Ruda Kameralna [ˈruda kamɛˈralna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zakliczyn, within Tarnów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Zakliczyn, 30 km (19 mi) south-west of Tarnów, and 65 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków.[3] In the years 1975–1998 the administrative district belonged to the Tarnow Voivodship.
Ruda Kameralna | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 | |
| Nickname: The Positively Twisted Village Polish: wioska pozytywnie zakręcona | |
  Ruda Kameralna | |
| Coordinates: 49°49′N 20°45′E / 49.817°N 20.750°E | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lesser Poland |
| County | Tarnów |
| Gmina | Zakliczyn |
| Founded | 1372 |
| Founded by | Brothers Błażej and Filip from Tworkowa |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Teresa Kaczor[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 6.5 km2 (2.5 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 313 m (1,027 ft) |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
• Total | 294 |
| • Density | 45/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 32-840 |
| Area code | (+48) 14 |
Ruda Kameralna is also a thematic village under the name: wioska pozytywnie zakręcona, roughly translated to "the positively twisted village" in reference to grinding corn for flour and butter churning activities of their tours. They also celebrate traditional folk holidays and rituals and the history of the village.[4]
Etymology
editThe village is most likely named after their leading industry, the mining of iron ore as ruda means "ore". Kalmerana or kameralnym, means "intimate/cozy", commonly translated to "chamber" and likely derives from how the village is situated among the forests in a very peaceful place far from civilization.[5]
History
edit
14th century
editIn 1372, Paszko Tresta of Brzany, Gedcycze allowed the brothers Błażej and Filip from Tworkowa to establish the village of Ruda Kameralna south of Filipowice in the woods on the Świdnik Swamp.[5][6]
Iron ore deposits were found in the area and exploited on a large scale in the Middle Ages. The ore was melted in cooking mugs and inverted in nearby Paleśnica.[6] Salmon from the nearby stream was smoked and chopped and the water was used in the hammer mill to refine the iron they mined.
17th century
editIn 1655, Sweden invaded Poland in the Deluge and Ruda Kameralna remained under Swedish rule until 1660 after the Polish King John II Casimir renounced his claim to the Swedish crown.
18th century
editIn 1772, the village came under Austria-Hungarian rule and was considered part of historic Galicia. Although a village comprised completely of Poles, it was to remain part of Austria until the end of World War I. By 1795 Poland was no longer an independent Polish state and was partitioned between Brandenburg-Prussia, the Habsburg monarchy and Russia.
20th century
editIn the aftermath of World War I, the Polish people rose up in the Greater Poland Uprising on December 27, 1918. The fighting continued until June 28, 1919, when the Treaty of Versailles was signed and the village became part of the new Republic of Poland with the rest of West Galicia.
In 1939, Germany and the USSR invaded Poland and the country was again partitioned between the two nations. The town of Ruda Kameralna became part of Germany with its residents deprived of their voting rights and banned from non-Nazi political parties. They would remain under Germany rule until the end of World War II in 1945 when Poland once again was its own independent nation.
In 1971 a fire burned down the brick and mortar St. Mary Trinity Chapel. It was rebuilt the same year.
21st century
editOn July 23, 2001, there was flooding after torrential rains. The Rudzanka, a stream running through the village, turned into a great mass of brownish water that destroyed roads, houses, and farm buildings and forced the evacuation of the population.
Geography
editTopography
editAccording to the Statute of the Village of Ruda Kameralna, the village has a total area of 685.49 hectares (1,693.9 acres) or 6.85 square kilometres (2.64 sq mi).[7] Ruda Kameralna lies on the Rudzianka, a stream that flows down the mountains from the small village of Dzierżaniny in the south, to the Dunajec River in the north.
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1869 | 573 | — |
| 1880 | 595 | +3.8% |
| 1890 | 696 | +17.0% |
| 1900 | 719 | +3.3% |
| 2009 | 323 | −55.1% |
| 2016 | 294 | −9.0% |
| Source: 1869-1900 Austrian Census of Galacia, TERYT, and Zakliczyn.pl | ||
2016
editThere were 294 inhabitants within 6.5 square kilometres (2.5 sq mi) for a population density of 45 inhabitants per square kilometre (116.5/sq mi).[2]
2009
editThere were 323 inhabitants within 6.5 square kilometres (2.5 sq mi) for a population density of 50 inhabitants per square kilometre (129.5/sq mi).[8][7]
1900 Austrian Census
editAs per 1900 Austrian Census of Galicia, there were 719 people in 126 houses residing in the village with an area of 650 hectares (1,600 acres). The population density was 111 inhabitants per square kilometre (287.5/sq mi). There were an average of 5.7 inhabitants per home. The gender makeup of the town was 51% male and 49% female.
The ordinary language of the population was Polish and they had one elementary school.[9]
1890 Austrian Census
editAs per 1890 Austrian Census of Galicia, there were 696 people in 112 houses residing in the village with an area of 6.5 square kilometres (2.5 sq mi). The population density was 107 inhabitants per square kilometre (277.1/sq mi). There were an average of 6.2 inhabitants per home. The gender makeup of the town was 51.1% male and 48.9% female.[10]
1880 Austrian Census
editAs per the 1880 Austrian Census of Galicia, there were 595 people in 116 houses residing in the village. The population density was 92 inhabitants per square kilometre (238.3/sq mi). There were an average of 5.1 inhabitants per home. The gender makeup of the town was 47.4% male and 52.6% female.[11]
1869 Austrian Census
editAs per the 1869 Austrian Census of Galicia, there were 573 people in 127 houses residing in the village. The population density was 88 inhabitants per square kilometre (227.9/sq mi). There was an average of 4.5 inhabitants per home. The gender makeup of the town was 46.2% male and 53.8% female.[12]
Places of interest
editGreat Southern Loop
editThe Great Southern Loop (Wielka Pętla Południowa) or the PTTK "green trail" is the longest biking rout in the community of Zakliczyn at 40 kilometres (25 mi) long. It runs from Czchów to Gromnik through Ruda Kameralna.[5]
Chapel of the Virgin Mary
editThe St. Mary Trinity Chapel was built in 1864 as a brick and plastered stone object. In 1971 it was destroyed in a fire, but was rebuilt in the same year. Three altars made from 1971 to 1975 exist inside the chapel.[5]
19th century stone shrines
editThere are two 19th century stone shrines in the village made from whitewashed stone-thrown clay. One is square with a gabled roof and a recessed niche featuring a folk sculpture of Christ crucified and paintings of the Family and Heart of St. Mary. The other is in the shape of a slender post with softened corners which is wider at the top than the bottom. In that top are recesses containing porcelain figurines of angels and the Immaculate Conception of Mary.[5][13]
-
Forest stream -
House in Ruda Kameralna -
19th century stone shrine of Christ Crucified
Notable people
edit- Captain Jan "Salwa" Dubaniowski - Commander of the Bochnia District of the Polish Armed Forces on September 27, 1947[6]
- Józef Kumorek - son of Jan and Katarzyny, born July 17, 1883, in Ruda Kameralna, died in Tarnów prison on December 29, 1940, from heart problems. He was one of an estimated 25,000 prisoners of the Germans during their occupation of Tarnów in World War II.[14]
- Stanisław Rozkocha - folk sculptor[5]
- Anderzej Różowski - Previous mayor of Ruda Kameralna[1]
References
edit- ^ a b Dudzik, Kazimierz (2 December 2015). "13 sesja Rady Miejskiej w Zakliczynie" [13th Session of the City Council in Zakliczyn] (in Polish). Zakliczyn Centrum Kultury. Retrieved 6 September 2017. Mentioned the previous mayor Andrzej Różowski was stepping down and the new mayor Aneta Winiarska would be taking his place.
- ^ a b c "Liczba ludności i powierzchnia miejscowości w Gminie Zakliczyn" [Population and area of the village in the Municipality of Zakliczyn]. Miasto i Gmina Zakliczyn (in Polish). Urząd Miejski w Zakliczynie. Retrieved 20 Oct 2018.
- ^ "Central Statistical Office (GUS) – TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)" (in Polish). 2008-06-01.
- ^ "Ruda Kameralna: Wioska pozytywnie zakręcona" [Ruda Kameralna: the positively twisted village]. Miejsca z charakterem [Places with Character] (in Polish). Retrieved September 4, 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f "Niezależny Zakliczyński Serwis Internetowy - Wioski - Ruda Kameralna" [Independent Zakliczyn Internet Service - Villages - Ruda Kameralna] (in Polish). 2004. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
- ^ a b c "Gmina Zakliczyn Solectwa" [Community of Zakliczyn Villages]. Miasto i Gmina Zakliczyn (in Polish). Urząd Miejski w Zakliczynie. Retrieved 20 Oct 2018.
- ^ a b "Statut Sołectwa Ruda Kameralna" [Statute of the Village Ruda Kameralna]. 2006. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
- ^ City Council in Zakliczyn, Wykaz miejscowości wchodzących w skład Gminy Zakliczyn wraz z liczbą mieszkańców [List of towns belonging to the Commune of Zakliczyn together with the number of inhabitants]
- ^ K. K. Statistischen Zentralkommission, ed. (1907), Gemeindelexikon der im Reichsrate Vertretenen Konigreiche und Lander [Community Lexicon of the Kingdoms Represented in the Empire], XII (in German), Vienna, Austria: K.K. Hoff und Staatsdruckerei, p. 80
- ^ K.K. Statistischen Central-Commission, ed. (1893), Orts Repertorium von Galizien [Place Directory of Galicia] (in German), Vienna, Austria: K.U.K. Hof und Universitäts Buchhändler, p. 66
- ^ K. K. Statistischen Central-Commission, ed. (1886), Orts-Repertorien der im Oesterreichischen Reichsrathe Vertretenen Königreiche und Lander [Place directory of the kingdoms and lands represented in the Austrian Reich Council], XII. Galicia (in German), K. K. Statistischen Central-Commission, p. 52
- ^ K.K. Statistischen Central-Commission, ed. (1874), Orts-Repertorium des Königreiches Galizien und Lodomerien mit dem Grossherzogthume Krakan [Place Directory of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomerien with the Grand Duchy of Kraków], Vienna, Austria: Carl Gerold's son, p. 27
- ^ "Kaplica przydrożna - Ruda Kameralna" [Roadside Chapels - Ruda Kameralna] (in Polish). Retrieved 5 September 2017.
- ^ Kolodziejski, Jan (2012). "Zmarli w tarnowskim więzieniu podczas II wojny światowej" [Deaths in Tarnów prison during World War II]. Retrieved 6 September 2017.