List of ancient Greek tyrants

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This is a list of tyrants from Ancient Greece.

Abydus edit

Daphnis, c. 500 BC under Darius I (pro persian)^[1]
Philiscus, c. 368-360 BC (assassinated)
Iphiades, 360-? BC^[2]

Agrigentum (Acragas) edit

Phalaris, 570-554 BC (overthrown and roasted)
Telemachus, after 554 BC
Alcamenes, 6th/5th century BC^[3]
Alcandros (Alcander), 6th/5th century BC^[3]
Theron, 488-472 BC
Thrasydaeus, 472 BC (expelled and executed)
Phintias, c. 288-279 BC
Sosistratus, 279-277 BC. Later tyrant in Syracuse^[4]

Alabanda edit

Aridolis, 480 BC (POW)
Amyntas, after 480 BC

Ambracia edit

Gorgus, son of Cypselus, fl. 628-600 BC
Periander, until 580 BC, son of Gorgus and grandson of Periander of Corinth
Archinus, 6th century BC ^[5]

Amastris edit

Amastris, until 284 BC
Eumenes, 284 until c. 270 BC (hands city over to Kingdom of Pontus)^[6]

Argos edit

Laphaes, 6th century BC ^[7]
Pheidon, around 550 BC
Perilaus, c. 546 BC
Archinus, c. 395 BC
Aristippus the Elder, after 272 BC
Aristomachos the Elder, before 250-240 BC (assassinated)
Aristippus, 240-235 BC (killed in action)
Aristomachus the Younger, 235-229 BC (resigned), 224-223 BC (tortured and executed)

Assos & Atarneus edit

Eubulus, before 351 BC
Hermias, 351-342 BC

Astacus edit

Evarchus, c. 430-420 BC^[8]

Athens edit

Cylon, 632 BC (stoned)
Pisistratus, 561 BC, 559-556 BC and 546-528 BC
Hippias, 527-510 BC
Theramenes, Critias, and Charicles leading members of the Thirty Tyrants 404-403 BC
Lachares, 300-294 BC
Aristion, 88-86 BC (executed)

Byzantium edit

Ariston, c. 513 BC, pro persian, participated in the Scythian campaign of Darius I^[1]
Clearchus of Sparta, 411-409 BC, 404-401 BC

Cardia edit

Hecataeus, fl. 323 BC ^[9]

Camarina edit

Psaumis of Camarina, fl. c. 460 BC

Cassandreia edit

Apollodorus, 279-276 BC (executed)

Catane edit

Euarchus, 729 BC-?, founder of Catane^[10]
Deinomenes the Younger, fl. 470-465 BC
Mamercus of Catane, 345-338 BC

Chalcis (Euboea) edit

Tynnondas, c. 580 BC ^[11]
Antileon, 6th century BC
Mnesarchus, before 354 BC
Callias, c. 354-350 BC, c. 343-330 BC
Taurosthenes, c. 330 BC

Chersonese edit

Miltiades the Elder, 555-519 BC
Stesagoras, 519-516 BC (assassinated)
Miltiades, 516-510 BC, 496-492 BC

Chios edit

Strattis, fl. 513-480 BC

Cibyra edit

Moagetes, fl. 190 BC ^[12]

Corcyra edit

Lycophron (?), before 587 BC
Cleonymus, 303/02 BC

Corinth edit

Cypselus, 657-627 BC
Periander, 627-587 BC
Psammetich (Psammetichus, named after Psamtik I), 587-584 BC ^[13]
Timophanes, 364 BC (assassinated)
Alexander, 253-247 BC (poisoned?)
Nicaea, 247-245 BC (married)

Cos edit

Scythes, late 6th century BC
Cadmus, resigned 494 BC
Nicias of Cos, 1st century BC
Nicippus, 1st century (with Nicias)

Croton edit

Cylonius, c. 530 BC
Cleinias, c. 504-495 BC
Menedemus, until 295 BC (conquered and †)

Cumae edit

Aristodemus, c. 505-490 BC

Cyme edit

Aristagoras, fl. 513-493 BC

Cyprus edit

Nicocreon, 4th century BC

Cyrene edit

Ophellas, 312-308 BC
Lycopus, c. 163 BC
Nicocrates, c. 51 BC (assassinated)
Leander, c. 50 BC (arrested)

Cyzicus edit

Aristagoras, c. 513 BC ^[14]

Dardanos edit

Mania, killed by her son-in-law c. 399 BC

Elatea edit

Mnason, 4th century BC

Elea edit

Demylus, 5th century BC
Nearchus, c. 430 BC

Elis edit

Aristotimus, 272 BC (assassinated)

Ephesus edit

Athenagoras, 6th century BC
Pythagoras, 6th century BC
Pindarus, around 560 BC
Aristarchus, around 545-540 BC
Pasicles, 540-530 BC, killed when returning from a feast.
Aphinagorus, fl. 530 BC
Comas, fl. 530 BC
Phanes
Melancomas, around 500 BC
Hegesias, 4th century BC
Syrpax, until 334 BC (stoned)
Melancomas II, fl. 214 BC

Epidaurus edit

Procles, 640 BC

Eretria edit

Themison, fl. 366 BC
Plutarch, c. 355-350 BC (expelled)
Hipparchus, c. 345 BC
Automedon, c. 345 BC
Cleitarchus, 345-341 BC (expelled)

Gela edit

Cleander, 505-498 BC (assassinated)
Hippocrates, 498-491 BC
Gelon, 491-485 BC
Hieron I, 485-466 BC
Polyzalus, fl. c. 476 BC

Halicarnassus edit

Artemisia I of Caria, fl. 480 BC
Lygdamis II of Halicarnassus, fl. 469-444 BC

Heraclea Pontica edit

Clearchus, 365-353 BC (assassinated)
Satyrus, 353-? BC
Timotheus, 352-337 BC
Dionysius, 337-305 BC
Amastris, 305-284 BC (drowned by her sons)
Oxyathres, 305-284 BC
Clearchus, 305-284 BC

Hermione edit

Xenon, stepped down 229 BC

Himera edit

Terillus, early 5th century BC

Keryneia edit

Iseas, 275 BC (resigned)

Lampsacus edit

Hippoclus, c. 513 BC
Aeantides, fl. 515-510 BC
Astyanax, before 360 BC, assassinated

Larissa edit

Medius, fl. 395 BC

Leontini edit

Panaetius, c. 615/609 BC
Aenesidemus, 498-491 BC
Hicetas, c. 347-338 BC
Heracleides, fl. 278 BC

Lindos edit

Cleobulus, 6th century BC

Locri edit

Dionysius the Younger, 356-346 BC

Megalopolis edit

Aristodemus the Good, c. 262-252 BC (assassinated by the "philosopher tyrannicides" Ecdemus and Damophanes)
Lydiadas, c. 245-235 BC (joined the Achaean League)

Megara edit

Theagenes, c. 620-600 BC

Messana edit

Scythes, c. 494 BC
Cadmus, c. 494-490 BC
Anaxilas, c. 490-476 BC
Micythus, c. 476-467 BC (retired)
Leophron, c. 467-461 BC (popular revolt)
Hippon, c. 338 BC
Cios the Mamertine, c. 269 BC (POW)

Messene edit

Phyliades, before 336 BC (?)

Methymnae edit

Aristonicus, before 332 BC (tortured and executed)

Miletus edit

Amphitres, late 8th or 7th century BC
Thrasybulus, 7th century BC
Thoas, 6th century BC
Damasanor, 6th century BC
Histiaeus, 518-514 BC
Aristagoras, c. 513-499 BC (reintroduced democracy)
Timarchus, 3rd century BC

Mytilene edit

Melandrus, late 7th century BC
Myrsilus, late 7th century BC, (Alcaeus was against him)
Pittacus, fl. 600 BC (resigned after ten years)
Coes, c. 507-499 BC (stoned)

Naxos edit

Lygdamis, until c. 512 BC
Aristagoras, c. 502-499 BC

Orchomenus edit

Aristomelidas, Archaic period (?)
Nearchus, 234 BC (resigned)

Oreus edit

Philistides, c. 341 BC (expelled)
Menippus, c. 341 BC (expelled)

Parium edit

Herophantus, c. 513 BC

Pellene edit

Chaeron, after 336 BC

Pharsalus edit

Sisyphus, fl. 395 BC
Polydamas, until 370 BC

Pherae edit

Lycophron
Jason, before 370 BC (assassinated)
Polydorus, 370 BC (assassinated)
Polyphron, 370-369 BC (assassinated)
Alexander, 369-358 BC (assassinated)
Tisiphonus, 357-355/4 BC
Lycophron II, 355-352 BC (resigned)
Peitholaus, 355-352 and 349 BC (resigned, expelled)

Phlius edit

Leo, c. 540 BC
Cleonymus, before 229 BC (resigned)

Phocaea edit

Laodamas, c. 513 BC

Phocis edit

Aulis, fl. c. 520 BC
Phayllus, fl. 352 BC

Pisa edit

Damophon, before 7th century BC (?)
Pantaleon, fl. 660-644 BC
Damophon, fl. 588 BC
Pyrrhus, 6th century BC

Priene edit

Hieron of Priene, 300-297 BC

Proconnesus edit

Metrodorus, c. 513 BC

Rhegium edit

Anaxilas, 494-476 BC
Micythus, c. 476-467 BC (retired)
Leophron, c. 467-461 BC (popular revolt)
Dionysius the Younger, before 352 BC (expelled)
Calippus, 352/351 BC (assassinated)
Leptines II, after 351 BC
Decius Vibellius, 280-270 BC (conquered)

Samos edit

Demoteles, 7th century BC^[15]
Syloson, c. 538 BC
Polycrates, c. 538-522 BC
Maiandrius, c. 522 BC (reintroduced democracy)
Charilaus, c. 522 BC
Syloson, again c. 521 BC
Aeaces, around 513 BC, reinstalled after 494 BC
Theomestor, after 480 BC^[16]
Duris, c. 280 BC

Selinus edit

Theron, 6th/5th century BC
Pythagoras, 6th/5th century BC
Euryleon of Sparta, 6th/5th century BC (killed)

Sicyon edit

Orthagoras, from 676 BC
Myron the Elder, fl. 648 BC , former Olympian winning in chariot race^[17]
Myron the Younger?
Aristonymus,father of Cleisthenes
Isodemus^[18]
Cleisthenes, 600-560 BC
Aeschines, 560-556 BC removed by the Spartans
Euphron, 368-366 BC (assassinated)
Aristratus, fl. c. 340 BC
Epichares (?), fl. c. 330 BC
Cratesipolis, 314-308 BC (bribed)
Cleon, c. 300-280 BC (assassinated)
Euthydemus, c. 280-270 BC (expelled)
Timocleidas, c. 280-270 BC (expelled)
Abantidas, 264-252 BC (assassinated)
Paseas, 252-251 BC (assassinated)
Nicocles, 251 BC (expelled by Aratus of Sicyon)

Sigeum edit

Hegesistratus, fl. 510 BC^[19]

Sinope edit

Timesilaus, before 433 BC^[20]
Scydrothemis, 301-280 BC

Sparta edit

Machanidas, 210-207 BC (killed in action)
Nabis, 207-192 BC (assassinated by allies)
Chaeron, 180 BC

Sybaris edit

Telys, c. 510 BC

Syracuse edit

Gelon, 491-478 BC
Hieron I, 478-466 BC
Thrasybulus, 466-465 BC (expelled, democracy restored)
Dionysius the Elder, 405-367 BC
Dionysius II, the Younger, 367-357 BC
Apollocrates, 357 BC
Heracleides, 357 BC
Dion, 357-354 BC
Calippus, 354-352 BC
Hipparinus, 352-351 BC
Aretaeus, 352-350 BC
Nysaeos, 350-346 BC
Dionysius II, the Younger, (restored, 346-344 BC)
Timoleon, 345-337 BC
Agathocles, 320 BC (banished)
Acestorides, 320-319 BC
Agathocles, 317-289 BC
Hicetas, 289-279 BC
Thoenon, 279 BC ,See Siege of Syracuse (278 BC)
Sosistratus, 279-277 BC^[4]
Hieron II, 275-215 BC
Gelon II, c. 240-216 BC
Hieronymus, 215-214 BC
Adranodoros, 214-212 BC
Hippocrates, 213-212 BC
Epicydes, 213-212 BC

Tarentum edit

Aristophylidas, c. 516-492 BC^[21]

Tarsus edit

Lysias, before 67 BC ^[22]

Tauromenium edit

Andromachus, fl. 344 BC
Tyndarion, fl. 278 BC

Thasos edit

Symmachus, c. 520 BC ^[23]

Thebes edit

Leontiades, 382-379 BC (killed)
Archias, 382-379 BC (killed)

Zeleia edit

Nicagoras, 334 BC (conquered by Alexander the Great)^[24]

References edit

^ ^a ^b Herodotus, Histories,4.138
^ Aeneas Tacticus, 28.6–7,"Ἰφιάδης εἶναι Ἀβυδηνὸς κατὰ Ἑλλήσποντον καταλαμβάνων Πάριον ἄλλα τε περὶ τὴν ἀνάβασιν νυκτὸς ἐπὶ τοῦ τείχους λάθρᾳ παρεσκευάσατο207 καὶ ἁμάξας πληρώσας φρυγάνων καὶ βάτων παρέπεμψεν πρὸς τὸ τεῖχος, ἤδη τῶν πυλῶν κεκλεισμένων, ὡς τῶν Παριανῶν οὔσας τὰς ἁμάξας, αἵτινες208 ἐλθοῦσαι πρὸς τὰς πύλας ηὐλίζοντο, ὡς φοβούμεναι πολεμίους. 7 ἃς ἔδει ἐν καιρῷ τινι ὑφαφθῆναι, ἵνα αἱ πύλαι ἐμπρησθῶσι καὶ πρὸς τὸ σβεννύειν τῶν Παριανῶν ὁρμησάντων αὐτὸς κατὰ ἄλλον τόπον εἰσέλθῃ."
^ ^a ^b Heraclides Lembus, Excerpta Politiarum, 69."Ἀκραγαντίνων: […] μεθ’ ὃν Ἀλκαμένης παρέλαβε τὰ πράγματα, καὶ μετὰ τοῦτον Ἄλκανδρος προέστη, ἀνὴρ ἐπιεικής. καὶ εὐθένησαν οὕτως ὡς περιπόρφυρα ἔχειν ἱμάτια." (Constitution of the Acragantines. […] After him [i.e. Phalaris] Alcamenes seized the power, and after him, Alcander, a righteous man, governed. And they flourished to such an extent that they had himations fringed with purple”.) (DILTS 1971)
^ ^a ^b Diod.22.7.2,Polyaen.5.37.1
^ Aristotle, Constitution of Athens,17.4
^ Memnon of Heraclea,Chapter 9
^ Pausanias,2.21.8
^ Thucydides in Book II of his History of the Peloponnesian War
^ Hecataetus entry
^ Thucydides
^ Plutarch, Solon,14.4
^ Strabo,13.4
^ Aristophanes, Politica. v. 12. 1315 b 26; Nicolaus Damascenus, fr. 60, Fragmenta historicorum Graecorum iii. 393
^ Herodotus,Histories,4.138
^ Plutarch, Greek Questions 57
^ Herodotus 8.85,Herodotus,9.90
^ Pausanias,6.19.1
^ Frontinus’ “Strategemata”.
^ Herodotus,5.94
^ Plutarch,Pericles, 20
^ Herodotus,3.136.2
^ Deipnosophistae,book 5,215
^ Polyaenus: Stratagems,BOOK 2,1.27
^ Athenaeus, Deipnosophists, §7.288

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