Maianthemum stellatum (star-flowered, starry, or little false Solomon's seal, or simply false Solomon's seal; star-flowered lily-of-the-valley[3] or starry false lily of the valley;[4] syn. Smilacina stellata) is a species of flowering plant, native across North America. It has been found in northern Mexico, every Canadian province and territory except Nunavut, and every US state except Hawaii and the states of the Southeast.[5] It has little white buds in the spring, followed by delicate starry flowers, then green-and-black striped berries, and finally deep red berries in the fall.[6]
| Maianthemum stellatum | |
|---|---|
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| M. stellatum in the Wenatchee National Forest, Washington, U.S.A. | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Subfamily: | Nolinoideae |
| Genus: | Maianthemum |
| Species: | M. stellatum
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| Binomial name | |
| Maianthemum stellatum | |
| Synonyms[1][2] | |
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Synonymy
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Description edit
Maianthemum stellatum is a herbaceous perennial plant[7] It grows from extensively branching rhizomes, often forming dense patches. Plants are 2-6 dm tall with 8-11 leaves.[4]
Leaves edit
Leaves can be variable but are usually clasping and often blue-green and folded along the mid-rib.
Flowering clusters edit
Flowers are set in an un-branched cluster (raceme) at the tip of the flowering stem. Racemes are 1.5–5 cm long and 6–15-flowered. Flowers are set at one per node along the flowering stem, on stalks (pedicles) 6–12 mm long.[4]
Flowers and fruits edit
Tepals are white and 3–5 mm long.[7] Green berries have distinctive dark stripes, eventually ripening to black.[4]
Distribution edit
Native across North America generally from Alaska to California to North Carolina to Newfoundland, plus northern Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León).[8][9] It has been found in every Canadian province and territory except Nunavut, and from every US state except Hawaii and the states of the Southeast.[5]
Habitat and ecology edit
Found in open woods, prairies and shorelines.[7]
Similar species edit
Maianthemum stellatum is smaller than its close relative M. racemosum. For comparison, M. stellatum has smaller, more open inflorescences that are un-branched and have fewer flowers, flowers with stamens shorter rather than longer than the tepals, and usually somewhat narrower and more curved leaves. Both species show the characteristic zigzag of the stem between the alternate leaves.[10][11] True Solomon's seal (Polygonatum multiflorum and related species) have a similar overall appearance,[12] but the flowers hang from the stem underneath the leaves, rather than forming a terminal cluster.
Gallery edit
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Flowers -
Green berries with dark stripes -
Berries ripening -
rhizome and roots -
flowers and leaves
See also edit
- Maianthemum racemosum, false Solomon's seal
- Polygonatum biflorum, Solomon's seal
References edit
- ^ "Maianthemum stellatum". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.
- ^ "Maianthemum stellatum". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ a b c d USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Maianthemum stellatum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
- ^ a b "Maianthemum stellatum". State-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
- ^ LaFrankie, James V. (2002). "Maianthemum stellatum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2008-03-13 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ a b c Moss, E. (1983). Flora of Alberta (2nd Edition Revised by J.G. Packer ed.). University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-2508-0.
- ^ Tropicos, specimen list for Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link
- ^ Tropicos, specimen list for Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf.
- ^ Horn, Kathleen (1998). Sierra Nevada Wildflowers. Missoula, Montana: Mountain Press. pp. 96=97. ISBN 0-87842-388-5.
- ^ Laws, John Muir (2006). The Laws Field Guide to the Sierra Nevada (California Academy of Sciences). Berkeley, California: Heyday Books. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-59714-052-2.
- ^ Fagan, Damian (2019). Wildflowers of Oregon: A Field Guide to Over 400 Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Coast, Cascades, and High Desert. Guilford, CT: FalconGuides. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-4930-3633-2. OCLC 1073035766.
