Raffaele Rossi, OCD, born Carlo Rossi, (28 October 1876 – 17 September 1948), was an Italian Discalced Carmelite and cardinal.[1] Rossi served in the Sacred Consistorial Congregation in the Roman Curia from 1930 until his death and as a friar had the religious name "Raffaele of Saint Joseph". Pope Pius XI elevated him into the cardinalate in 1930.[2] His cause of beatification began three decades after his death and he is known as a Servant of God.[1]


Raffaele Rossi

Secretary of the Sacred Consistorial Congregation
ChurchRoman Catholic Church
Appointed4 July 1930
Term ended17 September 1948
PredecessorCarlo Perosi
SuccessorAdeodato Giovanni Piazza
Other post(s)
Previous post(s)
Orders
Ordination21 December 1901
by Ferdinando dei Conti Capponi
Consecration25 May 1920
by Gaetano de Lai
Created cardinal30 June 1930
by Pope Pius XI
RankCardinal-Priest
Personal details
Born
Carlo Rossi

(1876-10-28)28 October 1876
Died17 September 1948(1948-09-17) (aged 71)
Crespano del Grappa, Treviso, Italy
MottoJustitia in Carmelo ("Justice in Carmel")
Sainthood
Venerated inRoman Catholic Church
Title as SaintServant of God
Attributes
  • Cardinal's attire
  • Carmelite habit
Styles of
Raffaele Rossi
Reference styleHis Eminence
Spoken styleYour Eminence
Informal styleCardinal
SeeNone
Ordination history of
Raffaele Rossi
History
Priestly ordination
Ordained byFerdinando dei Conti Capponi
Date21 December 1901
PlacePisa, Kingdom of Italy
Episcopal consecration
Principal consecratorGaetano de Lai
Co-consecratorsRinaldo Camillo Rousset & Pio Marcello Bagnoli
Date25 May 1920
PlaceSanta Teresa al Corso, Rome, Kingdom of Italy
Cardinalate
Elevated byPope Pius XI
Date30 June 1930
Episcopal succession
Bishops consecrated by Raffaele Rossi as principal consecrator
Giuseppe Marcozi8 December 1926
Giuseppe Rossino19 April 1931
Francesco de Filippis26 July 1931
Amleto Giovanni Cicognani23 April 1933
Antonio Giordani30 July 1933
Moses Elias Kiley17 March 1934
Carlo de Ferrari, C.S.S.12 January 1936
Teodosio Clemente de Gouveia5 July 1936
Michal Buzalka15 May 1938
William Godfrey21 December 1938
Guido Luigi Bentivoglio, O. Cist.24 August 1939
Giuseppe Di Donna, O.SS.T.31 March 1940
Marco Giovanni Della Pietra, O.F.M.12 May 1940
Francesco Pieri26 January 1941
Carlo Baldini, O.M.D.12 October 1941
Emilio Baroncelli14 February 1943
Antonio Lanza29 June 1943
Carlo Alberto Ferrero di Cavallerleone30 November 1944
Gilla Vincenzo Gremigni, M.S.C.11 February 1945
Giuseppe D'Avack10 March 1946
Martin-Marie-Stanislas Gillet, O.P.17 November 1946
Gabriel Paulino Bueno Couto, O. Carm.15 December 1946
John Anthony Kyne29 June 1947

Rossi served as an investigator into the stigmata of Pio of Pietrelcina at the behest of Pope Benedict XV and reported back to him with a favourable view on the Capuchin. He viewed the stigmata and spoke with the friar while noting that he was "sincere" and concluding that there was no fraud or deceit on the friar's part.[2][1]

Life

edit

Education and priesthood

edit

Carlo Rossi was born in Pisa in 1876 to Francesco Rossi and Maria Palmidessi. His parents were descended from noble families.[1]

Rossi felt called in 1891 to enter the religious life despite the opposition of his father who instead enrolled Rossi for a philosophical course at the college in Pisa where one of his mentors was Giuseppe Toniolo.[2]

Rossi entered the Discalced Carmelites on 3 October 1887 and later made his first vows on 19 December 1899. His solemn vows were made on 20 September 1901. Rossi was ordained to the priesthood on 21 December 1901 in Pisa after he completed his ecclesial studies at the Carmelite International College and at the Carmelite Scholasticate in Rome. He then taught at Carmelite houses from 1902 until 1920 after having studied at the Pontifical Gregorian for further studies. One of his lecturers at the Gregorian was Cardinal Louis Billot and he made friends with Father Eugenio Pacelli - future pope.[2][1] Rossi also served at some stage at the order's house of San Paolino in Florence.

Consecration

edit

On 22 April 1920 he was appointed as the Bishop of Volterra and he received his episcopal consecration a month later from Cardinal Gaetano de Lai with Archbishop Rinaldo Rousset and Bishop Pio Bagnoli serving as the co-consecrators. It was celebrated in the church of Santa Teresa al Corso d'Italia. He selected Charles Borromeo as his model for his episcopate.

Padre Pio investigation

edit

In 1921 he received a letter from Rome that commissioned him to conduct an investigation into the Franciscan friar Padre Pio and his stigmata. Rossi did not wish this task and sent a letter to Cardinal del Val asking to be relieved from such a serious investigation but was required to accept the position in response.[2] Rossi travelled to Rome from his diocese to examine the documents on the friar while assessing the accusations and praise before leaving for the Franciscan convent at San Giovanni Rotondo that June with a degree of initial scepticism. He met with Padre Pio to discuss the allegations and reported that the friar seemed "simple and even nice" while being allowed to view the stigmata for himself. He observed Pio's routine and noted his activities while later speaking with the other friars to learn that Pio converted people from Judaism and Protestantism and converted hardened hearts from all across Europe.[2] Rossi's investigation was positive and concluded that Pio was a "practiced practitioner of virtue" and noted that the friar did not practice deceit or fraud while noting that Pio did not inflict the wounds upon himself nor did an external source cause it. Rossi noted that "there are stigmata. We have before us a fact" and included that in his report to the pope while also stating that "Padre Pio was a saint who performed miracles" according to the people who came across him.

Episcopate and cardinalate

edit

The pope named him as an Assistant at the Pontifical Throne on 11 March 1930.[1] Before being promoted as the Titular Archbishop of Thessalonica on 20 December 1923 he was named as an assessor of the Sacred Consistorial Congregation. Pope Pius XI created him as the Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prassede on 30 June 1930 in advance of Rossi's appointment as the head of the Sacred Consistorial Congregation a month after. He received his red hat and title in the week following his elevation.[2] In his position Rossi was the head of that congregation as the pope held the title of Prefect in its traditional sense. He was also one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 1939 papal conclave that selected Pope Pius XII. Rossi attempted to eschew much of the trappings of the cardinalate and attempted also to keep the ascetic life of a Discalced Carmelites and was held in high esteem by both his colleagues and the pope himself. Rossi later became the Superior General for the Scalabrini Fathers and became quite close to them in his work with them.

Death

edit

His health began to decline at the start of 1947 and the papal doctor advised total rest.[2]

Rossi died in Crespano del Grappa during the night on 17 September 1948 and was buried at the Santa Teresa al Corso d'Italia church. He was discovered dead in his bed (a slight smile on his face) with three books at his side: one was the Bible and another was The Imitation of Christ. He had moved to Crespano del Grappa the month prior due to failing health and resided with the Scalabrini Fathers.[2] Pope Pius XII said that Rossi's contribution to the Church was great and would be recognized in the future. The pope also referred to Rossi as "almost their second father" in relation to the Scalabrini Fathers due to his great closeness and extensive work with them.[1]

Beatification process

edit

His beatication process commenced on 23 April 1976 under Pope Paul VI and Rossi was titled as a Servant of God. The diocesan process for the investigation was held in Rome and closed in 1979 before the Congregation for the Causes of Saints confirmed on 29 March 1985 that the process was valid. The Positio was submitted to the congregation in 1989 for further evaluation and underwent theological approval on 23 February 1996. One miracle attributed to him was investigated in the Lucca diocese (it came from Capannori) from 1983 to 1984 and the process received validation on 6 May 1988.

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Salvador Miranda. "Consistory of June 30, 1930 (XIII)". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Servo di Dio Raffaele Carlo Rossi". Santi e Beati. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
edit
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
Emanuele Mignone
Bishop of Volterra
22 April 1920 – 1 June 1923
Succeeded by
Dante Munerati
Preceded by Titular Archbishop of Thessalonica
20 December 1923 – 30 June 1930
Succeeded by
Giuseppe Rossino
Preceded by Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prassede
3 July 1930 – 17 September 1948
Succeeded by
Preceded by Secretary of the Sacred Consistorial Congregation
4 July 1930 – 17 September 1948
Succeeded by