This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages)
|
This is a list of massacres that have occurred in the modern day areas of Ukraine.
Massacres until 1939
editName | Date | Location | Perpetrators | Deaths | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Siege of Kyiv[1] | November 28–December 6, 1240 | Kyiv | Mongol Empire | 48,000[2] | The Mongols under Batu Khan cross the frozen Dnieper River and lay siege to the city of Kiev. On December 6, the walls are rendered rubble by Chinese catapults and the Mongols pour into the city. Brutal hand-to-hand street fighting occurs, the Kievans are eventually forced to fall back to the central parts of the city. Many people take refuge in the Church of the Blessed Virgin. As scores of terrified Kievans climb onto the Church's upper balcony to shield themselves from Mongol arrows, their collective weight strain its infrastructure, causing the roof to collapse and crush countless citizens under its weight. Of a total population of 50,000, 48,000 are massacred.[1] |
Cossack riots (Tach Vetat) | 1648–1649 | Nationwide | Cossacks | 20,000–100,000 Jews | See Jewish casualties of Tach Vetat for discussion of various estimates of the number of murdered |
Batih massacre | June 3–4, 1652 | Batih | Cossacks | 3,500–8,000 Polish POWs | Also known as the "Sarmatian Katyń" |
Sack of Baturyn | November 2, 1708 | Baturyn | Russian Empire | ~7,000-15,000 Ukrainians | After the capture of the city, its entire civil population was massacred by Russian forces |
Executions of Cossacks in Lebedyn | 1708-1709 | Lebedyn | Russian Empire | 900 | Executions of pro-Swedish Cossacks who betrayed the oath of allegiance to the Russian Tsar |
Massacre of Uman | June 1768 | Uman | Ukrainian rebels | 2,000–33,000 Jews and Poles | Massacre of the Jews, Poles and Ukrainian Uniates by haidamaks |
Kiev pogrom (1881) | May 7, 1881 | Kyiv | Unknown | ||
Odessa pogrom (1905) | October 18 and 22, 1905 | Odesa | Ethnic Russian, Ukrainian, and Greek rioters | 400–1,000 Jews | |
Kiev pogrom (1905) | October 31–November 2, 1905 | Kyiv | Ethnic Russian, Ukrainian, etc. rioters | 100 Jews | |
Pogroms of the Russian Civil War | 1918–1923 | Ukraine and Southern Russia | AFSR, White movement (17-50% of killings)[3][4]: 45 [5] Green armies Red Army |
50,000–250,000 Jews | Including Jews who were massacred in Southern Russia |
Fastiv massacre | September 1919 | Fastiv | White Army | 1,000–1,500 Jews | |
Eichenfeld massacre | November 1919 | Eichenfeld, Katerynoslav | Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine | 136 Mennonites | |
Berdychiv massacre (1920) | 7 June 1920 | Berdychiv | 1st Cavalry Army | Hundreds of wounded Polish and Ukrainian soldiers, Red Cross workers and nuns. | Victims were burned alive in a hospital.[9] |
Vinnytsia massacre | 1937–1938 | Vinnytsia | Soviet Union | 9,432 Ukrainians and Poles | Part of the Great Purge. |
Massacres during World War II
editMassacres in the post-WWII period
editName | Date | Location | Perpetrators | Deaths | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kerch Polytechnic College massacre | October 17, 2018 | Kerch, Crimea | Vladislav Roslyakov | 21 | School shooting and nail-bomb attack |
Bucha massacre | March 2022 | Bucha, Kyiv Oblast | Russia | 73-178+ (UN)/ 458 (Ukraine) | Killing of Ukrainian civilians during the Russian occupation |
Olenivka prison massacre | 29 July 2022 | Molodizhne, Donetsk Oblast | Russia | 53–62 POWs | during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, a building housing Ukrainian prisoners of war in a Russian-operated prison in Molodizhne near Olenivka, Donetsk Oblast, was destroyed, killing 53 to 62 Ukrainian prisoners of war (POWs) and leaving 75 to 130 wounded.[11] |
Volnovakha massacre | 27 October 2023 | Volnovakha | Russia | 9 | including two children |
Other events
editThese events involving multiple deaths in Ukraine are not widely known, or recognised, as 'massacres'.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Perfecky, George (1973). The Hypatian Codex. Munich, Germany: Wilhelm Fink Publishing House. pp. 43–49.
- ^ Davison, Derek (6 December 2019). "Today in European history: the Mongols sack Kyiv (1240)". fx.substack.com. Retrieved 2020-07-30.
- ^ Budnitskii, Oleg (2012). Russian Jews Between the Reds and the Whites, 1917-1920. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-8122-0814-6.
- ^ Midlarsky, M.I. (2005). The Killing Trap: Genocide in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge University Press. pp. 44–51. ISBN 0-521-81545-2. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "YIVO | Russian Civil War". yivoencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
- ^ a b Budnitskii 2012, p. 217; Midlarsky 2005, p. 45.
- ^ "YIVO | Russian Civil War". yivoencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
- ^ "YIVO | Russian Civil War". yivoencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
- ^ Łukasz Zalesiński. "Lato z czerwonym terrorem". Polska Zbrojna (in Polish). Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ Zbrodnia katyńska (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. 2020. p. 16. ISBN 978-83-8098-825-5.
- ^ "2 years after Ukrainian POW deaths, survivors and leaked UN analysis point to Russia as the culprit". Associated Press. 2024-07-25. Retrieved 2024-07-26.