crack the submarine's hull.[13]
Although the USS PC-552 suffered air attack numerous times, it had only one surface to surface engagement with a German E-Boat 6-7 February 1945. In this case, the USS PC-552 outgunned the target and the engagement consisted of a race. Ultimately, the E-Boat got away.
Amphibious landings edit
All this changed when it came to amphibious landings, such as at Normandy. Because of their speed and maneuverability, patrol craft were ideal forward observers for the Navy, as it attempted to land soldiers in attack. They were often the Navy ships closest to the enemy, making observations and policing the invasion waves. As such, they became targets of primary importance as the crew of the USS PC-1261 could testify, if they were still alive. In all warfare, a primary goal is to destroy the enemy's leaders and communication to inspire confusion and lack of confidence. The patrol craft were certainly communication, thus, they were primary targets.
The crew of the USS PC-552 would certainly agree with this. The ship became close to being sunk by German artillery at the Battle of Normandy, but was saved at the last minute by an American destroyer.
Completion edit
The original cost of the USS PC-552 was $625,000. It was built by the Sullivan Dry Dock and Repair Co. (Brooklyn, New York) and was originally scheduled to be completed 12 November 1941. The keel was laid 20 May 1941 at Sullivan, launched the night of 13 February 1942, and fitted out at the New York Building Yard 16 March 1942. The schedule to be completed was extended to 22 June 1942, then 30 June 1942. On 9 July 1942, the Navy authorized the acceptance of the ship subject to further trials. Preliminary trials were completed 17 July 1942 and the ship was accepted 27 July 1942.[14]
Launch edit
The USS PC-552 was launched the evening of 13 February 1942 from the Sullivan shipyard in Brooklyn, New York. This was the first night launch of the Third Naval District and done so that work could begin to work immediately on a sister ship, PC-553. A night launch was considered risky.[15]
Courtesy of the Brooklyn Public Library.
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The Sullivan Drydock & Repair Company built the USS PC-552. When one throws a pebble in the water, one never knows where the ripples will wind up. Very little is remembered about the Sullivan Drydock and Repair Co today. What is remembered, is that it figured prominently in a U.S. Supreme Court decision concerning the right for a soldier to get his job back with seniority intact after returning from the war. The Act called for a worker's seniority to accrue while in the military. It also called for military veterans to have priority to get their jobs back upon their return, assuming an Honorable Discharge, and not be subject to "discharge" without cause for one year.
Abraham Fishgold had joined Sullivan as a welder in 1942. In 1943, he was drafted into the Army. He was subsequently honorably discharged and returned to work at Sullivan. Mr. Fishgold was laid off for nine days when a non-veteran, with greater seniority, was not laid off. Mr. Fishgold asked to be paid for the nine days ($94.60) as he should not have been discharged. The court ruled against Mr. Fishgold, on the basis that a layoff was not a discharge. The Local 13 of the Industrial Union of Marine and Shipbuilding Workers of America opposed Mr. Fishgold and Sullivan felt it needed to support the union. Briefs were filed as amici curiae by the AFL, by the Railway Labor Executives' Association, and by the CIO, as well as others, all very powerful labor unions. The unions were strongly opposed to giving preference to a person returning from the war over a worker with seniority. According to experts testifying before a Senate committee on the matter, the Supreme Court ruling directly resulted in many veterans losing their jobs to nonveterans with greater seniority. ("The Warrior Image: Soldiers in American Culture...". Hueber, Andrew J.)
Sullivan Drydock built the USS PC-552 and many other navy ships during the war. Ironically, Mr. Fishgold had probably helped build the USS PC-552.
About 2,000 people attended the launch, about half of whom were the workers who built PC-552. Rear Admiral Adophus Andrews, Commandant of the Third Naval District and Commander of the North Atlantic coastal frontier said, "Everything connected with this war must be on a 24-hour basis. These night launchings should be the most common occurrence in the world. Not a minute should be wasted in getting out the ships and planes and supplies of every sort that are needed on our many fighting fronts."[15]
The wind was biting and cold and the vessel was blessed by the Rev. Arthur R. Cummings, pastor of the R.C. Church of the Resurrection, Richman Hill. With him was the Rev. William J. Farrell, port chaplain in Brooklyn.[15]
Grace Finley, 16, of 84-48 116th St., Richmond Hill, a junior at Richmond Hill High School and daughter of Leslie H. Finley, office manager of the Sullivan Company, smashed a bottle of champagne against the PC-552, which glided smoothly into the water. The keel of the next ship was laid immediately.[15]
Unit citations edit
Awards and citations the USS PC-552 received:
Presidential Unit Citation edit
The ship was awarded the The Presidential Unit Citation (PUC) per Deck Log entry of 11 November 1942 (see "1942" below) This was awarded to units of the United States Armed Forces, and those of allied countries, for extraordinary heroism in action against an armed enemy on or after 7 December 1941 (the date of the Attack on Pearl Harbor and the start of American involvement in World War II).
The USS PC-552 was almost certainly awarded a Battle Star or a Service Star although this has not been proven at this time. The PC-552 was damaged at the Battle of Normandy and this alone should have qualified such an award. Additionally, the ship participated in the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign which qualified. A Star was awarded to a crew member of the ship whose only combat deployment was on that ship so the ship should have received the same Star. Research continues.
Individual medals edit
In addition to medals for unusual efforts, most men of the USS PC-522 probably received all of the following medals:
World War II Victory Medal edit
The World War II Victory Medal (United States) medal was awarded to any member of the United States military, including members of the armed forces of the Government of the Philippine Islands, who served on active duty, or as a reservist, between 07 Dec 1941 and 31 Dec 1946.
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal edit
The European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal recognized those military service members who had performed military duty in the European Theater (to include North Africa and the Middle East) during the years of the Second World War.
American Campaign Medal edit
The American Campaign Medal recognized those military members who had performed military service in the American Theater of Operations during World War II. A similar medal, known as the American Defense Service Medal was awarded for active duty service prior to the United States entry into World War II. Some crew members received that medal, also.
In addition to these medals, crew members were eligible for other medals, as their efforts may have merited.
Officers edit
The following tables approximate the dates of office for each commanding officer (CO) and each executive officer (XO) of the USS PC-552. The sources for this information were the PC-552's Muster Rolls (see "Sources for information about crew in "Crew" section). Each Muster Roll was certified by the CO and XO by signature. When an officer first appears on the certification page, it means that officer took position some point on or before the date of that certification page, yet after the date of the previous one. As an example, Lt. Spielman first appears on the certification page as commander on 31 March 1945. His actual orders assigning him as commander were effective 28 January 1945.
Commanding Officers ("CO") and Executive Officers ("XO") edit
| Officer | 10 Aug 1942 | 31 Dec 1942 | 31 Mar 1943 | 31 Dec 1943 | 30 Sep 1944 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commanding Officer | Donald McVickar, Lt. | J. Ross Pilling, Jr., Lt. | J. Ross Pilling, Jr., Lt. | Frank E. Pierce, Jr., Lt. (jg) | A. Bradley Moll, Lt |
| Executive Officer | K. Mooshian, Lt. | A. T. Covert, Lt. (jg) | Frank E. Pierce, Jr., Lt. (jg) | Albert Bradley Moll, Lt. (jg) | George H. Kronenberg, Lt. (jg) |
| Officer | 31 Mar 1945 | 1 Jul 1945 | 01 Jan 1946 | 01 Apr 1946 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commanding Officer . | James S. Spielman, Lt. | James S. Spielman, Lt. | James S. Spielman, Lt. | James S. Spielman, Lt. |
| Executive Officer | T.F. Finucane, Lt. (jg) | W.J. Shaw, Lt. (jg) | B.T. Gerton, Ensign | J.G. McCurdy, Ensign |
Source: Certification page of PC-552's Muster Rolls. Note: 30 Sep 1943 certification page is missing so the dates may have been a quarter earlier.
Lieutenant Albert Bradley Moll, USNR. (1915-1964[16])
Lieutenant James Samuel Spielman, USNR.[1] (1920-1995)
Orders changing command edit
29 Jul 1942: “Lt Commander Sassley[17] USN turned vessel over to Lt. Donald McVickar USNR as C.O." [18]
28 Nov 1942: "Lt. J.R. Pilling, Jr. USNR relieved Lt. D. McVickar USNR as commanding officer in accordance with Commandant Fifth Naval District’s orders NH8/00/J-104365 dated November 17, 1942." [19]
02 Oct 1943: "1300: Lieutenant J. Ross Pilling, USNR, in accordance with official letter from BuPers, turned over command of this vessel to Lt. (jg) Frank Pierce in presence of part of this vessel’s crew." [20]
25 Aug 1944: 0900: "In accordance with COMPHIBSUKAY 232117B August 1944 and COMPHIBSUKAY 232115B August 1944, Lt. Frank E. PIERCE, 204832, USNR Commanding Officer, was relieved of command of the USSPC552 (sic), by Lt. Albert Bradley MOLL, 130991,USNR, Crew present at quarters." [21](This date is based on the ship's Deck Log, which should be authoritative. Other, less authoritative sources, provide a date of 28 Aug 1944).
"28 January 1945: At 1030A, this date, Lieut. James S. SPIELMAN, DE. USNR, 120014, relieved Lieut. A Bradley MOLL, D, USNR, 130991, as CO, USS PC-552 by authority of Orders of BuPers." [22]
08 Apr 1946: 0810: "Lt (jg) Robert E. Gleason, DE USNR 340441 relieved Lieut. James S. Spielman as Commanding Officer of PC 552. BuPers dispatch 221640 dated March 1946." [23]
Other officers edit
Officers came and went just as the crew members did. The PC-552 was allotted five officers, a CO, an XO, and three watch officers. Sometimes the watch officers had special duties such as gunnery officer or communications officer, sometimes they didn't. Patrol craft were informal. Many of the officers were promoted on the ship. For example, Lt. Moll came on board as the XO, rated LT. (jg); he was promoted to CO and Lt. Both Lt. (jg) T.F. Finucane and Lt. (jg) W.J. Shaw originally came on board as ensigns and watch officers. Other officers were transferred to other ships.
Crew edit
The typical complement of a PC during World War II was sixty enlisted men and five commissioned officers. The initial number of officers and men for the PCs commissioned by the United States Navy was almost 24,000, yet a total of 50,000 actually served due to transfers, hospitalizations, etc.[24] PC-552 was no different.
History of the crew members edit
Although the ship was commissioned 28 July 1942, the initial crew boarded 30 July 1942. Of the 55 members of the crew who boarded PC-552 initially, only 14 were present at D-Day. The rest of the crew were replacements. Those 14 crew members were:
| Enlisted Man | Enlisted Man | Enlisted Man | Enlisted Man | Enlisted Man |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robert Geweniger | William Kesnick | Edward Lemme | Charles Penny | Conrad Schmidt |
| Ray Smith | William Steele | Edward Stefanek | Roland Stine | Joseph Stone |
| George Sullivan | Lawrence Sullivan | Richard Van Wormer | Thomas Williams |
Of those 14 crew members who boarded the ship initially, and who had participated on D-Day, only five sailed the PC-552 home in June 1945. These five crew members were:
| Enlisted Man | Enlisted Man | Enlisted Man | Enlisted Man | Enlisted Man |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charles Penny | Conrad Schmidt | Ray Smith | William Steele | George Sullivan |
Of all the crewmembers who boarded the USS PC-552 30 Jul 1942, only one stepped off the ship when she was decommissioned 18 April 1946: Boatswain's Mate Second Class (BM2c) George Clinton Sullivan, USN, who boarded with the rate of Able Seaman (AS). He had enlisted 5 May 1942 from New Haven, CT.[25][26]
Crew members on D-Day edit
The following crew members were all on board the USS PC-552 on D-Day:
This is the wedding picture of Pat Waldrop and Nick Stine, married 12 June 1946, two years to the month after D-Day. They went on to create a successful wildcat oil company and raise four children.
| Sailor | Enlist Date | Enlist Place | Sailor | Enlist Date | Enlist Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bailey, Richard | 03-Dec 42 | New York, NY | McKane, Thomas | 12 Jun 43 | New York, NY |
| Bergh, Harry | 09 Mar 42 | New York, NY | McMullen, Robert | ||
| Brendel, Frederick | 25 Nov 42 | Pittsburg, PA | Penny, Charles | 12 May 42 | St. Louis, MO |
| Breton, Camil | 21 Nov 42 | Manchester, NH | Petrikas, Arthur | 25 Feb 42 | Boston, MA |
| Brusca, Vincent | 23 Aug 43 | New York, NY | Raup, Samuel | 25 Mar 43 | Harrisburg, PA |
| Byers, Milton | 13 Oct 42 | San Francisco, CA | Robinson, Raymond | 01 Jun 42 | Boston, MA |
| Choquette, Emil | 14 Dec 42 | Springfield, MA | Root, Robert | 06 Jul 43 | Manchester, NH |
| Czarnecki, Robert | 12 Mar 42 | Pittsburg, PA | Ross, David | 09 Sep 41 | Washington, D.C. |
| David, Robert | 14 Aug 42 | New York, NY | Ross, Maurice | 29 Jun 43 | New York, NY |
| Dooley, Arthur | 15 Dec 42 | Boston, MA | Rounds, Raymond | 24 Nov 42 | Providence, RI |
| Gewinger, Robert | 03 Feb 42 | Boston, MA | Rubio, Edwin | 01 Jul 43 | New York, NY |
| Gossman, Frank | 10 Aug 42 | Miami, FL | Russo, Louis | 02 Jul 43 | New York, NY |
| Guzda, Theodore | 09 Jul 42 | New Haven, CT | Schmidt, Conrad | 1 May 42 | Philadelphia, PA |
| Hadju, Charles | 11 Dec 42 | New York, NY | Sheppard, Glen | 07 Jan 41 | Nashville, TN |
| Hancock, Alton | 05 Dec 41 | Macon, GA | Smith, Ray | 17 Feb 42 | Denver, CO |
| Hill, William | 27 Feb 41 | Omaha, NE | Steele, William | 4 May 42 | Pittsburg, PA |
| Johnson, Kieran | 01 Dec 42 | New York, NY | Stefanek, Edward | 29 Apr 42 | New York, NY |
| Joyce, Kenneth | 14 Dec 42 | Boston, MA | Stine, Roland | 27 Jun 41 | New Orleans, LA |
| Karpinen, Leslie | 11 Nov 42 | Milwaukee, WI | Stone, Joseph | 29 Oct 40 | St. Louis, MO |
| Kelberlau, Boyd | 30 Dec 42 | Chicago, IL | Sullivan, George | 5 May 42 | New Haven, CT |
| Kelly, Robert | 11 Dec 42 | New York, NY | Sullivan, Lawrence | 07 Apr 39 | Kansas City, MO |
| Kesnick, William | 23 Feb 42 | New Haven,CT | Van Wormer, Richard | 28 Apr 42 | Cleveland, OH |
| LaMay, Louis | 02 Sep 42 | Albany, NY | Vedetti, Patrick | 22 Oct 42 | Pittsburg, PA |
| Lambert, Francis | 22 Jul 42 | Kansas City, MO | Viceri, Ernest | 13 Mar 42 | Portland, OR |
| Lemme, Edward | 10 Feb 42 | St. Louis, MO | Watts, Richard | 20 Oct 42 | Philadelphia, PA |
| Litchfield, William | 06 Nov 40 | Cleveland, OH | Willard, Middleton | 24 Mar 42 | Nashville, TN |
| London, Foster | William, Thomas | 11 Apr 42 | Omaha, NE | ||
| Mahoney, John | 29 Mar 43 | Providence, RI | Wilson, Charles | 27-Jul-42 | Philadelphia, PA |
| Manfredi, Enrico | Wolfson, Julius | 03 Nov 42 | New York, NY | ||
| Mauney, Almon | 07 Mar 42 | Portland, OR | Woolever, Francis | 09 Mar 42 | New York, NY |
Crew statistics edit
| Recapitulation Sheet for Quarter Ending | 30 Sep 1942 | 31 Dec 1942 | 31 Mar 1943 | 30 Jun 1943 | 30 Sep 1943 | 31 Dec 1943 | 31 Mar 1944 | 30 Jun 1944 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headcount-beginning | 65 | 54 | 67 | 62 | 65 | 58 | 61 | 60 |
| Received | 27 | 9 | 27 | 13 | 9 | 4 | 2 | |
| Ordinary discharge (not recommended for reenlistment) | 1 | |||||||
| Special order discharge (for the convenience of the government) | ||||||||
| Transferred | 11 | 14 | 14 | 23 | 20 | 6 | 5 | 1 |
| Carried forward | 54 | 67 | 62 | 65 | 58 | 61 | 60 | 61 |
| Summary courts-martial | 1 | |||||||
| Deck courts-martial | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Absent over leave (less than 24 hours) | 3 | 7 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 1 | ||
| Absent over leave (over 24 hours) | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 7 | |||
| Absent without leave (less than 24 hours) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Absent without leave (over 24 hours) | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Advances in ratings | 16 | 27 | 31 | 27 | 25 | 18 | 19 | |
| Reductions in ratings | 1 | |||||||
| Man days in confinement awaiting trial by court-martial | ||||||||
| Man days in confinement sentence of court-martial | 5 | |||||||
| Man days in confinement (sentence at mast) | 6 | 2 |
| Recapitulation Sheet for Quarter Ending | 30 Sep 1944 | 31 Dec 1944 | 31 Mar 1945 | 30 Jun 1945 | 30 Sep 1945 | 31 Dec 1945 | 31 Mar 1946 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headcount-beginning | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 53 | 44 |
| Enlistments | 5 | 1 | |||||
| Received | 3 | 24 | 3 | 30 | 6 | 11 | |
| Ordinary discharge (not recommended for reenlistment) | |||||||
| Special order discharge (for the convenience of the government) | 5 | 1 | |||||
| Transferred | 3 | 24 | 4 | 37 | 15 | 16 | |
| Carried forward | 61 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 53 | 44 | 39 |
| Summary courts-martial | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Deck courts-martial | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | |
| Absent over leave (less than 24 hours) | 24 | 14 | 2 | 3 | |||
| Absent over leave (over 24 hours) | 1 | ||||||
| Absent without leave (less than 24 hours) | 2 | 3 | |||||
| Absent without leave (over 24 hours) | 1 | ||||||
| Advances in ratings | 3 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 6 | 9 | |
| Reductions in ratings | 2 | 1 | |||||
| Man days in confinement awaiting trial by court-martial | 5 | ||||||
| Man days in confinement sentence of court-martial | 25 | 30 | 20 | ||||
| Man days in confinement (sentence at mast) | 20 | 20 |
Source for information about crew edit
Unless otherwise noted, the sources for this information were all the "Muster Roll of the Crew of the U.S.S. PC 552", the "Report of Changes of U.S.S. PC 552", "the Recapitulation Sheet of the U.S.S. PC 552", and related personnel reports for the years 1942-1946, the naval life of the ship. These are stored in microfiche form at the National Archives and Records Administration. Naval ships were required to issue a Muster Roll each quarter and a Report of Changes monthly, and upon special events such as the commissioning of the ship, the decommissioning of the ship, or the end of a voyage. The Muster Rolls were instructed to be only a roster of the enlisted men although officer information was sometimes added. The Reports reported changes in the crew such as transfers, promotions, arrivals, hospitalization, etc. These were compiled by the yeoman, essentially a clerk/typist, and thus influenced by the experience and thoroughness of the yeomen. During the commission of the ship, there were six sailors who served as Yeoman. In particular, the Muster Rolls for 30 Jun 1943 and 30 Sep 1943 had to be interpreted. These reports were then signed by the ship's executive officer (nine during the life of the ship), who was personally responsible for them, and the ship's commander, who approved them. One can still see the pencil tic marks and the tears fixed with scotch tape.
In December 1944, PC-552 quit requiring the date and place of enlistment, and did not always require this before which explains the blanks in the table above.
Rates of crew members edit
The rates of enlisted men in a typical PC crew were:
Boatswain (BM)
Ship's Cook (SC)
Coxswain (COX)
Electrician (ELEC, EM)
Fireman (F)
Gunner's Mate (GM)
Motor Machinist's Mate (MoMM)
Pharmacist's Mate PhM)
Quartermaster (QM)
Radarman (RD)
Radioman (RM)
Seaman (SEA)
Shipfitter (SF)
Signalman SM)
Soundman (SoM)
Officer's Steward (SD)
Storekeeper (SK)
Yeoman (Y)[27]
Deployments edit
1942 edit
Summary of 1942 edit
The USS PC 552 was commissioned on 29 Jul 1942. The first few months were spent shaking down the ship, calibrating the engines, steering communication, guns, etc. The next month was spent training against American submarines. The first combat mission was in September during which the ship engaged with suspected German submarines. For most of the remainder of the year, the ship screened convoys between Tompkinsville, Staten Island, New York and Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, berthing primarily at both places. There were several contacts with suspected enemy submarines which were attacked vigorously but no proof of destruction (Deck Log of USS PC-552).
Venezuela was a critical source of oil for the Allies, which was refined in Aruba, then carried to the East Coast, then transferred across the Atlantic. German submarines were very active in the Caribbean, attempting to disrupt this flow. It was the PC-552's job to protect these convoys.
Ship is commissioned edit
29 July 1942: "1410 hours: Lt Commander Sassley[17] USN turned vessel over to Lt. Donald McVickar USNR as C.O. Ship was commissioned as USS PC 552 and colors hoisted. The following were guests abroad during commissioning ceremonies: Captain Paul P. Blackburn USN (Ret), Mrs. J. R. Birmingham, Dr. Paive (?) W. Fuller, Mrs. William Carr, Mrs. E. Kennedy, Mrs. B Campbell, Mrs. V.D. Cutting, Miss A Cutting, Mr. F.C. Fisher, Mr. H.L. McVickar, Mrs. Donald McVickar, Mrs. H. C. Taylor, Miss C. Moss, Mr Feunie, Mr. E.A. Stern."[18]
July 1942: Most of crew was boarded.[18]
10 August 1942: Photographer taken on board to photograph crew.[28]
Shake down cruises and training edit
12 Aug 1942: First cruise, around New York Harbor. Ammunition loaded.[28]
August 1942: Lots of testing guns, compass, engines, etc. Many minor repairs and adjustments. Minor excursions, at first around Sullivan Dry Dock, which built the ship, then to Tompkinsville, Staten Island to berth, then to New York Harbor, Oyster Bay, and Boston, MA to take on more ammunition. The ship finished the month berthed in Boston.[28] These series of cruises were preliminary trials while the trip to the Boston Navy Yard was for a shakedown cruise,[14] with final equipment installation and adjustment.[17]
7 September 1942: To Provincetown, MA to test engines, steering, and communication. Returned to Boston the next day.[29] At the conclusion of this period, the ship was assigned to the Eastern Sea Frontier,[14] which consisted of the coastal waters from Canada to Jacksonville, Florida, extending out for a nominal distance of two hundred miles.
11-15 September 1942: To New London, CT and Cold Springs Harbor for training operations[17] against American submarines. Returned to Tompkinsville 15 September 1942.[29] The ship was then transferred to the Caribbean Sea Frontier, which consisted of 2.5 square miles divided into three sectors: Panama, Trinidad, and Puerto Rico.[30]
First encounter with the enemy edit
20 Sep 1942: First real convoy escort[17] patrol.[29]
21 Sep 1942: Made contact with submarine and attacked. Dirty water observed.[29]
22 Sep 1942: Made contact again. Attacked twice with help of airplane. Oil slick observed. No proof of successful attack.[29]
27 Sep 1942: Arrived at new berth at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. End of first combat patrol.[29]
Convoy duty edit
29 Sep 1942: Out to sea again.[29]
07 Oct 1942: Arrived in Tompkinsville to pick up more crew.[31]
Convoy duty edit
11-18 Oct 1942: Zigzagged with convoy to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.[31]
20 Oct 1942: To Santiago de Cuba.[31]
21 Oct 1942: Return to Guantanamo Bay. Made contact with submarine at 0946 and fired upon it. Lost contact at 1010. Arrived at Guantanamo Bay.[31]
Convoy duty edit
23 Oct 1942: Underway for Tompkinsville.[31]
29 Oct 1942: Made contact twice but lost it without firing.[31]
30 Oct 1942: Arrived in Tompkinsville.[31]
Convoy duty edit
04 Nov 1942: Left for Guantanamo Bay, Cuba in a zigzagging convoy.[19]
Presidential Citation edit
11 Nov 1942: Arrived at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. "1629. Quarters for muster. Ship’s company inspected by Commanding Officer. Presentation of Silver Star Medal to Robert B. Christensen, Shipfitter, Second Class, and announcement of Presidential Citation." (no more details provided).[19]
13 Nov 1942: To Santiago, Cuba and berthed.[19]
14 Nov 1942: Left for and arrived at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.[19]
Convoy duty edit
15 Nov 1942: Left with zigzagging convey bound for Tompkinsville.[19]
23 Nov 1942: Made contact with suspected enemy submarine. From 1220 to 1850 (six and one-half hours), a running battle. Two major attacks by ship with help of HMS Halifax and airplane. Multiple depth charges dropped by all. No proof of success.[19]
24 Nov 1942: Arrived at Tompkinsville.[19]
New commanding officer edit
28 Nov 1942: "Lt. J.R. Pilling, Jr. USNR relieved Lt. D McVickar USNR as commanding officer in accordance with Commandant Fifth Naval District’s orders NH8/00/J-104365 dated November 17, 1942."[19]
Convoy duty edit
18 Dec 1942: Cast off to screen patrol in zigzag course. Contact at 1037. Dropped two depth charges. Lost contact.[32]
25 Dec 1942: Arrived and berthed at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.[33]
Convoy duty edit
28 Dec 1942: Left Guantanamo Bay screening a zigzagging convoy.[33]
1943 edit
Summary of 1943 edit
The USS PC-552 performed protection for convoys going from New York (berthed at Tompkinsville) to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba and back. For the most part, serious maintenance was performed at Tompkinsville[17] such as replacing guns. Tompkinsville was also the main source for ammunition and new personnel. The first half of the year was similar to how 1942 was: periodic contacts with potential enemy submarines resulting in instant attacks by the USS PC-552, great care given to zigzagging convoys, detailed deck log entries, etc. These were anxious, serious men at an anxious, serious task. The last half of the year, the convoys became routine. There were no contacts with potential enemies, there were less frequent convoys, and the deck log entries became cursory. Often, not even the name of the mooring station was mentioned. It apparently was obvious to all at the time where they berthed although not to us, reading the deck log entries today.
While on convoy patrol, PC-522 is believed to have killed a Nazi submarine on 15 May 1943 at 2300 hours.[13] The ship was given credit for a possible kill in company with another PC[17] (not clear this is the same incident).
04 Jan 1943: Arrived and berthed at Tompkinsville.[34]
Convoy duty edit
11 Jan 1943: Left Tompkinsville screening zigzagging convoy.[34]
General quarters sounded. Convoy member boarded edit
17 Jan 1943: 1420. Sounded general quarters. Prepared boarding party. Boarded #33 in convoy at 1527. Boarding party remained on #33.[34]
18 Jan 1943: Retrieved boarding party. Arrived and berthed at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.[34]
19 Jan 1943: Left Guantanamo Bay on special sea detail. Set special sea detail at 1305 (no explanation of what this means). Returned to Guantanamo Bay.[34]
Convoy duty edit
21 Jan 1943: Cast off for sea duty. Zigzagging convoy protection.[34]
Enemy contact edit
22 Jan 1943: At 340, picked up good contact of enemy submarine. Dropped several depth charges. Noticed only smell of fish oil, afterwards.[34]
27 Jan 1943: Arrived at Tompkinsville, Staten Island. Moored. Many sailors released on leave.[34]
Convoy duty edit
7 Feb 1943: Cast off for sea and made underway to protect zigzagging convoy.[35]
14 Feb 1943: Arrived at Guantanamo Bay.[35]
Convoy duty edit
17 Feb 1943: Cast off from Guantanamo Bay to accompany zigzagging convoy.[35]
26 Feb 1943: Arrived at Tompkinsville and moored. Significant inspections. Passed all.[35]
Convoy duty edit
11 Mar 1943: Cast off and made way to sea. Screened zigzagging convoy.[36]
17 Mar 1943: Arrived at Key West, FL and moored.[36]
Convoy duty edit
22 Mar 1943: Cast off and made to sea to screen zigzagging convoy.[36]
28 Mar 1943: Arrived at Tompkinsville, Staten Island, New York.[36]
Convoy duty edit
02 Apr 1943: Cast off for special sea detail. Zigzagging convoy.[37]
09 Apr 1943: Arrived at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.[37]
Convoy duty edit
12 Apr 1943: Cast off for new sea detail. Rendezvous with American submarine for training.[37]
13 Apr 1943: Returned to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.[37]
Convoy duty edit
14 Apr 1943: Cast off to protect new convoy, zigzagging, as always.[37]
Enemy contact edit
15 Apr 1943: Possible contact with enemy submarine. Depth charges dropped. No evidence of success.[37]
20 Apr 1943: Possible contact with enemy submarine three times outside New York harbor. Contact attacked by ship each time.[37]
20 Apr 1943: Arrived at Tompkinsville.[37]
Important events edit
30 Apr 1943: Obviously important events:
"1405: Received aboard from Grimshaw's Confectionary, candy, soap + gum."
"1503: Received aboard from Maritime Tobacco Co., cigarettes + book matches."[37]
Convoy duty edit
2 May 1943: Cast off for sea.[38]
9 May 1943: Arrived at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.[38]
Convoy duty edit
14 May 1943: Got under way as ordered. Various courses and speeds.[38]
22 May 1943: Arrived at Tompkinsville.[38]
Convoy duty edit
06 Jun 1943: Cast off for sea detail.[39]
13 Jun 1943: Arrived at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.[39]
Convoy duty edit
16 Jun 1943: Cast off for sea detail.[39]
24 Jun 1943: Arrived at Tompkinsville.[39]
Convoy duty edit
06 Jul 1943: Ship underway for special sea duty.[40]
13 Jul 1943: Ship moored at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.[40]
Convoy duty edit
14 Jul 1943: Ship underway.[40]
19 Jul 1943: Moored at Tompkinsville.[40]
Convoy duty edit
22 Jul 1943: Cast off, underway.[40]
29 Jul 1943: Moored at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.[40]
Convoy duty edit
02 Aug 1943: Cast off, underway.[41]
07 Aug 1943: Arrived at Tompkinsville.[41]
09 Aug 1943: Transferred back to Eastern Sea Frontier.[14]
Convoy duty edit
10 Aug 1943: Underway.[41]
11 Aug 1943: Moored.[41]
Convoy duty edit
13 Aug 1943: Underway.[41]
15 Aug 1943: Moored.[41]
Convoy duty edit
17 Aug 1943: Set special sea detail and underway.[41]
23 Aug 1943: Moored at Tompkinsville. Received new guns and plenty of ammunition.[41]
Convoy duty edit
09 Sep 1943: Underway.[42]
15 Sep 1943: Moored.[42]
Convoy duty edit
19 Sep 1943: Underway.[42]
28 Sep 1943: Moored.[42]
New commanding officer edit
02 Oct 1943: "1300: Lieutenant J. Ross Pilling, USNR, in accordance with official letter from BuPers, turned over command of this vessel to Lt. (jg) Frank Pierce in presence of part of this vessel’s crew."[20]
Convoy duty edit
05 Oct 1943: Underway.[20]
11 Oct 1943: Moored at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.[20]
Convoy duty edit
16 Oct 1943: Set special sea detail. Underway.[20]
24 Oct 1943: Moored. (Tompkinsville?).[20]
Convoy duty edit
29 Oct 1943: Castoff-Underway.[20]
04 Nov 1943: Moored.[43]
Convoy duty edit
09 Nov 1943: Cast off all lines and underway.[43]
17 Nov 1943: Moored.[43]
Convoy duty edit
28 Nov 1943: Cast off and underway.[43]
Note: December 1943 Deck Log has been lost. edit
17 Dec 1943: The ship arrived into New York from her last trip from Guantanamo Bay as she had been selected to go to France.[17]
In Dec 1943, ship was originally assigned to the 8th Fleet (Mediterranean), perhaps without the ship knowing this, then switched to being assigned to the 12th Fleet (Europe).[14]
Preparing to cross the Atlantic edit
21–31 Dec 1943: Left Tomkinsville, Staten Island, New York in the company of Destroyer Escorts (DE) 181, 318, and 225 and the PC's 553 and 1225 to escort the convoy New York Section UGS 28 (United States to Gibraltar-Slow) to Norfolk, Virginia.[44]
25 Dec 1943: PC-552 was placed in drydock #1 to have bottom scraped and painted, then berthed.[44]
1944 edit
Summary of 1944 edit
During this phase of the war, PC-552 protected a convoy across the Atlantic as the Western Allies built up the naval fleet in anticipation of the Normandy invasion. It then patrolled the European theatre coasts and was based in Dartmouth, Devon, Plymouth, and Falmouth, Britain, then after D-Day, in Cherbourg, France.[45] On D-Day, it served as the control vessel for Omaha Beach. Starting December 1943, there was a renewed interest and urgency aboard the USS PC-552. There was an immediate return to the emphasis of zigzagging convoys and meticulous entries to the deck log. Things were serious again. All seemed to know this was the beginnings of the big show, with D-Day being the biggest. It is clear from reading the documents all knew D-Day was to be the deciding event of the 20th century, and that the transatlantic crossing was the prelude to that deciding event.
It was not all over after D-Day. The Germans continued to strafe and lay mines the remainder of the year. The Channel Islands were still held by the Germans which served as a military base from which to launch attacks. There still was a concern regarding enemy submarines.
The trans Atlantic crossing to England edit
05 Jan 1944: Orders came in January for the move to England. PC-1225, along with PC-552 and PC-553 and several DE's, escorted a large, slow-moving convoy across the Atlantic[46] as Task Force 69 for the United Kingdom.[17] The convoy was UGS-29 and consisted of 53 merchant ships, the army tug LT (Large Tug) 221. the LST's (Landing Ship, Tank) 22, 8, and 44, the LCI's (Landing Craft, Infantry) 493-503, and the carrier USS Guadalcanal with escorts.[44] The crossing was very rough.[17]
15 Jan 1945: Broke off main convoy approximately 527 miles southwest of Ponta Delgada, the Azores, as Task Force 62.9. This task force included the LCI's (Landing Craft, Infantry) 493-503 escorted by the PC's 552, 553, and 1225 and headed to Horta, Fayel, the Azores. Ship's evaporator broke down and ship was with little fresh water.[44]
17 Jan 1944: Berthed at Horta, Fayel, the Azores, where the PC-552 remained because of intense weather.[44]
22 Jan 1944: Left Horta as part of Task Group 120.2 which included as additional escorts, the PC's 553 and 1225. Vessels escorted were the LCI's 493-502. The convoy was bound for the Tamer River, Dartmouth, Devon but was seriously delayed by the weather. There were several false alarms but the convoy arrived without incident.[44]
27 Jan 1944: Berthed in the Tamer River, Saltash, England.[44]
"This was their (crew and officers') first look at open warfare as they witnessed the German bombings of England's south coast."[17](Ship's History).
European duties commence edit
10 Feb 1944: First European sea duty commenced. Purpose was to test engines and armament.[47]
12 Feb 1944: Return to Plymouth, England.[47]
Feb 1944: PC-552 berthed in the River Dart, as well as Falmouth, Cornwall. Twice, an air raid was sounded at which the ship sounded General Quarters. The ship was secured from General Quarters both times without incident.[47] The ship escorted traffic around the English coast as well as protected troop during landing exercises, usually in conjunction with PC's 553 and 1225.[48]
Death from military exercises edit
Argonauthistorian6/sandbox | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 46th United States Secretary of the Navy | |
| In office July 11, 1940 – April 28, 1944 | |
| President | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Preceded by | Charles Edison |
| Succeeded by | James V. Forrestal |
| Personal details | |
| Born | William Franklin Knox January 1, 1874 Boston, Massachusetts, United States |
| Died | April 28, 1944 (aged 70) Washington, D.C., United States |
| Resting place | 250px |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Annie Reid Knox |
| Parent |
|
| Alma mater | Alma College |
| Profession | Publisher |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1898, 1917–1919 |
| Rank | Major |
| Battles/wars | Spanish–American War World War I |
Mar 1944: More routine coastal escorting, military exercises, and some patrols in coastal waters, usually in the company of PC's 553 and 1225.[49] Lots of landing and screening exercises. Two soldiers wounded (11 Mar 1944) during exercises and treated by flotilla medical officers: Sgt. Poriotos (hit in left arm by shrapnel) and Private First Class McGirts (hit in back by shrapnel), both of the 16th Infantry. Private McGirts later died.[50] Most of the time, when not active, berthed in Dartmouth, England, near the Oiler HMS Berta.[50]
"Falmouth, Dartmouth, Plymouth, and Torquay will ever remain in the minds of those who served aboard "552" during this period of preparation. As spring grew into summer, the tension became greater and officers and men were confident that the ship they had made ready and trained aboard would do her bit when the fateful day arrived." (Ship's History).[17]
edit
This is a complete plan for the ships of the Western Naval Task Force 122. It includes information on how the ships were to come together, how to get ammunition, order of assaulting waves, what to do with the dead, etc.....
"The assault is to be pressed home with relentless vigor regardless of loss or difficulty."
"Exploit every advantage gained to the end that unexpected opportunity will not be lost." NOWTF Neptune Monograph, Page 7 of 12.
The USS PC-552's call sign was "5Baker8".
27 Apr 1944: Five Landing Ship Tanks ("LST") were hit right behind the PC-552's convoy. About 400 sailors and soldiers died.[51]
27-28 Apr 1944: During the late evening and early morning ship observed sporadic gunfire and illumination fire.[52]
29 Apr 1944: 0810: "Executed colors at half mast in memory of the Secretary of the Navy and for the dead resulting from the engagement with German E-boats of April 27–28."[53]
Apr 1944: Yet more coastal escorting, screening, patrolling, and military assault and landing exercises, often with PC 553 and PC 1225.[52] Three air raids were sounded in April while the ship was berthed.[53]
May 1944: Continued prophetic military exercises consisting of assaults, landings, and escort duty.[54]
27 May 1944: The USS PC-552 was involved with a practice operation which turned out to be a dress rehearsal for D-Day.[17] While escorting a convoy during a period of zero visibility due to weather, PC-552 collided with LCT (R) (Landing Craft, Tank) 439. PC-552 stayed with LCT 439 all day, then entered port at Dartmouth when instructed to do so.[54] This incident temporarily shattered the men's hopes.[17]
28–31 May 1944: Board of Investigation came to inspect the damage. The ship was repaired. It was the mundane before the storm.[54]
01-03 Jun 1944: Ship repaired.
D-Day edit
04 Jun 1944: PC-552 took on all supplies and arrived at Poole Bay to be berthed alongside PC-553. Operation Overlord (battle plans for the invasion of Normandy) were received from the USS Samuel Chase. Immediate action to understand, in the limited time available, Operation Overlord. PC-552 proceeded to her assigned station in Poole Bay and anchored at 2209.[55]
edit
To: ALL HANDS
Subject: Coming Events
"... In this force there are battleships, cruisers, and destroyers. There are hundreds of landing ships and craft, scores of patrol and escort vessels, dozens of special assault craft. Every man in every ship has his job. And these tens of thousands of men and jobs add up to one task only - to land and support and supply and reinforce the finest Army ever sent to battle by the United States. In that task we shall not fail. I await with confidence the further proof, in this the greatest battle of them all, that American sailors are seamen and fighting men second to none."[56]
It begins edit
05 Jun 1944: The ships were kept in the dark about the actual timing of the invasion. "The secrecy surrounding the whole thing was uncanny."[17] As the ships began to congregate, the crew did not know whether this was the real thing or another rehearsal. AS the number of ships poured in, it soon became obvious.[17] PC-552 began rounding up task force at 0222B and was underway by 0320B. Task force rendezvoused with main assault group at 0930B. Weather was very rough and several ships had trouble keeping station. USS LCT (A) 2043 reported its engine room flooding and was in serious difficulty. PC-552 passed over her only emergency portable pump and the ship was able to continue. At 2225B, ship received an S.O.S from the USS LCT (A) 2229. Ship was taking on moderate seas and was unable to jettison its cargo of tanks. PC-552 took on the Army personnel and the ship was able to survive by leaving station. Convoy proceeded on.[55]
"It was not until several months later that the men talked of their humble feelings on that day when they learned that the time for invasion had actually come."[17](Ship's History).
06 Jun 1944: PC-552 arrived in transport area off the coast of France at 0300B. Ship came to general quarters at 0332. At 0340, PC-552 synchronized watches with the USS Samuel Chase, then proceeded to her assigned station 4,000 yards from the beach at 0409B. As the USS PC-552 left the USS Samuel Chase, the Chase said over the loud hailer, "Good luck PC 552. Take your station."[17] Ship proceeded down the swept, buoyed channel, then to her designated line of departure at 0459B. PC-522 buoyed her line of departure for Fox Green beach, then took up station as the Fox Green beach Patrol Control Craft ("PCC").
6 Jun 1944: As Patrol Control Craft, PC-552 guided and controlled the invasion of Fox Green sector of Omaha Beach, Normandy. There were 18 patrol control craft in total at Normandy organized as PC Squadron One.[57] During the Battle of Normandy, all PC's were under intense 50 cal. and artillery fire.[2] PC-1261 was sunk with significant loss of life by a direct hit by 88 artillery after being bracketed.[58]
06 Jun 1944: At 0530, first wave of attackers approached, the 741 Tank Battalion (DD (duplex drive) Sherman amphibious tanks destined for the eastern half of Omaha, guided by LCC-20). At 0542, the first wave was dispatched.[55] "At 06.41 Patrol Craft 552 observing the beaches reported back to the USS Chase-'entire first wave foundered.[59] (Unfortunately on D-Day the waves were too high and many DDs destined for Omaha were swamped and sank while still well off shore. On other beaches the commanders realized the danger and brought their DDs much closer inshore before launching allowing them to reach the shore.)[60] PC-552 spent the next 45 minutes picking up survivors.[46] PC-552 watched many of the soldiers drown in front of them, helpless to do anything about them. Lieutenant Pierce's official report is below.
The ship was known as "Rustbucket 552" on the radio circuits. "On this historic day, all hands experienced for the first time, the terrible din of constant gunfire from shore, seaward, and from the air."[17] (Ship's History).
06 Jun 1944: Ship became focus of enemy artillery fire and was bracketed and within moments of being hit. An American destroyer from the gunfire support group reduced the enemy installation before it could fire for effect. PC-552 continued picking up drowning men while under heavy enemy fire. The men picked up were:
Name Rank Unit Name Rank Unit Clements, Harold R. T-4 741 Tank Battalion Hulsey, Woodrow T-5 741 Tank Battalion Henkelman, Leonard Sgt. 741 Tank Battalion Melanson, Gerard T-5 741 Tank Battalion McGowan, John R. Pfc. 741 Tank Battalion Metzger, Donald R. Pfc. 741 Tank Battalion Johnson, Herman R. Cpl. 741 Tank Battalion Hutton, Gale Pvt. 741 Tank Battalion Covington, John H. 2nd Lt. 741 Tank Battalion Linguina, Vincent 1st Lt. 741 Tank Battalion Caccavoni, Frank J. Pfc. 741 Tank Battalion Norwood, Clayton Cpl. 741 Tank Battalion Crisler, Norman Sgt. 741 Tank Battalion
Picked up already dead were:
Name Rank Unit Name Rank Unit Domenighini, Elmo Unk Unk Belcher, D. Pjx. SMN GEGC
Transferred from the PA 45-25:
Name Rank Unit Name Rank Unit Slodkowski, Walter Cpl. 741 Tank Battalion Greenside, Norman J. Cpl. 741 Tank Battalion
"Some of those taken from the sea brought death aboard the ship for the first time."[17] (Ship's History).
Some soldiers were so weak from exposure, sailors from PC-552 were required to be lowered by rope to the water to place ropes around the soldiers to pull them from the water. Those soldiers did not have the strength to raise their arms to grab hold of the rope.[55]
“For meritorious service in active sustained operations against the enemy in the Bay of Seine, France, for various periods of time in the Area Screen of the Naval Western Task Force, while participating in the invasion of France, June 1944." See also, entry for 25 Aug 1944.
Courtesy of Frank E. Pierce III (son).
06 Jun 1944: 1620: Received order advising all further tank landings to occur at Fox Green Beach.[61]
06 Jun 1944: PC-552's SCR 609 radio did not work and there was no communication with the beach master on Fox Green beach, which was under heavy mortar and small arms fire. Ship was relieved of control duties at 1758B and commenced screening operations.[55]
06 Jun 1944: At the close of D-Day, 1740B, PC-552, along with the rest of PC Squadron One, was assigned to patrol the "Dixie Line", a ring of ships to protect the capital ships and transports from submarines and E-boats.[55]
07–08 Jun 1944: Ship attacked by, and responded to, enemy aircraft.[61] Ship engaged in routine combat duties, including control of Fox Green beach.[55]
09 Jun 1944: Continued same duties. Ship engaged enemy aircraft with her full armament at 2339B and experienced near bomb misses close to the stern.[55]
10–19 Jun 1944: Enemy planes again engaged at 0348B on 11 June 1944 and at 0342B on 13 June 1944.[61] At 1835B on 14 June 1944, fired upon a DUKW loaded with Teller mines (German anti-tank mines). Ship exploded and sank. PC-552 remained in the vicinity of Fox Green beach.[55]
19–22 Jun 1944: Ship lost anchor at 1326B on 19 June 1944 and was forced to ride out a gale until the gale was over. The anchor was then replaced from a cannibalized craft.[55]
23–26 Jun 1944: Served as dispatch vessel.[55]
28 Jun 1944: 1432: Recovered body of Thomas M. Stamm, US Navy and proceeded to Easy White Beach for burial.[61]
28–30 Jun 1944: Routine duties.[55] Received and escorted Convoy CU (Curaçao to the United Kingdom) 49 bringing fuel from Venezuelan refineries. (See CU Convoys ).[61]
Relieved from the line edit
01 Jul 1944: Ship left the coast of France and moored in Dartmouth, England at 1755B.[62]
02 Jul 1944: Ship took on supplies, received two new anchors, and affected emergency repairs.[62]
03 Jul 1944: Sailed from Dartmouth and returned to the fleet.[62]
04 Jul 1944: Routine duties.[62]
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05–06 Jul 1944: Each night, enemy aircraft sowed mines. Mines were sunk by ship gunfire.[62]
07 Jul 1944: More routine duties.[62]
08 Jul 1944: Found body, secured identification, and buried body at sea due to condition of remains.[62]
09–13 Jul 1944: Routine duties.[62]
14–25 Jul 1944: Dry docked 20 Jul 1944. Full inspection.[63] Returned to Dartmouth, went into dry dock for repairs, and left gunnery officer in hospital. Received replacement.[62]
26 Jul 1944: Returned to active duty at Cherbourg.[62]
27–31 Jul 1944: Routine work.[62]
01–03 Aug 1944: Routine work.[64]
German human torpedo found edit
04 Aug 1944: Found German human torpedo with rudder damaged and pilot dead.[64]
05–13 Aug 1944: Routine duty: patrols, picket lines, etc.[64]
14 Aug 1944: Enemy aircraft came and dropped flares. Expected bombers did not come.[64]
New commanding officer edit
25 Aug 1944: 0900: "In accordance with COMPHIBSUKAY 232117B August 1944 and COMPHIBSUKAY 232115B August 1944, Lt. Frank E. PIERCE, 204832, USNR Commanding Officer, was relieved of command of the USSPC552 (sic), by Lt. Albert Bradley MOLL, 130991,USNR, Crew present at quarters."[21] At this ceremony, Commander Pierce received the Bronze Star for the action during the invasion.[17]
Sep 1944: Routine.[65]
Oct 1944: Routine. Assigned to patrol of Channel Islands. Weather very nasty.[66]
Armistice Day observed. A reflection on the Great War edit
11 Nov 1944: 1100: "Lowered ensign to half mast in observance of Armistice Day."[67]
Nov 1944: Routine patrolling, etc. Located floating mines and sank them with gunfire. Sank derelict ship which was considered a menace to shipping.[68]
01–23 Dec 1944: Routine.[69]
Germans attack. Still dangerous edit
24–25 Dec 1944: Proceeded seaward at flank speed to look for survivors of the HMS Leopoldville, sunk just off Cherbourg harbor[17] by either a mine or torpedo. Found none but PC-1263 found several survivors. Very heavy seas.[69]
26 Dec 1944: Report of a submarine on surface attacking shipping. General Quarters was sounded and ship rushed to scene. Found two damaged ships, both British destroyer escorts, one sinking, towed the floating ship which had been torpedoed[17] (HMS 462)[70] back, and directed PT boats to pick up survivors. The submarine was nowhere in sight.[69] PC-552 was now known as "Cherry" on the radio circuit.[17]
27–31 Dec 1944: Routine.[69]
1945 edit
Summary of 1945 in Europe edit
The Allies were closing in on Germany proper and all knew the end of the European war was in sight. However, it would have been a mistake to think the fighting was over in the English Channel. The Germans still held the Channel Islands. The Germans remained fighting to the bitter end; with the Germans, it was not over until it was over. A suspected enemy submarine was detected and attacked in January 1945; a raid was launched by the Germans in February which almost resulted in the sinking of a sister patrol craft, the USS PC-564, a fate narrowly missed by the USS PC-552. President Roosevelt died that Spring.
01 Jan 1945: 1225: Made contact with potential enemy submarine and attacked it with the USS Borum. No evidence of success.[71]
New commanding officer edit
Jan 1945: Routine except change of command 28 Jan 1945. Lieutenant James S. Spielman relieved Lieutenant A. Bradley Moll at 1030A.[72]
01–05 Feb 1945: Routine.[73]
The Germans attempt a night raid. edit
06-07 Feb 1945: PC-552 foiled an attempted night raid against the allies by the garrison commander of the Channel Islands, Admiral Friedrich Hüffmeier. An escorting Schnellboot ("E-boat") was detected by PC-552. PC-552 intercepted the E-boat and opened fire. PC-552 chased the E-boat for more than twenty miles, firing on it the whole time, before it eventually outran PC-552.[10] The only casualty sustained was Coxswain George Sullivan, who received a slight bruise on the left foot when struck by an ejected 3" 50 cal. shell case.[74] Subsequently, a successful raid, led by Kapitänleutnant Carl-Friedrich Mohr, occurred on the night of 8 March 1945 – 9 March 1945 (Granville Raid). That time, the Germans severely damaged the PC present, PC-564, killing many crew members and wounding others.[10][73]
08-28 Feb 1945: Routine.[73]
Mar 1945: Routine. Back to training and some shore liberty.[75]
Apr 1945: Routine, sinking mines and patrolling, except the following on April 14.[76]
PC-552 mourned death of Roosevelt edit
"14 April 1945: At 1530 B, lowered colors to half mast in obedience to Secretary Navy dispatch 122351/69, dated 13 April 1945, giving official notice of the death of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Dropped two depth charges on known wreck at 1920 B in position 49°°45'40"N 01°44'00"W."[77]
01–30 May 1945: Routine.[78] The German forces on the Channel Islands kept the PC's in the Cherbourg area on constant alert and this was not relaxed until the Germans surrendered on 8 May 1945.[17] After the German surrender, there were constant rumors from below decks as to where the ship would go from here.[17]
31 May 1945: TU 122.2.1 dissolved by order of CTG 122.2.[78] The European war was over for the USS PC-552.
Sources for deployments edit
The primary source for the deployments was the War Diary of the U.S.S. PC 552. On 29 Oct 1943, the US Navy issued order FF1/A12-1/A16-3, Serial 7152 which directed the commanders of all Navy ships in combat to write war diaries to preserve for history the experience of the ships and their crews. The war diary for PC-552 stretches from 21 Dec 1943 to 30 Jun 1945. Also written were official after battle reports, action reports, and other such reports. All these documents were originally classified as "Secret" but were declassified 31 Dec 2012. They are now maintained in microfiche form at the National Archives and Records Administration. A copy resides at the Bay County Historical Society Museum-PCSA Collection, MI.
Another important source were the daily Deck Logs of the USS PC-552. That is the formal name of what laymen typically refer to as the "Ship's Log". They begin upon the commission of the ship, 29 Jul 1942, and end on the decommissioning of the ship, 18 Apr 1946. They were handwritten by various watch officers on a rocking and pitching ship until 01 Jun 1944 and deciphering them can be quite challenging. After that, they were typed. For some reason, the month of December 1943 has been lost. The Deck Logs also are now maintained in microfiche form at the National Archives and Records Administration. A copy of the Deck Logs also resides at the Bay County Historical Society Museum-PCSA Collection, MI.
A brief but important source is the "Ship's History". This report is only three pages long but it is the best source for understanding the emotions of the crew during its ordeal. It covers the period from 29 Jul 1942 to the "end of 1945". It was most likely written by, or at the direction of, the commander at that time, Lt. James Spielman and was dated 23 March 1946.
It is good to remember that all these documents were written by humans, who used human judgment as to whether to note something. For example, once in Europe, German air raids and picking up dead bodies from the sea were fairly common occurrences. At some point, they became too common to report. The Deck Log might mention an air raid on one day but the War Diary might make no mention of it. A week later, the opposite might be true. The clearest picture comes from reading all the documents.
PC-552 Crew Member Accounts of Normandy edit
Bill and Ted were childhood friends and remained close buddies all their lives. They grew up together in Waterford, a neighborhood in Stamford CT and finagled to be on the same ship together. They wanted to "get those sons of bitches who bombed Pearl Harbor." At the Battle of Normandy, they were on the PC-552, back to back, shooting at the enemy. Neither suffered a scratch. Bill got out of the navy in 1947, married Vera, and had two children. He opened a liquor in New Haven, CT. As a liquor store proprietor, Bill was robbed four times, pistol whipped once, and shot in the shoulder once.
Courtesy of Mr. Kesnick
"We knew when the invasion would come because the channel was so full of ships you couldn’t count them. The sea was so rough that when we started we couldn’t make it."[79]
"When we left, they told us, ‘God bless you, 552.' They didn't expect us to come back,"... (Kesnick).[51]
"We turned back to Southampton...stayed till 2 or so and heard that the invasion was on, we headed back out. We practically led the whole convoy across the Channel. The Augusta was the headquarters of the whole invasion. It was a heavy cruiser. We came alongside and they told us good luck, you’re on your own. We lead (sic) the boys into Omaha Beach."[79]
"We were the control vessel for the first wave of the invasion, they all went down, we picked up all the survivors and threw them on deck."[79]
"The sea was still rough... Bill (William Kesnick) lost his helmet while enemy planes were shooting and shore batteries were firing. We were back to back on 20 mm guns. I emptied a bucket of sand and told him to put it on his head and all you heard was shrapnel going ping, ping, ping."[79]
Kesnick thought it would be the last day of his life. "Hey, Ted," he called. "How do you pray?" "I said, 'Pray? Willie, just keep that bucket on your head,'" Guzda remembered.[51]
"He (Sam Raup) said there were bullet holes all around him, and he was amazed he didn't get hit..."[5]
"The resistance to the landing was heavy. The beach was not secured till 2:30 in the afternoon...we lost over 3,000... then finally our planes did the job. I couldn’t count the number (of) planes that went over. We couldn’t sleep. All hell had broken loose. Once the beach was secure we made an imitation harbor by sinking the Liberty ships that brought stuff over. When they got the stuff on the beach they made a breakwater. Then they made a harbor, they brought in concrete caissons and stuck them and made harbor.[79]
They picked up a lot of bodies, Guzda remembered. "Later we had to sink most of them," he said. "We took off whatever identification they had, put weights on them and sank them. There was nothing else we could do."[51]
We were such a small ship, the 88s that were shooting were shooting over us. The barrels of the guns could not reach down. Finally by nighttime it was over, then we had to deal with Luftwaffe. They would shoot flares to see the whole fleet. It looked like daytime out. The flares would hang in the air like chandeliers."[79]
One PC got hit and sank from a beach shell. We lost our anchors and had to get one from one of the beached ships..."[79]
"The Germans used to have these one-man subs and we caught one but didn’t take it aboard, we turned it over to an English ship."[79]
"Normandy was hell, we didn’t expect to come back when we went in...we were under tons of fire night and day, mines, aerial bombs...guns..."[79]
Lieutenant Moll's (Executive Officer, later Commander of PC-552) D-Day observations edit
"…it was quite a sight to see the task force gathering in the blue-grey channel mist, grouping from various ports, and destined to control one of the beaches on D-Day……….
The sea was a bit roughish for the first tank wave; it pounded as it got up to us. In the meantime Jerry started banging away and I could see the orange balls of flame from the guns on shore. Being first in, naturally some stuff came our way. (Lt. Moll’s boat, the subchaser PC-552, was one of the first boats to land on invasion day, even sweeping in before the mine sweepers had cleared the way for the attacking forces.) First two short, then one right over us. Figured he had us but a destroyer had seen enough to locate and let him have salvo after salvo. Everybody and his brother was firing - cruisers, battleships, destroyers, gunboats, planes - what a holocaust! In the meantime, we had drowning men all around us so were maneuvering to avoid the fire and pick up those poor devils.
Our beach was the toughest, of all. Mortars were bursting all over the boys. Finally got our boys on the beach and things improved. The Germans had tunnels all over the place and our boys ran them from one end to the other with flame throwers. Snipers went up like celluloid combs. Saw one destroyer knock a German tank end over end…….
Funny thing about this war business. You are so busy and so much is happening and everyone is so tense, you do things you never imagine you could do. Somehow it seems that you are not in it and all this is happening to someone else."[80]
Explanation edit
"First two short, then one right over us." This means that the enemy artillery had bracketed PC-552. Once bracketed, the next artillery order would be to fire for effect; PC-552 was in minutes of sharing the same fate as PC-1261: sunk by artillery fire with significant loss of life. Lieutenant Moll certainly knew this and most the crew probably knew this.
Official report of the tank deployment disaster edit
Report from Lieutenant Pierce about the tank deployment disaster edit
"From: Commanding Officer USS PC-552. (OMAHA BEACH)
At approximately this same time the sixteen DD tanks forming the first wave for Fox Green Beach were seen approaching the line of departure after having been launched from the LCTs 549 - 602 - 592 - & 601 - 3000 yards to seaward of the line of departure. At 0533B the signal for despatching the first wave was hoisted and executed at 0535B, however it was noted that the DD tanks were maneuvering with great difficulty and in the area of the line of departure first one and then finally all of the DD tanks were seen to founder. It appeared as though the canvas frame work around the top of the tanks buckled due to wave action and by the time the tanks had reached the area of the line of departure so much water had been taken aboard that buoyancy was lost. The entire area 200 yards to shoreward and 300 yards to seaward was filled with survivors, some in inflated life rafts, others with life jackets only. At this time the wind was from the west force 3, with a short choppy sea dad (sic) with a current setting easterly at about 2 knots. At 0542B the ship was maneuvered into various positions to try to pick up those survivors who had been unable to get into life rafts and between 0542B."[81]
PC-552, while under heavy fire, raced to pick up survivors. Because of the frigid water, some of the soldiers became too weak to hold on to lines tossed to them. Consequently, some of the sailors from PC-552 went over the side of the ship to pull the men up. Some of the soldiers required prolonged artificial respiration.[82]
Report from Lieutenant Moll about individual members of the PC-552 who worked on the tank disaster edit
Lieutenant Moll cited individual works of note as follows:
Sullivan, Lawrence Ferrel, CBM(AA)
For organizing and directing rescue of survivors.[82]
Vendetti, Patrick, MoMM3c
Dooley, Arthur David, RdM3c
Sullivan,Lawrence Ferrel, CBM(AA)
Watts, Richard Albert, MoMM2c
Johnson, Kiernan Patrick, S2c
For the manner in which they went over the ship's side to assist men in being removed from the sea.[82]
Dooley, Arthur David, RdM3c
Robinson, Raymond Leo, SoM1c
Sheppard, Glen Calvin, SoM1c
Williams, Thomas Jefferson, SC1c
Woolever, Francis John, SK2c
For their attention and assistance in caring for the men brought aboard.[82]
Hill, William Robert, PhM1c
For taking charge of men and directing first aid as needed.[82]
PC-552 Trip Home After the War edit
Summary of 1945 after VE (Victory in Europe) edit
The ship went back across the Atlantic June 1945 after being away eighteen months, saluting fallen comrades at Normandy on the way. The ship was actually assigned to the Pacific Fleet, in anticipation of redeployment to the war in the Pacific. Most people expected the war with Japan to continue into 1946 or 1947 (no one knew about the atom bomb) and the ship went through an extensive overhaul prior to joining the Pacific Fleet. Finally, the war with Japan ended prior to the competition of the overhaul; the ship relaxed and was opened to the public for Navy Day.
The voyage back home began edit
01 Jun – Jun 5 1945: Departed Cherbourg, France and arrived and moored at Le Havre, France.[83]
The fallen at Omaha and Utah were honored edit
06 Jun 1945: Left in formation with U.S.S. Borum (DE 790), U.S.S. Maloy (DE 791) and U.S.S. PC’s 484, 553, 564, 567, 617, 618, 1225, 1232, 1233, 1252, 1262, and 1263. At 949B off Omaha Beach fired three round salute from 3" 50 Cal., commemorating the first allied assault on the Normandy beaches. Fired a similar salute at 1103B off Utah Beach. At 1230B, departed for the Azores.[83]
"Although the war was still in full force on the other side of the world, the voyage to the U.S. was much like a pleasure cruise, using running lights, being able to smoke on open decks, and even being favored by a calm sea and fair winds."[17] (Ship's History).
Voyage home was resumed edit
07 Jun 1945: Continued steaming for the Azores in formation.
08 Jun 1945: Continued in formation, turned back clocks to Zone Z time.
09 Jun 1945: Continued on course.
10 Jun 1945: Continued on course. Switched to Zone N time.
11 Jun 1945: Sighted Ribeirinha Light on Fayal Island, Azores. Final berth at Horta, Fayal Island, Azores at 1630.
12 Jun 1945: Left Horta in same formation en route for the Bermuda Islands.
13-14 Jun 1945: Continued steaming for home in formation.
15 Jun 1945: Continued steaming as before. Switched clocks to Zone P time.
16 Jun 1945: U.S.S. Borum and U.S.S. Maloy left convoy bound for New York at 2125B. PC-552 and remainder continued on in formation for Bermuda.
17 Jun 1945: Sighted Mount Hill Light on St. David’s Island, Bermuda. Entered channel and moored for the evening.
18 Jun 1945: Departed at 0800P but at 0810P port main engine broke down. Returned to Bermuda for repairs. Remainder of convoy left without PC-552.
19 Jun 1945: Left en route for Key West, Florida at 0830P. That evening, turned back clock to Zone Q time.
20 Jun 1945: Continued steaming for home alone.[83] On this day, probably not known to the crew, the ship was assigned to the Pacific Fleet as part of Service Squadron ("ServRon") Two.[14]
Entered home waters edit
21 Jun 1945: At 1210Q made radar contact with Abasco Pt., Bahama Islands. Entered Providence Channel and at 2130Q left Providence Channel and entered Straits of Florida.
22 Jun 1945: At 1126Q, sighted Sand Key lighthouse and at 1145Q entered Key West Ship Channel. Moored at Pier 1, U.S.N.O.B, Key West, Florida at 1230.[84] The top song for June 1945 was "Sentimental Journey" by Les Brown and His Orchestra.
23 Jun-30 Jun 1945: Began work on ship for assigned industrial availability. Reported to ComServLant by speedletter on arrival for duty as directed. There and back again.[83]
25 June 1945: Unloaded all munitions.[84]
Waiting for Japan edit
9 July 1945: Cast off for Charleston, South Carolina via Route "Easy" accompanied by PC-553 and PC-1225.[85]
11 July 1945: Arrived at and berthed at Charleston, South Carolina. Nothing else done remainder of month. Remained docked.[85] After eighteen months overseas, the ship underwent a complete overhaul in preparation for the war in the Pacific against Japan.[17]
Aug 1945: Remained docked the entire month next to PC-553.[86] Japan's surrender was announced 15 Aug 1945 before the ship completed its overhaul.[17]
September 1945: Remained docked the entire month. Accidentally was rammed by PC-553 as ship was being transferred to another berth in same port. Minor damage.[87] This month, now that the war with Japan was over, the ship was transferred to the Atlantic force (ACTIVE Lant), ACTIVE in this case as opposed to reserve duty.[14]
21 October 1945: Cast off for Stamford, CT.[88]
24 October 1945: Arrived at Stamford, CT. Docked at end of East Meadows Street.[88]
edit
Navy Day was a day observed in the United States from 1922 to 1949. It is no longer officially observed. The Navy Day for 1945 was a huge victory lap for the U.S. Navy, with President Truman addressing the fleet assembled in New York and other Navy ships around the world participating.
The USS PC-552 participated in Navy Day at Stamford, CT., the hometown of Bill Kesnick and Ted Guzda, sailors who served on the USS PC-552 at the Battle of Normandy.
28 October 1945: Opened for public inspection 1030-1130 and 1330-1700.[88]
29 October 1945: Open for inspection as part of Navy Day celebration.[88] The ship was open for inspection for Navy day for a period five days. About 10,000 interested people boarded her during that period.[17]
edit
The fleet, on V-J Day (Victory in Japan Day), consisted of 1200 warships, more than 50,000 supporting and landing craft, and over 40,000 navy planes. By that day, ours was a sea power never before equaled in the history of the world. There were great carrier task forces capable of tracking down and sinking the enemy's fleets, beating down his air power, and pouring destruction on his war-making industries. There were submarines which roamed the seas, invading the enemy's own ports, and destroying his shipping in all the oceans. There were amphibious forces capable of landing soldiers on beaches from Normandy to the Philippines. There were great battleships and cruisers which swept the enemy ships from the seas and bombarded his shore defense almost at will.
Back to Tompkinsville and military exercises edit
30 October 1945: Cast off all lines and made way. Arrived at Tompkinsville and moored. Nothing more remainder of October.[88] The ship was back again operating in those same waters in which she had begun just three years before.[17]
7 November 1945: Cast off and arrived at New London, CT.[89]
8 November 1946: Reported SubLant (Submarine Force Atlantic) for training with submarines returning from the Pacific war.[14]
27 November 1945: Cast off for deployment. Ran maneuvers with the USS Tigrone and the USS Finback. Returned to berth.[89]
28 November 1945: Cast off all lines for sea details.[89]
29 November 1945: Moored at New London, CT. Arrived at Electric Boat Co. Victory Yard 30 Nov at Groton, CT.[89]
15 December 1945: Various training cruises. Wound up at New London, CT.[90]
1946 edit
Summary of 1946 edit
By now, the writing was on the wall. The PC-552 marked time until the government decided what to do with it. Sailors left the ship as they were honorably discharged and not replaced. When the ship made its final voyage, it was under-crewed by a third. The ship was decommissioned April, 1946. At this time, no one knows its final fate. There was a huge push to convert the U.S. economy from a war basis to a peace time basis. People were flush with money but could not buy anything and people wanted houses and cars. Many patrol craft were immediately scrapped and the steel entered the peace time economy.
January 1946: Training exercise.[91]
February 1946: Minor training exercises. Berthed at Newport, RI.[92]
March 1946: Minor test runs.[23]
edit
30 March 1946: 1615: Cast off for final voyage as commissioned Navy ship.[23]
1 April 1946; Reported to Com 6 to be decommissioned but not stripped.
2 April 1946: Arrived at Charleston, South Carolina.[93]
4 April 1946: Unloaded all ammunition.[93]
New commanding officer edit
8 April 1946: 0810: "Lt (jg) Robert E. Gleason, DE USNR 340441 relieved Lieut. James S. Spielman as Commanding Officer of PC 552. BuPers dispatch 221640 dated March 1946."[93]
18 April 1946: 0900: Decommissioning Party came aboard under Lt (jg) Wells, USNR, to make final inspection. Condition of ship found to be satisfactory. 1100: Underway to anchorage in Wando River, Charleston, S.C. with 2 tugs towing ship.[93]
Ship decommissioned. That was that edit
The last signature of the last Commanding Officer of the USS PC-552. This is the signature which decommissioned the ship.
Source: Deck Log April 1946
18 April 1946: 1650: Arrived at upper end of anchorage in Wando River and moored alongside USS PC 1214. 1700: Completed mooring with steel cables and proceeded to let out port and starboard anchor. Anchors put out downstream with 30 fathoms of chain out. 1705: Lt. (jg) R.E. GLEASON, USNR, Commanding Officer, placed the ship out of commission in accordance with Com 6 letter of 18 April 1946: Serial PC/A4-1/NB.[93]
17 May 1946: Deemed "(n)ot essential to defense of US. Auth. granted by SecNav to dispose of vessel, CNO ltr (letter) ser. (serial number) 3069P414 of 17 May 1946."[14]
5 June 1946: Stricken from Navy register.[14]
5 December 1946: Delivered to U.S. Maritime Commission Port Representative at Charleston, South Carolina, "for disposal per Base 6ND letter" dated 05 Dec 1946.[14]
The End of PC-552 edit
The USS PC-552 was decommissioned 18 Apr 1946, stricken from the books 5 June 1946, and sold to the Maritime Commission, the predecessor to the Maritime Administration (MARAD) 6 December 1946.[1] No record has been found as to her ultimate destiny. The Maritime Administration has no record of ever receiving the ship. There is no record of her being sold or transferred to a foreign country as so many of the PCs were. There is no record of her being sold to private hands. The Maritime Administration did not keep records of what happened to these ships after they were sold, for those which were sold. Many were cut up for scrap and that, unfortunately, was probably her fate. Research continues.
References edit
- ^ a b Stillwell, ed. by Paul (1994). Assault on Normandy : first person accounts from the sea services (1. print. ed.). Annapolis, Md.: Naval Inst. Press. p. 64. ISBN 9781557507815.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help);|first1=has generic name (help) - ^ a b c Guzda, Kesnick. "The Stamford Historical Society Presents". http://www.stamfordhistory.org/ww2_kesnickguzda.htm. The Stamford Historical Society.
{{cite web}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); External link in|website=|url=(help) Cite error: The named reference "PC-522" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ Williams, Greg H. (2013). World War II U.S. Navy vessels in private hands : the boats and ships sold and registered for commercial and recreational purposes under the American flag. McFarland & Co., Inc. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-7864-6645-0.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ a b Miller, Barbara. "Harrisburg-area veteran Sam Raup recalls D-Day duties on patrol craft off Normandy coast". http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2014/06/veteran_sam_raup_recalls_d-day.html. Penn State Live.
{{cite web}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); External link in|website=|url=(help) - ^ Veigele, Wm. J. (1998). PC patrol craft of World War II : a history of the ships and their crews (1st ed. ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: Astral Publ. p. 36. ISBN 0-9645867-1-1.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ Veigele, Wm. J. (1998). PC Patrol Craft of World War II : a history of the ships and their crews (1st ed. ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: Astral Publ. p. 37. ISBN 0-96-45867-1-1.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ Veigele, Wm. J. (1998). PC Patrol Craft of World War II a history of the ships and their crews (1st ed. ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: Astral Publ. ISBN 0-9645867-1-1.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ a b c d e f g Veigele, Wm. J. (1998). PC Patrol Craft of World War II : a history of the ships and their crews (1st ed. ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: Astral Publ. p. 192. ISBN 0-9645867-1-1.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ Poirier, USN, Commander Michel (20 Oct 1999). Results of the German and American Submarine Campaigns of World War II (1st ed.). Chief of Naval Operations-Submarine Warfare Division.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Naval Intelligence Division, N.I.D 08408/43 (December 1943). C.B.04051 (90) "U 470" "U 533" Interrogation of Survivors (Property of His Majesty's Government ed.). Admiralty, S.W.I.(UK).
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Veigele, Wm. J. (1998). PC Patrol Craft of World War II : a history of the ships and their crews (1st ed. ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: Astral Publ. p. 157. ISBN 0-9645867-1-1.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help);|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k U.S. Navy (1942). "PC-552 II Card".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d "2,000 See Launching of Submarine Chaser". Brooklyn Eagle. February 14, 1942.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ "Albert Bradley Moll". http://records.ancestry.com/albert_bradley_moll_records.ashx?pid=146082427. Ancestry.com.
{{cite web}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); External link in|website=|url=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Spielman, James S. (23 March 1946). "USS PC-552 Ship's History".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c Various (July 1942). "Deck Log Book-USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i Various (November 1942). "Deck Log of USS PC 552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) Cite error: The named reference "Deck Log November 1942" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ a b c d e f g Various (October 1943). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Various (August 1944). "Deck Log of the USS PC 552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "War Diary - USS PC-552" (January 1945). 3 February 1945.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c Various (March 1946). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Veigele, Wm. J. (1998). PC Patrol Craft of World War II : a history of the ships and their crews (1st ed. ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: Astral Publ. p. 277. ISBN 0-9645867-1-1.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ Various (18 April 1946). "Muster Roll of the Crew of the U.S.S. PC552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Various (30 July 1942). "Muster Roll of the Crew of the U.S.S. PC 552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Veigele, Wm. J. (1998). PC Patrol Craft of World War II : a history of the ships and their crews (1st ed. ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: Astral Publ. p. 358. ISBN 0-9645867-1-1.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ a b c Various (August 1942). "Deck Log Book-USS PC 552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g Various (September 1942). "Deck Log USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Domenech, Dr. Ligia T. (2014). Imprisoned in the Caribbean: The 1942 German U-Boat Blockade. iUniverse. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-4917-5269-2.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g Various (October 1942). "Deck Log USS PC 552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Various (December 1942). "Deck Log for USS PC 552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Various (December 1942). "Deck Log Book for USS PC 552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h Various (January 1943). "Deck Log of USS PC 552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d Various (February 1943). "Deck Log of USS PC 552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d Various (March 1943). "Deck Log USS PC 552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i Various (April 1943). "Deck Log of USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d Various (May 1943). "Deck Log for USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d Various (June 1943). "Deck Log for the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f Various (July 1943). "Deck Log of USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h Various (August 1943). "Deck Log of USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d Various (September 1943). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d Various (November 1943). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g Moll, A. Bradley (February 10, 1944). "War Diary-USS PC 552" (Dec. 21, 1943 to Feb. 1, 1944).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ White, Chris. "RFA Berta". http://www.historicalrfa.org/rfa-berta. Historical RFA.
{{cite web}}: External link in|website=|url=(help) - ^ a b Hyde, Gary. "Louis Hyde: Crew Member on PC-1225 During World War II". http://www.historynet.com/louis-hyde-crew-member-on-pc-1225-during-world-war-ii.htm. World War II Magazine.
{{cite web}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); External link in|website=|url=(help) - ^ a b c Various (February 1944). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Moll, A. Bradley (March 6, 1944). "War Diary-USS PC-552" (February 1944).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Moll, A. Bradley (April 7, 1944). "War Diary-USS PC 552" (March 1944).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Various (March 1944). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d Carella, Angela (June 6, 2005). "'They Have the Same Angel.' Buddies Reflect on Surviving D-Day". The Stamford Advocate.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ a b Moll, A. Bradley (May 14, 1944). "War Diary 1 April 1944 to 30 April 1944" (April 1944).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Various (April 1944). "Deck Log of the USS PC 552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c Moll, A. Bradley (1 June 1944). "War Diary-USS PC 552" (May 1944).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Moll, A. Bradley (1 August 1944). "War Diary-USS PC 552" (June 1944).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Naval Commander, Western Task Force (27 May 1944). "Coming Events".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Veigele, Wm. J. (1998). PC Patrol Craft of World War II : a history of the ships and their crews (1st ed. ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: Astral Publ. p. 182. ISBN 0-9645867-1-1.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ Veigele, Wm. J. (1998). PC Patrol Craft of World War II : a history of the ships and their crews (1st ed. ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: Astral Publ. p. 184. ISBN 0-9645867-1-1.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ Kershaw, Robert J. (1994). D-day : Piercing the Atlantic wall. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. p. 119. ISBN 1-55750-151-3.
- ^ Turnbull, Grant (10 December 2013). "In pictures: The wrecks of D-Day, 70 years on". NRI Digital.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ a b c d e Various (June 1944). "Deck Log of USS PC 552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Moll, A. Bradley (1 August 1944). "War Diary-USS CP 552" (July 1944).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Various (July 1944). "Deck Log of USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d Moll, A. Bradley (1 September 1944). "War Diary-USS PC 552" (August 1944).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Moll, A. Bradley (9 November 1944). "War Diary-USS PC 552" (September 1944).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Moll, A. Bradley (9 November 1944). "War Diary-USS PC 552" (October 1944).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Various (November 1944). "Deck Log of the USS PC 552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Moll, A. Bradley (3 December 1944). "War Diary-USS PC 552" (November 1944).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d Moll, A. Bradley (13 January 1945). "War Diary-USS PC 552" (Deember 1944).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Various (December 1944). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Various (January 1945). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Spielman, James A. (1 February 1945). "War Diary-USS PC 552" (January 1945).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c Spielman, James A. (2 March 1945). "War Diary=USS PC 552" (February 1945).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Spielman, James S. (9 February 1945). "Report of Night Action 6-7 February 1945".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Spielman, James A. (6 April 1945). "War Diary-USS PC 552" (March 1945).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Spielman, James A. (5 May 1945). "War Diary-USS PC 552" (April 1945).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Spielman, James (5 May 1945). "War Diary" (14 April 1945).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Spielman, James (29 June 1945). "War Diary-USS PC 552" (May 1945).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i Guzda, Kesnick, Ted, William. "The Stamford Historical Society Presents". http://www.stamfordhistory.org/ww2_kesnickguzda.htm. The Stamford Historical Society.
{{cite web}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); External link in|website=|url=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Invasion of France Described in Words from Bradley Moll-Dixon Lieutenant Was Among First to Land on Blazing Beach". Dixon Evening Telegraph. August 19, 1944.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Cooke, Jr., C. M. (21 October 1944). Amphibious Operations Invasion of Northern France Western Task Force (1st ed.). COMINCH P-006. pp. 4–26–27.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ a b c d e Moll, A. Bradley (23 June 1944). "After Battle Report".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d Spielman, James (July 4, 1945). "War Diary-USS PC-552" (June 01–30, 1945).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Various (June 1945). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Various (July 1945). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Various (August 1945). "Deck Log of the USSPC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Various (September 1945). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e Various (October 1945). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d Various (November 1945). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Various (December 1945). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Various (January 1946). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Various (February 1946). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e Various (April 1946). "Deck Log of the USS PC-552".
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
Further reading and other resources edit
- Admiralty, S.W.I.(UK) Naval Intellidence Division, N.I.D 08408/43 (December 1943). C.B.04051 (90) "U 470" "U 533" Interrogation of Survivors (Property of His Majesty's Government).
- Bay County Historical Society Museum-PCSA Collection (http://www.bchsmuseum.org/id29.html)
- Bureau of Naval Personnel, Naval Orientation, NAVPERS 16138-A, December, 1948.
- Domenech, Dr. Ligia T., Imprisoned in the Caribbean: The 1942 German U-Boat Blockade: iUniverse. (2014). ISBN 978-1-4917-5270-8
- Fishgold v. Sullivan Drydock & Repair Corporation et al., Legal Information Institute (LII), Cornell University Law School.
- Kershaw, Robert J. D-day : Piercing the Atlantic wall. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. (1994). ISBN 1-55750-151-3.
- Operation Plan No. 2-44 of the Western Task Force, Allied Naval Expeditionary Force. Short Title "Onwest Two", 21 Apr 1944.
- Patrol Craft Sailors Association (www.ww2pcsa.org)
- Porier, Michel Thomas, Commander, USN, Results of the German and American Submarine Campaigns of World War II, Chief of Naval Operations-Submarine Warfare Division, 20 Oct 1999.
- Spielman, James S., U.S.S.PC 552 Ship's History, 23 Mar 1946.
- Stillwell, Paul (editor). Assault on Normandy: First Person Accounts From the Sea Services (1. print. ed.). Annapolis, Md.: Naval Inst. (1994). ISBN 9781557507815.
- Veigele, Wm. J. PC patrol craft of World War II : a History of the Ships and Their Crews (1st ed. ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: Astral Publ. (1998). ISBN 9780964586710.
- Williams, Greg H., World War II US Navy Vessels in Private Hands. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. (2013). ISBN 978-0-7864-6645-0.
In addition, personal conversations were had with former crew members William ("Bill") Kesnick and Roland N. ("Nick") Stine, Jr. (March–April 2015). Communication were also had with surviving family members of deceased crew members.
Category:Ships built in New York (state)
Category:1942 ships
Category:PC-461-class submarine chasers
Category:World War II patrol vessels of the United States
Category:Cold War patrol vessels of the United States