Nickel silicide

NiSi₂
Identifiers
CAS Number	12201-89-7;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
PubChem CID	138395195;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID401014290;
	InChI InChI=1S/Ni.2Si Key: MGTLYUZSHHQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES [Ni].[Si].[Si];
Properties
Chemical formula	NiSi2
Molar mass	114.864 g/mol
Density	7.83 g/cm3
Melting point	993 °C (1,819 °F; 1,266 K)
Structure
Crystal structure	Cubic, cF12
Space group	Fm3m, No. 225
Lattice constant	a = 0.5406 nm
Formula units (Z)	4
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

NiSi
Identifiers
CAS Number	12035-57-3;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	8351596;
PubChem CID	10176091;
	InChI InChI=1S/Ni.Si Key: PEUPIGGLJVUNEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES [Si].[Ni];
Properties
Chemical formula	NiSi
Molar mass	86.778 g/mol
Structure
Crystal structure	Orthorphomic, oP8
Space group	Pnma, No. 62
Lattice constant	a = 0.519 nm, b = 0.333 nm, c = 0.5628 nm
Formula units (Z)	4
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Ni₂Si
Identifiers
CAS Number	12059-14-2;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	21241520;
EC Number	235-033-1;
PubChem CID	14767304;
	InChI InChI=1S/2Ni.Si Key: RUFLMLWJRZAWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES [Si](=[Ni])=[Ni];
Properties
Chemical formula	Ni2Si
Molar mass	145.473 g/mol
Density	7.40 g/cm3
Melting point	1,255 °C (2,291 °F; 1,528 K)
Structure
Crystal structure	Orthorhombic, oP12
Space group	Pnma, No. 62
Lattice constant	a = 0.502 nm, b = 0.374 nm, c = 0.708 nm
Formula units (Z)	4
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Nickel silicides include several intermetallic compounds of nickel and silicon. Nickel silicides are important in microelectronics as they form at junctions of nickel and silicon. Additionally thin layers of nickel silicides may have application in imparting surface resistance to nickel alloys.

Compounds edit

Nickel silicides include Ni₃Si, Ni₃₁Si₁₂, Ni₂Si, Ni₃Si₂, NiSi and NiSi₂.^[5] Ni₃₁Si₁₂, Ni₂Si, and NiSi have congruent melting points; the others form via a peritectic transformation.^{[citation needed]} The silicides can be made via fusion or solid state reaction between the elements, diffusion at a junction of the two elements, and other methods including ion beam mixing.^{[citation needed]}

Properties edit

Nickel silicides are generally chemically and thermally stable.^{[citation needed]} They have low electrical resistivity; with NiSi 10.5–18 μΩ·cm, Ni₂Si 24–30 μΩ·cm, NiSi₂ 34–50 μΩ·cm; nickel-rich silicides have higher resistivity rising to 90–150 μΩ·cm in Ni₃₁Si₁₂.^{[citation needed]}

Uses edit

Microelectronics edit

Nickel silicides are important in microelectronic devices – specific silicides are good conductors, with NiSi having a conductivity approaching that of elemental nickel.^{[citation needed]} With silicon carbide as the semiconductor nickel reacts at elevated temperatures to form nickel silicides and carbon.^{[citation needed]}

Other edit

Nickel silicides have potential as coatings for nickel-based superalloys and stainless steel, due to their corrosion, oxidation, and wear resistance.^{[citation needed]} NiSi has been investigated as a hydrogenation catalyst for unsaturated hydrocarbons.^[6] Nickel silicide nanoparticles supported on silica support have been suggested as an alternative catalyst to widely used pyrophoric Raney nickel.^[7]

References edit

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). CRC Press. p. 4.77. ISBN 978-1439855119.
^ El Boragy M., Rajasekharan T.P., Schubert K. (1982). Z. Metallkd., 73, 193–197
^ Wopersnow W., Schubert K. (1976) Z. Metallkd., 67, 807–810
^ Beck, U.; Neumann, H.-G.; Becherer, G. (1973). "Phasenbildung in Ni/Si-Schichten". Kristall und Technik. 8 (10): 1125–1129. doi:10.1002/crat.19730081005.
^ Dahal, Ashutosh; Gunasekera, Jagath; Harringer, Leland; Singh, Deepak K.; Singh, David J. (July 2016), "Metallic nickel silicides: Experiments and theory for NiSi and first principles calculations for other phases", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 672: 110–116, arXiv:1602.05840, doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.02.133, S2CID 55434466
^ Itahara, Hiroshi; Simanullang, Wiyanti F.; Takahashi, Naoko; Kosaka, Satoru; Furukawa, Shinya (2019), "Na-Melt Synthesis of Fine Ni₃Si Powders as a Hydrogenation Catalyst", Inorganic Chemistry, 58 (9): 5406–5409, doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00521, PMID 30983337, S2CID 115204460
^ P. Ryabchuk, G. Agostini, M.-M. Pohl, H. Lund, A. Agapova, H. Junge, K. Junge and M. Beller, Sci. Adv., 2018, 4, eaat0761 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat0761