Talk:African lion
Latest comment: 5 years ago by Leo1pard in topic Types (populations or subspecies) of African lions
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Redirecting African lion to Lion#Africa edit
What I am thinking of is editing that section on the lion's distribution and habitat into 2 sections, one for Eurasia, the other for Africa, and then redirecting African lion to the sub-section for Africa, that way, we can have a more valid link for African lion IMO, rather than African lion having to redirect to the whole article of Lion, since that article also talks about extant Asiatic lions and prehistoric cave lions. What do you think? Leo1pard (talk) 14:55, 30 May 2017 (UTC)
I mean in a geographic way, not a taxonomic way. Leo1pard (talk) 16:12, 30 May 2017 (UTC)
Page views edit
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Types (populations or subspecies) of African lions edit
Old classification(s) edit
| Subspecies | Description | Image |
|---|---|---|
| Barbary lion (P. l. leo), also called the "Atlas lion", "Berber lion" or "North African lion" | Formerly found in the Maghreb, this is the nominate lion subspecies from North Africa. It is extinct in the wild due to excessive hunting; the last, known Barbary lion in the wilderness was killed in Morocco in 1920.[1][2] This was regarded as being one of the largest subspecies,[3] with reported lengths of 3.0–3.3 m (9.8–10.8 ft) and weights of more than 200 kg (440 lb) for males. Besides West and certain Central African lions, it is more closely related to the Asiatic lion than to other African lions.[4] A number of animals in captivity are likely to be Barbary lions,[5] particularly the 90 animals descended from the Moroccan Royal collection at Rabat Zoo.[6] | 
|
| Subspecies | Description | Image |
|---|---|---|
| Senegal lion (P. l. senegalensis), also known as "West African lion" | Found in West Africa.[7][8] It is currently listed as critically endangered, as of 2015.
West Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana,[9] Mali, Nigeria, Niger and Senegal |
|
| Gambian lion (P. l. gambianus) | Formerly found in the Gambia.[10] | 
|
| Subspecies | Description | Image |
|---|---|---|
| Cameroon lion (P. l. kamptzi) | Found in Cameroon and the region south of Lake Chad, in Central or Western Africa.[11] | 
|
| Northeast Congo lion (P. l. azandica), or simply the "Congo lion" | Found in the northeastern parts of the Congo, adjacent to Uganda.[7] It is currently extinct in Rwanda.
Central Africa:[12] (Democratic Republic of the Congo) |
|
| Subspecies | Description | Image |
|---|---|---|
| Nubian lion (P. l. nubica) | From Nubia in Northeast Africa.[13] | _(18243500220).jpg)
|
| Somali lion (P. l. somaliensis syn. P. l. webbiensis | From Somaliland or Somalia, East Africa.[14][15] | _(14592552427).jpg)
|
| Masai lion (P. l. massaica) | Found in East Africa, from Ethiopia and Kenya to Tanzania and Mozambique;[8] a local population is known as the "Tsavo lion". | 
|
| Ethiopian lion (P. l. roosevelti syn. P. l. abyssinica), also known as "Abyssinian lion" and "Addis Ababa lion" | 15 captive lions in the Addis Ababa Zoo.[16] Researchers compared the microsatellite variations over ten loci of fifteen lions in captivity with those of six different wild lion populations. They determined that these lions are genetically unique and presumably that "their wild source population is similarly unique." These lions were part of a collection of the late Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia.[17]
Northeast Africa: (Ethiopia) |
|
| Kilimanjaro lion (P. l. sabakiensis) | From the northern vicinity of Mount Kilimanjaro in East Africa.[18] | 
|
| Ugandan lion (P. l. nyanzae) | Found in Uganda, East Africa.[11] | 
|
| Sotik lion (P. l. hollisteri), also known as "Hollister's lion" or "Lake Victoria lion" | Found on the eastern bank of Lake Victoria in Kenya, East Africa.[11] | _-_Male_Lion_Sotik_Plains_1909.png)
|
| Subspecies | Description | Image |
|---|---|---|
| Cape lion (P. l. melanochaita) | Formerly found from the Cape Province to Natal, South Africa.[19][20] | 
|
| Katanga lion (P. l. bleyenberghi), also known as the "Angola lion", "Bleyenbergh's lion" or "Southwest African lion" | Found in southwestern Africa. It is among the largest populations of African lions. The type specimen was from Katanga in what in what used to be the Belgian Congo in central Africa.[14][21]
Central Africa: Formerly Katanga (Congo-Kinshasa) Southern Africa: Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe[8] |
|
| Kruger lion (P. l. krugeri), also known as the "Southeast African lion", "South African lion" or "Transvaal lion" | Found in the Transvaal region of southeast Africa, including Kruger National Park.[8]
Southern Africa: (Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe) |
|
| Kalahari lion (P. l. vernayi) | Found in the Kalahari Region of Southern Africa.[11] | .jpg){kind=spacer}
|
Leo1pard (talk) 17:55, 13 October 2018 (UTC)
New classification edit
| Subspecies | Description | Image |
|---|---|---|
| P. l. leo[22][23] (Linnaeus, 1758)[24] | Lions in Western, Central and Northern Africa. | |
| P. l. melanochaita[22] (Smith, 1842)[24] | Lions in Eastern and Southern Africa. | |
Leo1pard (talk) 09:47, 29 November 2017 (UTC)
References
- ^ Nowell, K.; Jackson, P. (1996). "Panthera Leo". Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan (PDF). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. pp. 17–21, 37–41. ISBN 2-8317-0045-0.
- ^ Black, S. A.; Fellous, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Roberts, D. L. (2013). "Examining the Extinction of the Barbary Lion and Its Implications for Felid Conservation". PLoS ONE. 8 (4): e60174. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...860174B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060174. PMC 3616087. PMID 23573239.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Yadav, P. R. (2004). Vanishing And Endangered Species. Discovery Publishing House. pp. 176–78. ISBN 81-7141-776-0. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ^ Bertola, L.D.; Jongbloed, H.; Van Der Gaag, K.J.; De Knijff, P.; Yamaguchi, N.; Hooghiemstra, H.; Bauer, H.; Henschel, P.; White, P.A.; Driscoll, C.A.; Tende, T. (2016). "Phylogeographic patterns in Africa and High Resolution Delineation of genetic clades in the Lion (Panthera leo)". Scientific Reports. 6: 30807. doi:10.1038/srep30807. PMC 4973251. PMID 27488946.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|last-author-amp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Burger, Joachim; Hemmer, Helmut (2006). "Urgent call for further breeding of the relic zoo population of the critically endangered Barbary lion (Panthera leo leo Linnaeus 1758)" (PDF). European Journal of Wildlife Research. 52: 54–58. doi:10.1007/s10344-005-0009-z.
- ^ Black, Simon; Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki; Harland, Adrian; Groombridge, Jim (2010). "Maintaining the genetic health of putative Barbary lions in captivity: an analysis of Moroccan Royal Lions". European Journal of Wildlife Research. 56: 21–31. doi:10.1007/s10344-009-0280-5.
- ^ a b Sunquist, M. E. and Sunquist, F. C. (2009). Family Felidae (Cats). In: Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 1: Carnivores. Lynx Edicions, 2009, ISBN 978-84-96553-49-1, pp. 137 ff.
- ^ a b c d Macdonald, David Wayne (2006). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. pp. 628–635. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.
- ^ F. M. Angelici; A. Mahama; L. Rossi (20 July 2015). "The lion in Ghana: its historical and current status" (PDF). Animal Biodiversity and Conservation. 38.2: 151–162. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|last-author-amp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Gray, J. E. (1843). List of the specimens of Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum. London: Trustees of the British Museum.
- ^ a b c d Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (1992) [1972]. "Lion". Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mammals of the Soviet Union, Volume II, Part 2]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 83–95. ISBN 978-90-04-08876-4.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ "United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)". un.org.
- ^ Hemmer, H. (1974). "Untersuchungen zur Stammesgeschichte der Pantherkatzen (Pantherinae) Teil 3. Zur Artgeschichte des Löwen Panthera (Panthera) leo (Linnaeus, 1758)". Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung (in German). 17: 167–280.
- ^ a b Haas, S. K.; Hayssen, V.; Krausman, P. R. (2005). "Panthera leo" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 762: 1–11. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2005)762[0001:PL]2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2017.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Allen, J. A. (1924). "Carnivora Collected By The American Museum Congo Expedition". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 47: 73–281.
- ^ "A New, Genetically Distinct Lion Population is Found". News Watch. National Geographic Society. 30 November 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
The Addis Ababa zoo lions have dark manes and small bodies, unlike other African lions. But life in captivity can sometimes influence appearance. A team of researchers, led by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany and the University of York in the UK, checked to see if the lions really are different by comparing DNA samples of 15 lions from the zoo to six populations of wild lions. Their genetic analysis revealed that the gene sequence of all fifteen lions were unique and showed little sign of inbreeding.
- ^ Bruche, S.; Gusset, M.; Lippold, S.; Barnett, R.; Eulenberger, K.; Junhold, J.; Driscoll, C. A.; Hofreiter, M. (2012). "A genetically distinct lion (Panthera leo) population from Ethiopia". European Journal of Wildlife Research. 59 (2): 215–225. doi:10.1007/s10344-012-0668-5.
- ^ Lönnberg, E. (1910). "Mammals". In Sjöstedt, Y. (ed.). Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905–1906. Volume 1. Uppsala: Königlich Schwedische Akademie der Wissenschaften.
- ^ Allen, G. M. (1939). "A Checklist of African Mammals". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 83: 1–763.
- ^ Mazak, V. (1975). "Notes on the Black-maned Lion of the Cape, Panthera leo melanochaita (Ch. H. Smith, 1842) and a Revised List of the Preserved Specimens". Verhandelingen Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (64): 1–44.
- ^ Lönnberg, E. (1914). "New and rare mammals from Congo". Revue de Zoologie Africaine (3): 273–278.
- ^ a b Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News. Special Issue 11: 71–73. ISSN 1027-2992.
- ^ {{IUCN |assessor=Bauer, H. |assessor2=Packer, C. |assessor3=Funston, P. F. |assessor4=Henschel, P. |assessor5=Nowell, K. |year=2016 |id=15951 |taxon=Panthera leo |version=2017-3}}
- ^ a b Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Panthera leo". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 546. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Did you know? edit
Saber-toothed cats appear to have coexisted with the lion in the prehistoric times. One machairodontine species from Central Africa, which came before the lion, was Amphimachairodus kabir.[1]
References
- ^ Peignéa, Stéphane; Louis de Bonisa; Andossa Likiusb; Hassane Taïsso Mackayeb; Patrick Vignauda; Michel Bruneta (2005). "A new machairodontine (Carnivora, Felidae) from the Late Miocene hominid locality of TM 266, Toros-Menalla, Chad". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 4 (3): 243–253. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2004.10.002. Retrieved 2013-01-16.
See also edit
No such thing as the African lion edit
The African lion is not a single population as stated in the opening sentence. In fact, there is no lion population that can be reasonably called an African lion. A case can be made for the African lion being all modern lions, including those that have recently spread into Asia, as opposed to older fossil lions and cave lions, but this is rarely done.
This article is about lions in Africa so why not use the title Lions in Africa, although it will be largely redundant with the lion article. Jts1882 | talk 16:12, 29 September 2018 (UTC)
- The Cat Specialist Group doesn't agree with that.[1] Note that even for the Asiatic lion, in another page,[2] they said that though it was classified as Panthera leo persica, it now belongs to Panthera leo leo according to the new classification,[3] meaning that this page isn't outdated.[1] It talks about the African and Asiatic populations, besides recognising the subspecies. Leo1pard (talk) 12:34, 2 October 2018 (UTC)
- Jts1882 is right, you're confusing geographic populations with subspecies now. Cas Liber (talk · contribs) 11:16, 2 October 2018 (UTC)
- No, I'm not confused, I said that African lions are divided into different subspecies, and that one of these subspecies includes the Asiatic lion, that's what the Cat Specialist Group shows, amongst others.[1][2][3] Leo1pard (talk) 12:34, 2 October 2018 (UTC)
- An article called African lion is different from one called African lions or Lions of Africa. The former implies a common name, which would have been appropriate when it was recognised as a subspecies, but is no longer. The latter refers to lions of the continent and could discuss the subspecies and populations. I think the idea of an article embracing all subspecies and populations is more suitable and could include your draft tables. I suggested Subspecies of lion elsewhere and someone else has suggested Taxonomy of lions. Neither are quite right, but the important point is to decide how distribute the information on lions into a few articles with clearly defined scope. Jts1882 | talk 13:20, 2 October 2018 (UTC)
- I have modified it to make it clearer that African lions are divided into different clades and subspecies, but since the CSG used the singular form "African lion",[1] I see no point in renaming it as "African lions", partly for the sake of simplicity in linking from other relevant pages to this article. Leo1pard (talk) 17:18, 2 October 2018 (UTC)
- An article called African lion is different from one called African lions or Lions of Africa. The former implies a common name, which would have been appropriate when it was recognised as a subspecies, but is no longer. The latter refers to lions of the continent and could discuss the subspecies and populations. I think the idea of an article embracing all subspecies and populations is more suitable and could include your draft tables. I suggested Subspecies of lion elsewhere and someone else has suggested Taxonomy of lions. Neither are quite right, but the important point is to decide how distribute the information on lions into a few articles with clearly defined scope. Jts1882 | talk 13:20, 2 October 2018 (UTC)
- No, I'm not confused, I said that African lions are divided into different subspecies, and that one of these subspecies includes the Asiatic lion, that's what the Cat Specialist Group shows, amongst others.[1][2][3] Leo1pard (talk) 12:34, 2 October 2018 (UTC)
- Jts1882 is right, you're confusing geographic populations with subspecies now. Cas Liber (talk · contribs) 11:16, 2 October 2018 (UTC)
References
- ^ a b c d African lion, Species Survival Commission, Cat Specialist Group, retrieved 2017-08-01
- ^ a b Asiatic lion, Species Survival Commission, Cat Specialist Group, retrieved 2017-08-01
- ^ a b Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News. Special Issue 11: 71–73. ISSN 1027-2992.