The men's 100 metre freestyle was one of six swimming events on the swimming at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme.[1] It was the shortest of the three individual freestyle events, as the 50 yard freestyle had been dropped after its one appearance on the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. The 100 metre event was contested for the third time after it had been held at the 1896 and 1906 Olympics. The 1904 Olympics saw a 100-yard event. The competition was held on Friday 17 July 1908 and Monday 20 July 1908. Thirty-four swimmers from twelve nations competed. Each nation was limited to 12 swimmers.[2]
| Men's 100 metre freestyle at the Games of the IV Olympiad | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Swimming at the 1908 Games | ||||||||||
| Venue | White City Stadium | |||||||||
| Dates | 17 July 20 July | |||||||||
| Competitors | 34 from 12 nations | |||||||||
| Winning time | 1:05.6 WR | |||||||||
| Medalists | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
The event was won by Charles Daniels of the United States, the first time Hungary had been beaten in the event (excluding Intercalated Games). Zoltán Halmay of Hungary, the winner in 1900, finished second. Harald Julin's bronze was Sweden's first medal in the event.
These were the first Olympic Games in which a 100-metre pool had been especially constructed (inside the main stadium's track and field oval). Previous Olympic events were swum in open water (1896: The Mediterranean Sea, 1900: The Seine River, 1904: an artificial lake).[citation needed]
Background edit
This was the third appearance of the men's 100 metre freestyle (including the 100 yard event in 1904 but excluding the Intercalated Games in 1906). The event has been held at every Summer Olympics except 1900 (when the shortest freestyle was the 200 metres), though the 1904 version was measured in yards rather than metres.[3]
Two of the six finalists from 1904 returned: gold medalist Zoltán Halmay of Hungary and silver medalist Charles Daniels of the United States. Daniels had beaten Halmay at the 1906 Intercalated Games. Halmay held the world record.[citation needed]
Australasia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, and Sweden each made their debut in the event. Hungary and the United States each made their third appearance, having competed at each edition of the event to date.[citation needed]
Competition format edit
With a much larger field than in 1904, the 1908 competition expanded to three rounds: heats, semifinals, and a final. The 1908 Games also restored the wild-card system from 1900, allowing the fastest swimmers who did not win their heat to advance. The nine heats consisted of between 1 and 6 swimmers, with the winner of the heat advancing along with the fastest loser from across the heats (all tied swimmers advanced in the case of equal times). There were two semifinals, intended to be of 5 swimmers each but one of which actually had 6 due to a tie in the heats; the top 2 finishers in each semifinal (regardless of overall time) advanced to the 4-person final.[2]
Each race involved a single length of the 100 metre pool, with no turns. Any stroke could be used.
Records edit
These were the standing world and Olympic records (in minutes) prior to the 1908 Summer Olympics.
| World Record | 1:05.8 |  Zoltán Halmay
|
Vienna (AUT) | 3 December 1905 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Olympic Record | 1:22.2 | Alfréd Hajós
|
Athens (GRE) | 11 April 1896 (NS) |
| 1:13.0(*) |  Charles Daniels
|
Athens (GRE) | 26 April 1906 (NS) | |
| 1:02.8(**) | Zoltán Halmay
|
St. Louis (USA) | 5 September 1904 |
(*) Intercalated Games
(**) 100 yards (91.44 m)
In the first heat Zoltán Halmay set a new Olympic record with 1:08.2. In the fifth heat Charles Daniels and in the seventh heat Wilfred Edwards equalized the standing world record of 1:05.8. Finally Charles Daniels set a new world record with 1:05.6 in the final.
Schedule edit
| Date | Time | Round |
|---|---|---|
| Friday, 17 July 1908 | 16:15 | Heats |
| Monday, 20 July 1908 | 11:00 14:30 |
Semifinals Final |
Results edit
Heats edit
The fastest swimmer in each heat and the fastest loser advanced. Because there was a tie for fastest loser, both men advanced. Thus, 11 swimmers qualified for the semifinals.
Heat 1 edit
| Rank | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zoltán Halmay |  Hungary |
1:08.2 | Q, OR |
| 2 | Theodore Tartakover |  Australasia |
Unknown | |
| 3–6 | Davide Baiardo |  Italy |
Unknown | |
| Bouke Benenga |  Netherlands |
Unknown | ||
| Harald Klem |  Denmark |
Unknown | ||
| Herman Meyboom |  Belgium |
Unknown |
Heat 2 edit
| Rank | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Otto Scheff |  Austria |
1:11.8 | Q |
| 2 | Addin Tyldesley |  Great Britain |
1:12.0 | q |
| 3–5 | Gérard Meister |  France |
Unknown | |
| József Munk | Hungary |
Unknown | ||
| Conrad Trubenbach |  United States |
Unknown |
Heat 3 edit
| Rank | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Frank Beaurepaire | Australasia |
1:11.6 | Q |
| 2 | Lambertus Benenga | Netherlands |
1:13.2 | |
| 3–5 | Robert Andersson |  Sweden |
Unknown | |
| Henrik Hajós | Hungary |
Unknown | ||
| Poul Holm | Denmark |
Unknown |
Heat 4 edit
| Rank | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Harald Julin | Sweden |
1:12.0 | Q |
| 2 | John Derbyshire | Great Britain |
1:12.6 | |
| 3–4 | Victor Boin | Belgium |
Unknown | |
| Robert Foster | United States |
Unknown | ||
| — | Gyula Hornung | Hungary |
DNS |
Heat 5 edit
| Rank | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Charles Daniels | United States |
1:05.8 | Q, =WR |
| 2 | József Ónody | Hungary |
1:13.2 | |
| 3 | George Innocent | Great Britain |
Unknown | |
| 4–5 | René André | France |
Unknown | |
| Hjalmar Saxtorph | Denmark |
Unknown |
Heat 6 edit
| Rank | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Harry Hebner | United States |
1:11.0 | Q |
| 2 | Paul Radmilovic | Great Britain |
1:12.0 | q |
| 3–4 | Edward Cooke | Australasia |
Unknown | |
| Fernand Feyaerts | Belgium |
Unknown | ||
| — | Jenő Hégner-Tóth | Hungary |
DNS |
Heat 7 edit
| Rank | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wilfred Edwards | Great Britain |
1:05.8 | Q, =WR |
| 2 | Robert Zimmerman |  Canada |
1:35.0 | |
| — | Gentilly | France |
DNS | |
| Géza Kiss | Hungary |
DNS | ||
| Leo Goodwin | United States |
DNS |
Heat 8 edit
Dockrell had no competition in the eighth heat.
| Rank | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | George Dockrell | Great Britain |
1:13.2 | Q |
| — | Snowy Baker | Australasia |
DNS | |
| Paul Vasseur | France |
DNS | ||
| Alajos Bruckner | Hungary |
DNS | ||
| Ragnar Lagergren | Sweden |
DNS |
Heat 9 edit
| Rank | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leslie Rich | United States |
1:14.6 | Q |
| 2 | André Duprez | Belgium |
1:18.0 | |
| — | Sándor Ádám | Hungary |
DNS | |
| Lóránt Apor | Hungary |
DNS | ||
| Axel Persson | Sweden |
DNS |
Semifinals edit
The fastest two swimmers from each semifinal advanced to the final.
Semifinal 1 edit
| Rank | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zoltán Halmay | Hungary |
1:09.4 | Q |
| 2 | Harald Julin | Sweden |
1:10.2 | Q |
| 3 | Harry Hebner | United States |
1:11.8 | |
| 4 | Frank Beaurepaire | Australasia |
Unknown | |
| 5–6 | Wilfred Edwards | Great Britain |
Unknown | |
| Paul Radmilovic | Great Britain |
Unknown |
Semifinal 2 edit
| Rank | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Charles Daniels | United States |
1:10.2 | Q |
| 2 | Leslie Rich | United States |
1:10.8 | Q |
| 3 | George Dockrell | Great Britain |
1:11.4 | |
| 4 | Otto Scheff | Austria |
Unknown | |
| 5 | Addin Tyldesley | Great Britain |
Unknown |
Final edit
Halmay started fast, leading for the first 30 metres until he was caught by Daniels. Daniels took a slight lead at the halfway mark and won by half a yard.[3][4]
| Rank | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Charles Daniels | United States |
1:05.6 | WR |
 |
Zoltán Halmay | Hungary |
1:06.2 | |
 |
Harald Julin | Sweden |
1:08.0 | |
| 4 | Leslie Rich | United States |
Unknown |
Results summary edit
| Rank | Swimmer | Nation | Heats | Semifinals | Final | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Charles Daniels | United States |
1:05.8 | 1:10.2 | 1:05.6 | WR |
| |
Zoltán Halmay | Hungary |
1:08.2 | 1:09.4 | 1:06.2 | |
| |
Harald Julin | Sweden |
1:12.0 | 1:10.2 | 1:08.0 | |
| 4 | Leslie Rich | United States |
1:14.6 | 1:10.8 | Unknown | |
| 5 | George Dockrell | Great Britain |
1:13.2 | 1:11.4 | Did not advance | |
| 6 | Harry Hebner | United States |
1:11.0 | 1:11.8 | Did not advance | |
| 7 | Frank Beaurepaire | Australasia |
1:11.6 | Unknown | Did not advance | 4th in semifinal heat |
| Otto Scheff | Austria |
1:11.8 | Unknown | Did not advance | 4th in semifinal heat | |
| 9 | Addin Tyldesley | Great Britain |
1:12.0 | Unknown | Did not advance | 5th in semifinal heat |
| 10 | Wilfred Edwards | Great Britain |
1:05.8 | Unknown | Did not advance | 5th or 6th in semifinal heat |
| Paul Radmilovic | Great Britain |
1:12.0 | Unknown | Did not advance | 5th or 6th in semifinal heat | |
| 12 | John Derbyshire | Great Britain |
1:12.6 | Did not advance | ||
| 13 | Lamme Benenga | Netherlands |
1:13.2 | Did not advance | ||
| József Ónody | Hungary |
1:13.2 | Did not advance | |||
| 15 | André Duprez | Belgium |
1:18.0 | Did not advance | ||
| 16 | Robert Zimmerman | Canada |
1:35.0 | Did not advance | ||
| 17 | Theodore Tartakover | Australasia |
Unknown | Did not advance | 2nd in heat | |
| 18 | George Innocent | Great Britain |
Unknown | Did not advance | 3rd in heat | |
| 19 | Victor Boin | Belgium |
Unknown | Did not advance | 3rd or 4th in heat | |
| Edward Cooke | Australasia |
Unknown | Did not advance | 3rd or 4th in heat | ||
| Fernand Feyaerts | Belgium |
Unknown | Did not advance | 3rd or 4th in heat | ||
| Robert Foster | United States |
Unknown | Did not advance | 3rd or 4th in heat | ||
| 23 | Robert Andersson | Sweden |
Unknown | Did not advance | 3rd to 5th in heat | |
| Henrik Hajós | Hungary |
Unknown | Did not advance | 3rd to 5th in heat | ||
| Poul Holm | Denmark |
Unknown | Did not advance | 3rd to 5th in heat | ||
| Gérard Meister | France |
Unknown | Did not advance | 3rd to 5th in heat | ||
| József Munk | Hungary |
Unknown | Did not advance | 3rd to 5th in heat | ||
| Conrad Trubenbach | United States |
Unknown | Did not advance | 3rd to 5th in heat | ||
| 29 | Davide Baiardo | Italy |
Unknown | Did not advance | 3rd to 6th in heat | |
| Bouke Benenga | Netherlands |
Unknown | Did not advance | 3rd to 6th in heat | ||
| Harald Klem | Denmark |
Unknown | Did not advance | 3rd to 6th in heat | ||
| Herman Meyboom | Belgium |
Unknown | Did not advance | 3rd to 6th in heat | ||
| 33 | René André | France |
Unknown | Did not advance | 4th or 5th in heat | |
| Hjalmar Saxtorph | Denmark |
Unknown | Did not advance | 4th or 5th in heat | ||
| — | Sándor Ádám | Hungary |
DNS | Did not advance | ||
| Snowy Baker | Australasia |
DNS | Did not advance | |||
| Alajos Bruckner | Hungary |
DNS | Did not advance | |||
| Gentilly | France |
DNS | Did not advance | |||
| Leo Goodwin | United States |
DNS | Did not advance | |||
| Jenő Hégner-Tóth | Hungary |
DNS | Did not advance | |||
| Gyula Hornung | Hungary |
DNS | Did not advance | |||
| Géza Kiss | Hungary |
DNS | Did not advance | |||
| Ragnar Lagergren | Sweden |
DNS | Did not advance | |||
| Lóránt Apor | Hungary |
DNS | Did not advance | |||
| Axel Persson | Sweden |
DNS | Did not advance | |||
| Paul Vasseur | France |
DNS | Did not advance | |||
References edit
- ^ "Swimming at the 1908 London Summer Games: Men's 100 metres Freestyle". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ a b Official Report, p. 571.
- ^ a b "100 metres Freestyle, Men". Olympedia. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
- ^ Official Report, p. 299.
Sources edit
- Cook, Theodore Andrea (1908). The Fourth Olympiad, Being the Official Report. London: British Olympic Association.
- De Wael, Herman (2001). "Swimming 1908". Herman's Full Olympians. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2006.