Potency (pharmacology)

In pharmacology, potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, alprazolam, risperidone, ) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (meperidine, ziprasidone, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness or more side effects.

Concentration-response curves illustrating the concept of potency. For a response of 0.25a.u., Drug B is more potent, as it generates this response at a lower concentration. For a response of 0.75a.u., Drug A is more potent. a.u. refers to "arbitrary units".

For other uses, see Potency (disambiguation).

The IUPHAR has stated that 'potency' is "an imprecise term that should always be further defined", and lists of types of potnecy as follows:

Type of potency	Symbol	Definition
Effective dose	${\ce {ED_{50}}}$	It is the minimum dose or concentration of a drug that produces a biological response in 50% of a population being studied.
Median lethal dose	${\ce {LD_{50}}}$	For either drugs or toxins, it is a toxic unit that measures the minimum dose that causes death (lethal dose) in 50% of cases.
Median toxic dose	${\ce {TD_{50}}}$	It is the minimum dose at which toxicity occurs in 50% of cases.
Half maximal effective concentration	${\ce {EC_{50}}}$	It is a measure of the concentration of a drug, antibody or toxicant which induces a biological response halfway between the baseline and maximum after a specified exposure time.
Half maximal inhibitory concentration	${\ce {IC_{50}}}$	It is a measure of the potency of a substance in inhibiting a specific biological or biochemical function.

See also

• Reaction inhibitor § Potency

Further reading

• Harris, Robert (2012-10-09). "Formulating High Potency Drugs". Contract Pharma. Retrieved 2013-11-13.
• Walker MG, Page CP, Hoffman BF, Curtis M (2006). Integrated Pharmacology (3rd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-0-323-04080-8.

https://www.addictioncenter.com/news/2019/08/15-most-dangerous-drugs/ https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/commonly-used-drugs-charts#top