This is a list of wars involving the Principality of Tver (1246–1485), centred around the city of Tver.[a]
- Victory of Tver (and allies)
- Defeat of Tver (and allies)
- Another result*
*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside the Principality of Tver, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.
| Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1281– c. 1291[5] |
Vladimir-Suzdal war of succession (1281–1293)
|
Dmitry of Pereslavl-Zalessky[7] | Andrey of Gorodets[7] | Mixed results
|
| 1293 | Dyuden's campaign[5]
|
Dmitry of Pereslavl[5] Mikhail of Tver[5] Daniel of Moscow[5] |
Golden Horde[5] Andrey of Gorodets[5] Theodore of Yaroslavl[5] |
Golden Horde victory[5]
|
| 1296, 1298 |
Struggle for Pereslavl-Zalessky
|
Ivan Dmitrievich of Pereslavl-Zalessky[9] Daniel of Moscow[9] Mikhail of Tver[9] |
Andrey of Gorodets[9] Theodore of Yaroslavl[9] Konstantin of Ryazan[9] |
Allied victory against Andrey[9] |
| 1304–1308 | Tverian–Muscovite war
Key events
|
Principality of Tver
|
Principality of Moscow
|
Tverian victory[15][12] |
| 1314–1316 | Struggle for Novgorod[16] | Principality of Tver Pro-Tver Novgorod |
Principality of Moscow Pro-Moscow Novgorod |
Muscovite victory[16] |
| 1317 | Battle of Bortenevo: Yury of Moscow campaign, supported by Özbeg Khan, against Mikhail of Tver[15] |
Principality of Tver | Principality of Moscow Golden Horde[15] |
Tverian victory[15][17] |
| 1320–1322 | Four Özbeg Khan punitive expeditions against Moscow[18] |
Golden Horde Principality of Tver |
Principality of Moscow Novgorod Republic |
Tverian victory[19]
|
| 1327 | Tver Uprising of 1327 |  Golden Horde Ivan I of MoscowAleksandr of Suzdal |
 Principality of Tver G. P. of Vladimir[b]
|
Golden Horde victory
|
| 1340s–1350s | Inter-princely wars between the Kashin, Mikulin, Kholm, and Zubtsov appanages of Tver[22] |
Principality of Kashin
other appanages |
Principality of Mikulin
other appanages |
Victory of Mikhail II of Tver, appanage prince of Mikulin[23] |
| 1359–1381/2 | Great Troubles
|
Mamai in Crimea
|
Khans at Sarai
|
Tokhtamysh victory
|
| 1436–1453 | Third period of the Muscovite War of Succession (overlapped with Vasily's Kazan war)
|
Younger Donskoy line Vasily II Vasilyevich
|
Older Donskoy line Dmitry II Shemyaka(1439; 1445–53)
|
Vasily victory |
| 1471 | Muscovite–Novgorodian war of 1471 | Principality of Moscow Principality of Tver Qasim Khanate Pskov Republic Vyatka Republic |
Novgorod Republic | Muscovite victory
|
| 1485 | Muscovite conquest of Tver | Principality of Tver | Principality of Moscow | Muscovite victory
|
See also
edit- Armies of the Rus' principalities
- List of wars involving Kievan Rus'
- List of wars and battles involving Galicia–Volhynia
- List of wars involving the Novgorod Republic
- List of wars involving the Principality of Moscow
- List of wars involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- List of wars and battles involving the Principality of Smolensk
Notes
edit- ^ Also spelt Tver',[1] (Russian: Тверь, romanized: Tver', Church Slavonic: Тферь, romanized: Tfer'). English adjective and demonym: Tverian[2] or Tverite.[3] In primary sources such as the Tver Chronicle and the Word of Praise for the Grand Prince Boris Aleksandrovich, it is also referred to as the "Grand Principality of Tver'" (Church Slavonic: великое княжение Тферское, romanized: velikoye kniazhenie Tferskoye) or the "Tverian Land" (Church Slavonic: Тферская земля, romanized: Tferskaia zemlia), which was supposedly an equal part of the larger "Rus' Land" (Church Slavonic: русская земля, romanized: russkaia zemlia), alongside the "Muscovite Land" (Church Slavonic: московская земля, romanized: moskovskaia zemlia) and other grand principalities in northeastern Rus'.[4]
- ^ The title 'Grand Prince of Vladimir' was mostly titular by the early 14th century.
References
edit- ^ Martin 2007, p. 186.
- ^ Martin 2007, p. 458.
- ^ Martin 2007, p. 196.
- ^ Halperin 2022, pp. 30–32.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Martin 2007, p. 191.
- ^ a b c d e Martin 2007, p. 190.
- ^ a b c d e f g Martin 2007, pp. 190–191.
- ^ a b Ostrowski 1993, p. 89.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Martin 2007, pp. 191–192.
- ^ Raffensperger & Ostrowski 2023, p. 138.
- ^ Raffensperger & Ostrowski 2023, p. 121.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Raffensperger & Ostrowski 2023, p. 139.
- ^ Raffensperger & Ostrowski 2023, pp. 138–139.
- ^ a b Martin 2007, pp. 193–194.
- ^ a b c d Martin 2007, p. 194.
- ^ a b Martin 2007, pp. 194, 202.
- ^ Halperin 1987, p. 71.
- ^ a b c d Martin 2007, pp. 195, 202–203.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 195, 202.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 195–196.
- ^ a b Halperin 1987, p. 72.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 210, 231–232.
- ^ Martin 2007, p. 232.
- ^ Halperin 1987, pp. 72–73.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 232, 235.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 283–284.
- ^ a b c Raffensperger & Ostrowski 2023, p. 202.
- ^ Martin 2007, p. 280.
- ^ Martin 2007, p. 281.
Bibliography
edit- Halperin, Charles J. (1987). Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History. Indiana University. p. 222. ISBN 9781850430575. (e-book).
- Halperin, Charles J. (2022). The Rise and Demise of the Myth of the Rus' Land (PDF). Leeds: Arc Humanities Press. p. 116. ISBN 9781802700565. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- Martin, Janet (2007). Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-36800-4.
- Ostrowski, Donald (1993). "Why did the Metropolitan Move from Kiev to Vladimir in the Thirteenth Century". Christianity and the Eastern Slavs. Volume I: Slavic Cultures in the Middle Ages. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 83–101. ISBN 9780520360198. Retrieved 16 May 2023. doi:10.1525/9780520313606-009
- Raffensperger, Christian; Ostrowski, Donald (2023). The Ruling Families of Rus: Clan, Family and Kingdom. London: Reaktion Books. p. 309. ISBN 978-1-78914-745-2. (e-book)