Talk:Biosafety level/Archive 1

Archive 1

Consistency

Terminology is inconsistent and as a result it is unclear if "BSL4", "P4" and "L4" and different names for the same thing or not. Please: a) use one name to indicate "BSL4" or b) indicate the meaning of "P4" and "L4" and the differences when compared to "BSL4"

Please remember to sign your comments with four tildes (~~~~). BSL4, P4, and L4 are used synonymously; the primary difference is the context it is used in. The United States prefers to use BSL (Biosafety Level), however France and several other European speaking countries prefer P4: Protection (or pathogen) four. A terminology section would be helpful, although it would be a bit of a challenge to cite since few sources would discuss this small inconsistency. ChyranandChloe (talk) 22:50, 7 December 2008 (UTC)

List of Biosafety Laboratories / Zoonotic disease reference laboratories / Human & Environmental health surveillance

Have you considered the Microbiology Department of the University of Hong Kong and the work of Peiris, Guan, Chen et al. on RNA viruses to promote human and environmental health, their biosafety level, and impact of their work on the understanding of zoonotic disease outbreaks or the standard of journals where their publications have been accepted, to add to your lists? 06:38, 6 December 2008 (UTC)

Boston's inclusion on the list of existing labs

The list of bsl4 laborotories includes one at boston, however the text states that the lab has not been constructed yet, and is only proposed, therefore i am removing it. :þ clsours ¡Æ! 19:03, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Russian & Chinese L4 Labs?

Are there no Level 4 labs in Russia?

Or even China for that matter? The list seems very incomplete. 134.117.166.74 21:16, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

• VEKTOR institute added.

Added Wuhan Institute of Virology that will host the first BSL-4 facility currently under construction in China, based on French P4 standards. China and France seem to have a long-standing co-operation in level-3 and 4 virus research, as evidenced by the Emerging Viruses programme page on the institute web site. The group is leaded by Shi Zhengli, who's notably recognized for her works on SARS. N00w (talk) 12:35, 26 April 2009 (UTC)

examples?

Could examples of diseases be given for each level? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Crd721 (talk • contribs) 10:19, 19 December 2006 (UTC).

Diseases don't have biosafety levels, they have risk groups. Here are some examples of risk groups.

1. Streptococcus pneumoniae

2. Influenza

3. HIV

4. Ebola

BSL is related to risk group, but there's really no direct correspondence. The BMBL [1] (Ch. 3) gives HIV as an example of a virus suited to BSL-2, even though it's risk group 3. The St. Louis encephalitis virus is also risk group 3, but it's given as an example of something appropriate for BSL-3 instead of BSL-2.

CRGreathouse (t | c) 16:39, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

Institute for Animal Health has a BSL-4 international reference laboratory at Pirbright in Surrey. But haven't put it down because there are, I think, some differences to the BSL-4 spec. for human pathogens, which ought to be qualified. --Aspro 11:59, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

yeah examples would be good. also, some of the grammar is rough. 'level 5' mentions not contaminating the sample itself - but this is something scientist do at levels 1-4 . . . maybe clarification? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.142.223.228 (talk) 17:40, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

Just curious, is influenza A always BSL-2? Surely something like highly pathogenic H5N1 would be treated with more care. cyclosarin (talk) 12:35, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

Italics?

Why is it all in italics? The article is almost painful to read, but i dont know how to change it back to normal 138.253.248.125 09:40, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

List of Biosafety Facilities

The commented out text is dispuated between

The following is a list of notable biosafety facilities, levels 3 and 4 are automatically accepted because of the nature of their work

and

"List of Biosafety level 3 and 4 facilities" IS CORRECT; Since "List of biosafety facilities" (i.e., Levels 1-4) would be thousands of names!

I am defending the first name for the following reasons: the title of this article is "Biosafety level" from which it discusses all four levels of biosafety, the list should not be constrained to simply levels three and levels four—if the facility is notable, it should be listed. Please remember that the article, specifically the hidden comments are not locations to house discussion. ChyranandChloe (talk) 03:39, 13 December 2008 (UTC)

NIH BSL-4

NIH has a BSL-4 lab, but it is not used. Can anyone confirm/deny? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.108.45.71 (talk) 23:52, 15 December 2008 (UTC)

National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease (Canada) Entry

This entry should be removed as the Canadian Food Inspection Agency's National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease as well as the Public Health Agency of Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory are in the same complex.

Canada has only has one BSL-4 laboratory.

It is the CANADIAN SCIENCE CENTRE FOR HUMAN AND ANIMAL HEALTH (CSCHAH) is jointly run by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. It is located in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Biopunk (talk) 07:35, 16 December 2008 (UTC)biopunk

Thank you, the correction has been made. ChyranandChloe (talk) 03:40, 17 December 2008 (UTC)

Popular Culture

Why exactly was this section removed? Waydot (talk) 22:41, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

It was unverified (WP:V), and only reproduced bits from the old Ebola article. It should be incorporated into the History section, describing its impact on society. ChyranandChloe (talk) 22:44, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

Unverified? It said the levels are described in a movie (Outbreak). Verification of the fact can be made by watching the movie. I've seen it, and that's how I was first informed of existence of BSLs.Waydot (talk) 22:49, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

While we're at it, reference to fictional BSL5 labs could be put such section if it were to come back.Waydot (talk) 22:49, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

I've brought it back as it was before. Have fun. ChyranandChloe (talk) 04:41, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

List of labs

I'm not sure how accurate the list of BSL-4 labs is. It does not match up with the list here: http://www.fas.org/programs/bio/research.html. For instance, the lab at Tufts Vet school is listed as a BSL-4, but on the Tufts site, it only mentions BSL-3 and has no mention of BSL-4. I don't have time to go through the list and check all the labs, so for now, I have added the tag.Pseudonym214 (talk) 19:56, 16 November 2010 (UTC)

The facility recently opened up as a BSL3/4 facility. It has no windows, and you need to get through 2 gates to even drive your car into the facility. Currently, there is a BSL-3 lab and the rest of the space is not being used yet. I am not sure if any BSL-4 agents are currently being used, but it could be under wraps. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.64.245.133 (talk) 20:28, 1 December 2010 (UTC)

Labs to Add

• University of Louisville: Center for Predictive Medicine
  • Details: The $34.6-million Center for Predictive Medicine, a Level 3 biosafety lab, is scheduled to open next year on UofL’s Shelby Campus. The 37,000-square-foot facility is one of 13 such labs being built through a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases plan to better protect Americans from biological threats ... For more information, call 502-852-1113.
  • SOURCE: Center for Predictive Medicine > University of Louisville
  • I validate this information as being factual and true --Urda (talk) 17:59, 26 April 2009 (UTC)

The BSL-4 laboratory in Galveston has been up and running since before Hurricane Ike. It was officially dedicated in November after the storm. I'm not a Wiki-editor or I'd update it myself. Thanks! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 166.128.103.100 (talk) 00:24, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

Remove all BSL 3 labs

After reading through this article, and then doing a little bit of Googling, I realized that there are 4 BSL-3 labs within walking distance of my current location, and at least 10 within 30 minutes. I am at UNC-CH. Anyways, point is, the number of BSL-3 labs has skyrocketed at a rate so high that it is no longer relevant to list BSL-3 labs in this article. Such a list would warrant a separate article possibly. Jjesusfreak01 (talk) 21:36, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

What's usually done on Wikipedia is to start a new article titled List of biosafety facilities. Change notability "Level 4 are accepted because of the nature of their work. If the facility is 3 or below, it must be linked to an article elaborating on it", by requiring an article be associated with the entry, it exposes it to WP:N. Does this help? ChyranandChloe (talk) 04:28, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

Well, you are in a university/agricultural town, but I see your point. If done, perhaps list these labs by their public/private funding?biopunk 09:00, 20 July 2009 (UTC)biopunk

I have to agree here, most hospitals dealing with pathology have at least a small level 3 lab for things like TB, a list of all the level 3 labs in the world would run into the many thousands! A more interesting list would be of all the level 4 labs, as these are much rarer.Philman132 (talk) 17:52, 13 April 2010 (UTC)

I would agree - remove the list of BSL 3 labs. I know of several in Montreal, Canada (my home) alone (I work in one). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.230.152.3 (talk) 21:38, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

I have removed those BL-3s with no claim to notability and/or no citation. I, personally, would go further as to remove all BL-3 labs; they are, as mentioned above, commonplace in virology labs. Jebus989^✰ 11:35, 27 December 2010 (UTC)

I disagree with the calls to remove all BSL-3 listings due to their supposed insignificance. To the Wiki-er from UNC-CH, that's near Research Triangle? Of course you'd have so many labs within walking distance. You also have many top notch research universities within walking distance. I second the follow-up post that says you are from a major research university hub and therefore your argument is too anecdotal. However, I would not be opposed to the idea of creating a separate article listing BOTH BSL-3 AND 4 labs in separate tables.

Furthermore, there are only three BSL-3/4 labs in Canada according to a list by the Federation of American Scientists. In fact, even that list is not up-to-date as I have just added one lab from Vietnam (setup in 2006) that does not even appear on it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.173.120.68 (talk) 18:37, 3 January 2011 (UTC)

In 2007 there were 1356 BSL-3 labs registered with the USDA or CDC under the select agent program.[2] This is certainly under-counting them, since they don't have to register if they don't work with select agents, and there are thousands more outside the US. The federal government does not even have proper tracking in place. Certainly BSL 3 labs should be removed; there's no encyclopedic value to listing them and the current list is massively incomplete. --TeaDrinker (talk) 23:24, 15 April 2011 (UTC)

Some info about the Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis (IVI)

It is correct, that there are treated only animal diseases, but some are also dangerous for humans
(rabies, avian flu, porcine flu, etc...), therefore in some experiments suits are worn! Please, somebody with a wiki-account, correct the info. I don't have one, and I don't want to create one just for this.

Regards. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.2.229.23 (talk) 19:02, 12 August 2009 (UTC)

Missing Level 3/4 Facility

On the table, there is an entry to say a Level 4 facility is being built in the United Kingdom, but not where, nor who the owner of the building/land is currently. Most likely to be the DSTL or even QinetiQ, although the latter is highly unlikey. Perhaps a research university such as Oxford, Cambridge, Birmingham or perhaps Imperial College? (unsigned)

Looks like it's fixed now. AFAIK it is now 100% correct relating to the UK however I would expect more at DSTL! --PopUpPirate (talk) 11:25, 3 September 2011 (UTC)

Hendra virus is NOT a BSL-3 pathogen

It is a BSL-4 pathogen. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.111.5.34 (talk) 21:55, 16 December 2010 (UTC)

Private BSL-3 facilities abound

Having worked and consulted in the DC area, RTP, Chicago, and at corporate sites around the eastern half of the US, I don't see any way to reasonably assemble a complete list of BSL-3 facilities. None of the ones I've worked at except USAMRIID are on this list; BSL-3 facilities are simply too common. Many vaccine manufacturing and testing facilities exist that can handle the pathogens requiring BSL-3, and most of them are not publicly advertised. The key point for BSL-3 is that treatment exists; if the treatment is derived from the living pathogen, industry will need this facility. While there isn't a West nile, Anthrax, SARS, or yellow fever testing facility on every corner, they are not uncommon enough to have the scarcity noted.

152.14.43.30 (talk) 16:51, 20 April 2011 (UTC) TWM

Similarly having worked in the UK industry designing such facilities, there are BSL-3 labs everywhere, and many, many are omitted from the list. BSL-4 is a different beast altogether and are much scarcer! --PopUpPirate (talk) 11:24, 3 September 2011 (UTC)

I agree. BSL-3 labs are everywhere and not particularly notable. I added some information from a a 2007 GAO report, showing there were 1356 CDC/USDA registered BSL3 facilities in the US at that time, but only 15 BSL-4. I would recommend that we delete the BSL-3's from the table. Patrikd (talk) 21:18, 9 December 2011 (UTC)

REDACTED

My apologies, I was wrong. Nevermind! Salvidrim (talk) 16:51, 21 August 2011 (UTC)

Laboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic and potentially lethal agents, and are supervised by competent scientists who are experienced in working with these agents. This is considered a neutral or warm zone.

This doesn't make much sense. What's considered a neutral to warm zone? The staff, the workplace, the safety level, the agent? And there is no explanation of what neutral to warm is. If it's referencing the safety level, level three is not going to be neutral, that'd make level 1 minus neutral, somehow. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.149.157.19 (talk) 16:26, 28 December 2011 (UTC)

Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research

Revision 456170207 by 197.255.96.5 (talk) added "Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research" (NMIMR) to the External links section, but without any external link, citation, or indication of biosafety levels. I'm moving it to this talk page until the BSL can be confirmed.

I conducted a research project at the Noguchi Institute, and I can attest that they do operate both BSL-2 and BSL-3 facilities. I can provide photographic evidence if that would help. NicholasBayless (talk) 15:04, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

The institute is in Ghana, is named after Hideyo Noguchi, and apparently has a BSL-2 or BSL-3 laboratory, or both. Some references:

• Addo, Phyllis; Quartey, Maxwell; Abbas, Mona; Adu-Addai, Benjamin; Owusu, Enid; Okang, Ishmael; Dodoo, Alfred; De Souza, Dziedom; Ankrah, Nii-Ayi; Ofori-Adjei, David (2008), [http://www.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-tropical-medicine/volume-4-number-2/in-vitro-susceptibility-of-mycobacterium-ulcerans-to-herbal-preparations.html "In-Vitro Susceptibility of Mycobacterium Ulcerans to Herbal Preparations"], The Internet Journal of Tropical Medicine, 4 (2), ISSN 1540-2681, retrieved 2011-11-20. {{citation}}: Check |url= value (help) Mentions a level 2 biosafety laboratory at NMIMR.
• "Department of Virology". Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research. University of Ghana. Retrieved 2011-11-20. Good laboratory practices are strictly followed and special training provided for staffs who work in a biosafety level 3 (BSL 3) environment with related pathogens.
• Josephine NKETSIA-TABIRI, Ph.D (2003). Report on “The Survey on Programmes for Safe Use of Biotechnology/Biosafety And Existing Status of Biotechnology And Living Modified Organisms (LMOs) in Ghana” (PDF). National Review Workshop on “Surveys on Biotechnology, Biosafety Programmes and Related Legislation in Ghana”. UNEP-GEF, NBC, and BNARI. p. 44. ISBN 9988-8274-5-8. Retrieved 2011-11-20. It is note-worthy that the NMIMR of UG has a level 3 pathogen-free laboratory.

85.23.32.64 (talk) 14:36, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

Missing BSL-3 Site

The Biosecurity Research Institute at Kansas State University in Manhattan Kansas has a BSL-3, ABSL-3 (animal BSL-3), BSL-3E (Enhanced BSL-3) and BSL-3Ag facility. It is located next to where the new BSL-4 facility is being built. It is mentioned in the article on the new facility but not listed as having its own BSL-3. This information was gleaned from a job posting on their website. So I assume it is reasonably accurate. DJBostrom (talk) 18:42, 3 December 2011 (UTC)

Do we actually need the BSL-3 sites at all? The article states that "a total of 1356 CDC/USDA registered BSL-3 facilities were identified throughout the United States", which is clearly too much for a Wikipedia list. Also in Europe there are probably thousands of them. The list will be always incomplete. Should we maybe focus on BSL-4 labs instead? There are only something around 30 of these labs worldwide, which would be far easier to deal with. 160.45.25.162 (talk) 15:41, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

I agree. BSL-4 facilities are significant because of their rarity. A BSL-3 facility is pretty common in comparison. Sperril (talk) 12:59, 17 August 2012 (UTC)

Genetically modified organisms are BSL-2?

Does anyone have a reference for the claim that "Genetically modified organisms have also been classified as level 2 organisms"? Seems like most iGEM projects are being done in BSL-1 labs. Patrikd (talk) 08:24, 9 December 2011 (UTC)

I deleted this statement, since it was clearly incorrect. According to the CDC, the NIH Guidelines are the key reference in assessing risk and establishing an appropriate biosafety level for work involving recombinant DNA molecules: http://oba.od.nih.gov/oba/rac/Guidelines/NIH_Guidelines.htm Patrikd (talk) 21:56, 9 December 2011 (UTC)

Changes to the table.

Due to multiple comments on this talk page, and no opposition noted, I boldly removed all of the BSL-3 sites from the table. I did not check the references. I only removed sites that did not make any claim to BSL-4 level. I also removed a facility from the list that was noted as having never opened. I feel there are too many BSL-3 sites to create any kind of stable list. (Over 1000 in the US alone.) Sperril (talk) 20:11, 4 September 2012 (UTC)

India - Azad Dedicates Asia’s First BIO-Safety Level –IV Laboratory to the Nation

Read here on GoI official post : http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=91227

"Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare, Shri Ghulam Nabi Azad dedicated to the Nation the Asia’s First Bio-Safety Level-IV Laboratory established by ICMR with support from Department of Science & Technology at Pune today."

The BSL-IV list is highly inaccurate then it seems.Sarindam7 17:48, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

It seems that, by default, that big table is sorted by location. The Pune lab was added at the top, out of alphabetical order. Any objections to me moving it into position next to the other three listed labs in India? 50.181.30.121 (talk) 00:15, 1 May 2014 (UTC)

Sounds good to me! JHCaufield - talk - 14:44, 1 May 2014 (UTC)

Done. 50.181.30.121 (talk) 01:57, 2 May 2014 (UTC)

Newer reference for BSL-4 locations

I spotted this link on my travels. Might be useful to run through and update the list of BSL-4s. 81.144.191.22 (talk) 14:01, 2 July 2014 (UTC)

• Thanks - that looks useful. JHCaufield - talk - 15:35, 2 July 2014 (UTC)

Rationale Section?

Hi all! The Rationale section here appears to mostly just restate the material in the lead and add some new (unreferenced) material. Any thoughts? If no one chimes in opposed I'll try to merge the two and find references for the new stuff. Let me know what you think! Thanks! Ajpolino (talk) 19:08, 2 April 2016 (UTC)

Troubled by unreferenced entries in tables

I recently handled an OTRS request in which we were asked to remove an entry from the table. I noted that the entry had no reference so I removed it. I note that many other entries are not supported by references.

This is not exactly a benign list like a list of notable people in a town. It is my opinion that we should not have entries in this list that are not supported by reliable sources. Does anyone disagree?

I am not a regular editor of this page and do not have the time to sort through it. Unless there is a good reason for violating the normal guidelines that material included should be referenced, I urge someone to go through and remove all of the entries in the tables that are not referenced. If they happen to be correct they can be added with references.--S Philbrick(Talk) 15:41, 22 December 2015 (UTC)

Hm. Yes good point. I'll start going through some of them. I'll post here the ones that I can't find reference for so that if someone knows better they can more easily add it back! Ajpolino (talk) 20:12, 2 April 2016 (UTC)

• Virology Laboratory of the Queensland Department of Health, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia. Did some digging and couldn't find anything definitive. It's listed in this manuscript on ArXiv but no source is given here which made me fear this article may have been where they found that information. The Queensland health website notes that they have "high containment laboratories registered and approved by the Department of Agriculture and The Office of the Gene Technology Regulator" but I couldn't find any record of whether or not those laboratories were indeed BSL-4. They do have some contact info, so if anyone is interested perhaps they could call or email and get a definitive answer. Also saw a reference to a Queensland Health BSL-4 lab in this discussion abstract but it's not clear if it's the Virology lab in particular they're referring to, or where they found that information. So at this point, I'm taking it off the list, but I left all this stuff here in case anyone wants to pick up the trail! Good luck! Ajpolino (talk) 20:22, 2 April 2016 (UTC)
• University of Queensland - Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre (SASVRC) Royal Women's Hospital Brisbane P3 (BL3),Herston, Queensland, Australia. I'm not sure if the note at the end of this one means it has BSL-3 space but not BSL-4 space. Regardless, I couldn't find any source to back up inclusion on the list. Their website doesn't mention any work specifically done at BSL-4, nor is the lab mentioned in this table from FAS or the discussion notes mentioned above. So I'm stumped at this point. Removing the entry from the list for now. Perhaps someone more knowledgeable can intercede Ajpolino (talk) 03:30, 4 April 2016 (UTC)
• Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus. Me again. Ok I can't find anything about BSL-4 space here. Their website has nothing on the topic. I saw the lab mentioned in this WHO report on antimicrobial resistance but the capability of the lab is not mentioned. There's a few recent papers listed on the institution's page on ResearchGate but none of them would obviously require BSL-4 space that I know of. So I'm stumped. Removing it from the list for now. Ajpolino (talk) 05:33, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
• Hi all, me again. I've been picking my way through the table over the last few weeks (sorry for all the edits). For the two Romanian BSL-4s listed (Cantacuzino Microbiological Research Institute and "Dr. Carol Davila" Central Military Hospital) the refs given (1 and 2) don't seem to say anything about these places having BSL-4s. I looked around and couldn't find anything (except a mention somewhere that a military BSL-4 lab near Bucharest is going to be constructed soon). However, I did find this paper which, at the top of pg40, mentions the Cantacuzino and another lab as diagnostic labs, but notes that "there are no facilities BSL4 [in Romania]". That's the best I could find so I've deleted both entries for now. Perhaps someone more knowledgeable can find a reference and add them back. Cheers! Ajpolino (talk) 00:42, 5 May 2016 (UTC)

 Done Ajpolino (talk) 02:50, 29 May 2016 (UTC)

Out of curiosity...

...why not put samples in an isolated "box" and use robotic arms to handle the lab equipment? The box and equipment might be made of a self-disinfecting material to minimize risk of infection. 03:24, 9 December 2016 (UTC)32ieww (talk) 32ieww (talk) 03:24, 9 December 2016 (UTC)

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Is biosafety level 0 a real thing?

Hi, I'm a biotech major, and I was surprised how the article mentioned BSL-0 without source. I followed the link 2 to CDC, and followed the handbook here: https://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/index.htm I saw no references of biosafety level 0 on that guideline. I've also never learned or heard about biosafety level 0, and biosafety level 1 seems to cover anything that may go under biosafety level 0, as it includes non-pathogenic microbes. Biosafety level 0 is also not mentioned under "Levels" section, which leads me to believe that BSL-0 isn't a real thing.

Can anyone else confirm this and make appropriate edits? I don't want to hastily make a judgment based on possibly incomplete information.

2602:306:C531:7DF0:C1B1:8319:8083:9E69 (talk) 06:47, 21 November 2017 (UTC)

 Done Oops I didn't notice that change. Changed it back to BSL-1. Thanks for posting here! Ajpolino (talk) 01:11, 11 January 2018 (UTC)

Kindly include information about plant pathogens

Want to know about biosafety level of potential plant pathogens, diseased plants, herbarium sheets of plant disease, agricultural field sample of plant disease, and instructions and rules and regulations about working with potential plant pathogens. 2409:4060:2017:F88E:A5E0:8244:A65:A7F2 (talk) 10:49, 30 April 2019 (UTC)

What kind of certification, qualification and inspection is required to open a plant pathology laboratory or a plant clinic?

To open a plant clinic or a plant pathology laboratory;

• 1. What kind of biohazard management training required prior to open the laboratory?

• 2. Who certifies the plant pathology laboratory?

• 3. Who inspects the laboratory for monitoring whether biosafety is being maintained properly and quality control of experiments? How to request an inspection?

• 4. Who investgates or receive complaints if a possible violation of biosafety occurs?

2409:4060:2017:F88E:A5E0:8244:A65:A7F2 (talk) 10:58, 30 April 2019 (UTC)

Sending or Transport of cultures or samples

To send a microbial culture or organ sample; what are the rules and regulations for sending by post/ by courier/ in-person

• 1. Sending within country (say one university to another),

• 2. Sending from 1 country to another,

• 3. What kind of certification/ tickets/ stickers/ badges to stick on the parcel?

• 4. What are safe methods to pack the samples and prepare the envelop?

• 5. For an unidentified sample being sent for identification say for DNA isolation or PCR or sequencing, what would be the biosafety level?

• 6. Who (person)/ which institute is eligible to send cultures and who is the authority to give a biosafety level and/or a sending ticket or certification to the parcel containing live culture/organ for being sent or transferred?

• 7. What are instructions for bringing pathological samples from one place to another (say home to clinic/ clinic to another clinic)

2409:4060:2017:F88E:A5E0:8244:A65:A7F2 (talk) 11:17, 30 April 2019 (UTC)

Safety concerns

The section “safety concerns” only discusses issues in United States. Should it be expanded to include other countries or rephrased/rewritten to simply state to the effect of “concerns have been raised in the United States that there is no agency responsible for oversight “ Sarboss (talk) 21:30, 8 May 2020 (UTC)

yes. here is a good source: King’s College London. Mapping Maximum Biological Containment Labs Globally. Filipa Lentzos and Gregory Koblentz. May 2021.--Empiricus (talk) 10:48, 13 June 2021 (UTC)