list of Russula & Lactarius species names
edit[ This list contains a description of these mushrooms: (color of spores and fruiting body: edibility whether edible, inedible(not edible or poisonous) and poisonous and when and where found if I can find information on it]
 | Warning do not rely only on the information here for edibility, a good field guide is recomended to be used for making sure of both edibility and identity of the mushroom you have found. |
--Agaric (talk) 22:10, 19 May 2008 (UTC)
Kingdom: Fungi Division: Basidiomycota Class: Agaricomycetes Order: Russulales Family: Russulaceae genus Lactarius & Russula
list of Russula species (371 names)
editKingdom: Fungi Division: Basidiomycota Class: Agaricomycetes Order: Russulales Family: Russulaceae Genus Russula species Russula abietina cap color greenish or brownish Russula acetolens Russula acrifolia edible Russula adulterina Fr Russula adusta edible North America, flesh stains rosy (not black) then slowly brown, spores white Russula aeruginea Cosmopolitan edible under birch and willow spore color pale yellow orange to creamy Russula alachuana (also called R.mariea) edible the purple caped variety of R.mariea Russula albella Russula albida edible found in N. A. associated with deciduous trees, Russula albidula acrid taste Russula albofloccosa Russula albonigra (=R.sordida) mild-acrid said to be edible if thoroughly cooked but there are poisonous relatives, Russula albonigra f. pseudonigricans Russula alnetorum Romagn Russula alpina Moell.& J.Schff Russula alutacea edible Cosmopolitan, taste mild, spore print color ochre yellow, under spruce. Russula amarissima Russula americana inedible found in North America, associated with conifers (larch & spruce), Russula amethystina edible Russula amoena (=Russula mariea) edible mild taste Russula amoena var.citrina edible Found in North Northern America, cap is yellow, stem white, Russula amoena var.violeipes edible cap is either yellow or green, stem is violaceous. Russula amoenicolor edible Russula amoenicolor f. nigrosanguinea Russula amoenolens (=R.sororia) similar to R.cerolens but has partially reticulate spores Russula amygdaloides (kauf) edible found in N. A. Russula anatina edible Russula anomala acrid Russula anthracina edible Russula aosma Russula aquosa (leclair) inedible cosmopolitan, Russula artesiana Russula atrata lookalike of R.albonigra Russula atroglauca Russula atropurpurea inedible found under conifers and oak trees. Spores snow white Russula atropurpurea var.depallens inedible found under conifers and oak trees. Spores snow white Russula atropurpurea var.dissidens inedible found under conifers and oak trees. Russula atrorubens inedible Russula atroviolacea Russula aurantiaca edible Russula aurantiolutea (Kauf) inedible North America, in fall Russula aurata edible good edible mild taste, spores light yellow Russula aurea Russula aurea var.axantha Russula aurora edible rosy white floccules stem, Russula azurea (Bresadola) edible some shade of violet or violet blue, brown, or gray. Russula badia inedible spores light ochre, under conifers in the mountains, spores white-rosy Russula ballouii Russula barlae edible Russula basifurcata Russula bernardii Russula betularum Russula betulina (Burl) edible North America, in fall Russula bicolor Burlingham edible Russula borealis (=Russula laeta?)(Kauf) edible N.A. spruce and larch, July-Aug, mild-sharp, cap skin reacting to sulphovanillin & sulphobenzaldehyde Russula brevipes edible found in North America, in all kinds of woods, edible but not recommended, Russula brevipes var.acrior (schaeff) inedible differs in greenish tinged gills and apex of stem, spores white-cream(A-C) Russula brunneola Found in N.A. edible spores are whitish (A-B), stalk stains salmon or deep salmon in ferrous sulphate, Russula brunneo-violacea Craw. edible.eastern North America, spores pale orange yellow (C-E), taste mild Russula burlinghamiea burlinghamiea f. Claricolor Russula caerulea inedible bitter, acrid and tough, found under pine, spores faded yellow, Russula camarophylla Russula cascadensis inedible under conifers in pacific North West, acrid taste, Russula carminea Kuehn. & Romagn Russula carminipes Russula carpini Russula cartaginis Russula cavipes Russula cerolens with reticulate spores Russula cessans pearson=(laricina Vel) edible Russula chamaeleontina, .edible Cosmopolitan, odourless then the Oder of roses Russula chamaeoleontina.edible Cosmopolitan, odourless then the Oder of roses Russula chamaeleontina var.ocheracea edible always odourless, grows under conifers Russula chamaeleontina var.vitellina edible Oder of vinegar Russula chamitae Russula chloroides edible Russula chloroides var.acrior Russula ciliata Russula citrina (a variety of Russula amoena?) Found in North America Russula citrinochlora Sing Russula clariana. Heim Russula claroflava (= Russula flava).edible.Cosmopolitan, under aspen, birch,& conifers, taste mild, Russula clavipes Russula cochisei Russula coerulea edible Russula compacta edible north eastern North America, stains ochre-brown, spores white(A-B), Oder strong Russula consobrina Russula consobrina var.pectinatoides inedible cosmopolitan Russula corallina Russula crassotunicata.inedible. grows under northern North American conifers. Bitter or acrid taste Russula cremeirubra Russula cremoricolor acrid found in the pacific north west under conifers in North America. Russula crenulata Russula cristata Russula crustosa (PK) edible found in N. A. Russula cuprea Russula curtipes edible North America, spores deep ocher (F-G), Russula cutefracta edible Russula cyanoxantha taste mild, cosmopolitan edible under hardwoods in Europe & North America, stalk not staining in ferrous sulphate Russula cyanoxantha f. Cutefracta Russula cyanoxantha f. Peltereaui Russula cyanoxantha var.variata edible common in northern & eastern North America, often has an acrid taste Russula decipiens Russula decolorans edible cosmopolitan, mild taste, under pine in North America, spores ocherous white Russula delica edible found in Europe, rare in North America, Russula densifolia inedible North America, slightly acrid. Every part turns reddish then blackish, spores white Russula densifolia var.densissima Heim inedible milky white cap, with ochre shades some times, Russula depallens poisonous found in North America, in mixed woods Russula discopus Russula disparilis Russula dissimulans mild Russula dryadicola Russula earlei Russula eccentrica Russula elaeodes edible Russula elatior possibly edible, cosmopolitan Russula elegans .taste mild.edible.New Jersey North America, under Oak in grass, spore color clear yellow (F-G) Russula emetica,inedible spores white, stalk white (stalk of R.sanguinea is rosy-red) acrid, cosmopolitan Russula emetica ssp(subspecies) aquosaK edible cosmopolitan Russula emetica var.alpestris inedible conifers & deciduous, cap pink-cherry red, stalk white pure, cap peels esialy Russula emetica var.betularum inedible Russula emetica var.fragillis inedible Russula emetica var.silvestris inedible flesh les brittle, rosy just under cuticle, acrid, under birch and conifers Russula emeticella (forms fageitcola & pinetorus) Russula etumpens inedible Russula erythropus Russula exalbicans Russula faginea edible Russula farinipes acrid and bitter, spores Russula fastigiata Russula faustiana Russula favrei (=Russula xerempelina?) edible cap greenish-olivaceous, stalk white then brown Russula fellea inedible spores white -cream, acrid-bitter Russula firmula inedible very acrid taste, spores egg-yolk yellow, Russula flava (=R.claroflava) edible found in North America under aspen, birch and various conifers Russula flavida Russula flavisiccans Russula flavispora Russula foetens inedible spores non reticulate, found in Europe Russula font-queri edible Russula fotens var.granulata. (PK). inedible N. A. Russula foetentula=R.subfoetens inedible the North American counterpart of R.foetens Russula fragantissima.spores orange yellow(C-D) inedible found in North America, under hard woods and conifers, spores lack wings Russula fragilis Cosmopolitan inedible North America, under conifers and other trees, acrid taste, spores white(A-B) Russula fragiloides Russula fusca (=fuscointegra=fuscomaculata). edible see R. Integra Russula fusconigra edible switzerlnd Russula galochroa edible Russula gigasperma Russula gilva Russula glauca (Burl) Russula globispora Russula glutinosa Russula gossypina Russula gracilis (=gracillima). acrid taste found under birch and may be Douglas fir, in North America Russula gracillima (=gracilis) acrid taste found under birch (and maybe Douglas fir), in North America, medium ocher spores Russula granulata inedible spores pale orange yellow (D-E) Russula grata (Britz.) Russula graveolens edible when FeSO4 is applied it turns dark green, spores pale ocher (D-E) Russula grisea edible Cosmopolitan, under Oak, black polar & other deciduous trees, mild taste Russula grisea var.ionochlora slightly acrid Russula griseascens Russula grisecens Russula heinemannii Russula helodes Russula herrerea Russula heterophylla edible cap bright, yellow or olive green, cosmopolitan Russula heyerophylla var.glochroa edible cap gray greenish with whitish center Russula heterophylla var.livida edible cap gray green Russula heterophylla var.virginea edible cap white then hazel often with more deeply color in center Russula humidicola Russula illota inedible cap covered with a violaceous veil as long as it remains moist, Russula inamoena Russula insignis Russula incornata Russula integra=R.polychroma=R.fusca edible found in N. A. under conifers, spores yellow-deep ocher (G), taste mild, cosmopolitan Russula ionochlora edible Russula juniperina Russula kromboltzii=atropurperea edible Russula knauthii Russula laccata Russula lacteus Russula laeta (=R.borealis?)(creoavellanea?) edible Russula laricina (=R.cessans), edible Russula lateralipes Russula laurocerasi inedible Cosmopolitan, in damp spots under black poplar, spores have enormous wings, Russula leniginosa Russula lenkunya Russula lepida edible creamy white spores, found under Oak, Beech, and conifers Russula lepida var.amarissima inedible very bitter taste, Russula lepida var.lactea edible parboiling necessary. For this group (R.lepida) Russula leprosa Russula lilacea (Quelet) edible stem has reddish flocci, spores yellowish, Russula lilacipes Russula linnaei inedible stem reddish Russula livescens edible Russula lundelii Russula lutea edible mild taste, spores yellow to slightly ocherous, Russula lutensis edible Russula lutensis var.reducta edible Russula luteotacta Russula maculata unknown Found in Europe, mild to peppery taste, Russula maculosa Found in south eastern North America, Russula magnifica=R.polyphylla (PK) inedible spores white (A-B) Russula mairei Russula marirei var.fageticola Melz Russula mariae=R.amoena edible Found in North America, mild tasting, (R.aluchuana is a purple caped var.) Russula medullata edible Russula melitodes Russula melliolens edible Russula melzeri Russula messapica Russula mexicana (Burl) Russula minutula edible Russula modesta Russula montana Russula mordax Russula murrillii (Burl) Russula mustelina edible under conifers Russula mutabilis inedible hole fungus turns blood red when dried in age, spores cream(A-C) Russula nana Russula nauseosa=R.venosa var.nauseosa edible cosmopolitan Russula nauseosa var.laricina edible mild taste, found under larch Russula nigricans.found in northern North America inedible flavour mild but gills are slightly acrid, flesh stains red then blackish, spores white Russula nigricans var.adusta (Barbier) Russula nitida=venosa possibly edible Russula nobilis Russula norvegica Russula obscura=R.vinosa edible North America, mild to hot taste, flesh stains pinkish or greyish then black. Russula obtecta. (sing) inedible occidentalis (Sing) spores cream (B) edible stalk &flesh white stain reddish then gray (or directly gray) when bruised. ochricompacta Russula ochroleuca inedible acrid taste, flesh may gray quickly but said to be white, spores whitish ochroleuca var.citrina inedible cap yellow, flesh immediately under cuticle is yellow, ochroleucoides oderata unknown western North America, spores deep ocher (G-H), olivacea edible cosmopolitan, in old- growth Douglas fir and hemlock. Europe & North A. olivacens edible olivaceoviolascens unknown north western North America, taste hot, Spores cream (B-C) ornaticeps Russula pallidospora=pseudodelica edible paludosa(=integra Fr)? edible Cosmopolitan, occurring in mixed woods, earliest russula in the north parazurea (white spores) edible Cosmopolitan, associated with poplar or other deciduous trees, parvovirescens pasca patouillardii peckii edible found in N. A. associated with spruce in mixed woods, bogs pectinata edible Found in Europe, spores deep cream, said to be inedible, not very acrid, pectinatoides cosmopolitan inedible found in North America, not very or only slightly acrid, not recommended for food pelargonia (serotina Quel) acrid taste, spores are creamy colored, perlactea persanguinea persicina placita edible Found in North America, under conifer trees, taste mild. polychroma=R.integra(see R.fusca) edible Found in North America, taste mild, not staining, under conifers polycystis inedible spores cream (B-C), North America, uncommon polyphylla=R.magnifica (PK) inedible taste strong, spores white (A-B) postiana pseudoaffinis pseudocarmesina pseudodelica edible similar to R.delica, but with rosy or yellowish gills, pseudointegra edible pseudolepida pseudorosea edible puellaris edible pale creamy yellow color spores, flavour mild puellula puiggarii pulchella pulchra pumila Rouzeau & Massart punctata (Krombholtz) edible under conifers, cap violaceous purpurata purpureoflava purpurina (Schulz) edible found in N. A. pursicina pursicina var.intactior pusilla pulverulenta Russula queletii inedible acrid, found under pine in the plains, spores are cream colored quercilicis quercophila Russula raoultii inedible cosmopolitan,(R. ochroleuca var.raoultii) (R.fragilis var.raoultii) redolens renidens rhodopoda rhodopus risigallina romagnesiana Found in eastern North America, rare, romellii=(alutacea)? edible rosacea edible rosea edible roseicolor roseipes edible cosmopolitan roseoaurantia ruberrima rubescens rubra rubroalba edible rubrocarminea Romagn rubrotincta possibly edible, cosmopolitan rugulsa rutila Russula sanguinea cosmopolitan inedible found in eastern North America under conifers and hardwoods, sanguinea var.exalbicans inedible cap violet red or rosy then rapidly to cinereous-whitish, flesh cinereous sanguinea var.pseudorosacea inedible gills and flesh become yellow when bruised, spores pale ocherous sardonia inedible acrid, spores pallid ocherous. Under pine in the plains seperina sericatula edible sericeonitens edible found in N. A. silvicola inedible found in N. A. simillima simulans smaragdina (innocua Sing.?) edible a dwarf form of aeruginea also edible solaris inedible sordida=R.albonigra inedible Found in North America sororia inedible Found in North America, mild (acrid taste some times) sphagnophila (Kauff) edible cosmopolitan spqualida (Pk) edible cosmopolitan staminea subalbidula acrid taste see R. anomala (a similar species) subazurea subcompacta Britz subdepellans (PK) edible North America subfoetens=R.foetentula inedible flesh pale straw colour turning yellow when cut, and turning bright golden in KOH sybfoetens var.grata subfragilis (Burl) inedible subfragiliformis sublevispora Russula subnigricans, poisonous found in North America subrubens subtilis subusta Russula tinctipes tenuiceps inedible Found in eastern North America, terenopus torulosa inedible under pine transiens truncigena Britz (raoultii Quel) turci edible found under fir and pine, spores light ochre-deep yellow orange (G) tyrrhenica Russula uncialis edible found in N. A. urens R.variata=cyanoxantha var.variata edible often acrid taste, common in northern & eastern North America variegatula edible velenovskyi edible Cosmopolitan, associated with spruce, mild velutipes venosa (ssp(subspecies) R.nauseosa) edible grows in mountains under conifers venternosa inedible cosmopolitan ventricolor ventricosipes Found in North America under northern conifers veridofusca versicolor edible North America, spores medium yellow (E-F), Russula vesca (Fr) mild taste edible spores are whitish, stalk stains salmon or deep salmon in ferrous sulphate, veternosa eastern North America, taste acrid vinacea Russula vinosa edible vinosobrunnea (Bres) edible western North America, spores deep clear ocher (F-G), Russula violacea inedible, acrid ,spores cream, under conifers violaceoincarnata violeipes Russula virescens edible North America, under hardwoods, (Birch). Flesh white then reddish-pink. viscida edible flesh white then brownish, slightly acrid, in mountains under conifers Russula xantho Russula xerampelina edible Cosmopolitan, found in North America, associated with spruce. xerampelina var.erythropus edible cap blood red center almost black, stalk pink or reddish rosy, xerampelina var.fusca cap brown or violaceous brown, darker in center, stalk white xerampelina var.olivascens edible cap olivaceous-yellow darker in the center, stem white Russula zelleri edible North America, rare, spores pale ocher (D-F), taste mild zonaria zonatula zvarae var.pusilla
() around names example (peckii) are only to seperate them from the russula(latin)name in this case. inedible=not edible and not poisonous, N.A.( = North America) means it is found in North America
Lactarius Species names (Milk Caps)
editKingdom: Fungi Division: Basidiomycota Class: Agaricomycetes Order: Russulales Family: Russulaceae Genus Russula Species acerrimus inedible very acrid acris aerumbonatus inedible different then L.rufus only for its cap without umbo, edible if salded or pickleled affinis Pk inedible N.A. Taste slowly sharp, latex white unchanging, alpinua Pk inedible N.A. aquifluus Pk inedible N.A. aspideus Burl inedible N.A. Flesh and latex turn instantly violet or blue when in contact with air, mild-bitter acrid atroviridis Pk inedible N.A. aurantiacus edible N.A. azonites Fr inedible cosmopolitan badiosanguineus inedible blennius inedible mild-acrid, latex white, spores greenish white, bresadolianus brevis brevipes brunneohepticus camphoratus (Bull) Fr edible cosmopolitan, unchanging latex chelidonius Pk (L.chelidonioides Smith) edible found in N. A. chrysorheus Fr inedible cosmopolitan, spores creamy white, acrid cilicioides Fr inedible cosmopolitan cinereus Pk inedible N.A. circellatus Fr inedible cosmopolitan citriolens colorascens Pk inedible cosmopolitan Lactarius controversus, edible, spores white, acrid, latex white & acrid, said to be inedible corrugis Pk cremor Fr cyathula deceptivus Pk inedible N.A. decipiens edible latex acrid changing to yellow Lactarius deliciosus (Fr) edible cosmopolitan, spores white to cream, flesh acrid, latex mild, deliciosus var.japonicus edible pale orange, with out green spots deliciosus var.picei deliciosus var.piceus deliciosus var.salmonicolor edible does not become green, flesh mild flavoured deterrimus edible dryadophilus duplicatus Smith inedible N.A. evosmus fascinans flavidus Boud flexuosus Fr fluens foetidus Pk fraxineus Romagn fuliginosus Fr inedible fuliginosus var.pterospora inedible cap paler, rugose, gills closer & more colored, spores ocher, white-rosy fulvissimus fumosus inedible latex not changing fuscus Roll inedible gerardii Pk inedible N.A. glaucescens edible glutinopallens glyciosmus Fr inedible cosmopolitan griseus Pk inedible cosmopolitan hatsudake grows in Japan hemicyaneus mild, cap & latex blue hepaticus inedible helvus Fr inedible hibbardae Pk inedible N.A. hygrophoroides edible N.A. hysginus Fr inedible cosmopolitan ichoratus Batsch impolitus inedible acrid, latex white indigo (Schw) edible N.A. insulsus (Fr) inedible cosmopolitan isabellinus Pk inedible cosmopolitan lactiflua lacunarum Romagn lapponicus Harm lepidotus Smith & Hesler lignyotus (Fr) edible* cosmopolitan lilacinus (Lasch) Fr luteolus Pk edible N.A. luteus Blytt maculatus Pk inedible N.A. mairei mammosus Fr minusculus Burl N.A. mitissimus Fries edible spores cream mucidus Burl inedible N.A. musteus nanus necator nigroviolacens Atk nitidus Burl inedible N.A. obscuratus Fr oculatus (Pk) inedible N.A. omphaliformis pallidus inedible slightly acrid, latex whitish rather abundant, spores cream, paludinellus Pk N.A. parvus Pk pergamenus edible* picinus piperatus(Fr) inedible cosmopolitan, spores white, slightly acrid plinthogalus Burl plumbeus inedible latex white very acrid, spores cream, porninsis edible* pseudovidus pterosporus pubescens edible* almost white cap some times pusillus Bres pyrogalus Fr edible* cosmopolitan quieticolor quietus Fr repraesentaneus Britz inedible cosmopolitan, resimus Fr edible* cosmopolitan rimosellus Pk N.A. rubocinctus Fr rufus (Scop.) Fr edible* cosmopolitan, see L.aerumbonatus, latex unchanging, edible if salted or pickeled, rugatus edible similar to L.volemus but smaller and cap rugose, ruginosus rusticana salmonicolor edible salicis-herbaceae Kuhn sanguifluus edible pale ocher spores, acrid scrobiculatus Fr edible* cosmopolitan, spores creamy white, acrid, latex white turning sulphur yellow, semisanguifluus edible serifluus edible sordidus sphagneti (Fr) spinulosus Quel subcircellatus subdulcis (Fr) edible mild subpurpureus edible N.A. sutormiosus edible edible if salted or pickeled, tabidus Quel edible terenopus theiogalus (Bull) Fr edible* cosmopolitan thyinos Smith edible N.A. tithmalinus Fr torminosus Fr edible* cosmopolitan, poisonous raw may be edible cooked, pickled, or salted trivialis (Fr) edible* cosmopolitan, latex very acrid white, turpis (Wein) inedible cosmopolitan uvidus (Fr) edible* cosmopolitan, spores white or cream, see L.violascens similar, latex milky changes to purplish vellereus Fr edible* cosmopolitan vellereus var.bertillonii inedible spores white, acrid, velutinus inedible vietus (Fr) inedible cosmopolitan, very acrid latex scarce white-gray green when dry violascens edible* similar to L.uvidus but cap becomes darker not viscid, with zones, only slightly acrid, villosus inedible acrid, latex white volemus Fr edible mild, spores white, parboil before eating, volemus var.oedematopus edible similar and browner, xanthogalactus Pk zonarioides zonarius inedible acrid, latex white
It is best not eat any lactarius that has latex that turns yellow but some others that change color or stay white are edible at least after pickeling or salting this also works for acrid or hot tasting ones. do not rely an this list for edibility (whithout checking a relieble source)
- edible if properly prepared i.e. Parboiled, salted or pickeled
see also
editRussula Lactarius Russulaceae Mushroom Mushroom_poisoning Russula news http://www.mtsn.tn.it/russulales-news
rogers mushrooms [1]
salted mushrooms, how to preserve milk caps [2]