List of Atlantic tropical storms
In the North Atlantic Ocean, the classification tropical storm is used to refer to a tropical cyclone with 1-minute maximum sustained wind speeds from 39 mph (63 km/h) to 72 mph (117 km/h). Tropical cyclones that attain such winds and move over land while maintaining those winds are capable of causing minor to moderate damage to human lives and infrastructure. Since HURDAT began in 1851, there have been 553 tropical storms recorded,[nb 1][1] as well as 37 others not recognized by HURDAT, but recognized by the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) as possible tropical storms,[2] in the North Atlantic basin, which is denoted as the part of the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator. This list does not include tropical storms that later intensified into hurricanes.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Allison_2001-06-05_1715Z.jpg/220px-Allison_2001-06-05_1715Z.jpg)
The development of tropical storms in the North Atlantic basin is influenced by many factors. During the Northern Hemisphere winter and spring months of December to April, sea surface temperatures in the tropics are usually too low to support tropical cyclogenesis, and there are multiple high-pressure systems, such as the Azores High, that also inhibit tropical cyclogenesis. These effects are reduced or even disappear during hurricane season from May to November, when sea surface temperatures are also high enough to support tropical cyclogenesis; the bulk of recorded tropical storms developed during June to November. Global weather patterns may also influence hurricane development in the North Atlantic. El Niño events result in reduced numbers of powerful hurricanes through stronger wind shear and lower sea surface temperatures within the basin, while La Niña events increase the number of such hurricanes through the opposite.
Background
editSaffir–Simpson scale | ||||||
TD | TS | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
On the Saffir–Simpson scale, a tropical cyclone reaches tropical storm status when it attains maximum sustained winds of between 39 knots (45 mph; 72 km/h; 20 m/s) and 72 knots (83 mph; 133 km/h; 37 m/s).[3] The National Hurricane Center (NHC) defines sustained winds as the average wind speed measured over the period of one minute at the height of 10 metres (33 ft) above the ground.[4] Should a tropical storm make landfall, its strongest winds are not especially damaging, and are unlikely to cause damage to any sturdy structure, but can often make trees and their branches fall. A larger danger is a tropical storm's rainfall, which can cause major flooding, as in the case of Tropical Storm Allison, and a slow-moving system can cause severe loss of life.[3]
The North Atlantic tropical cyclone basin is defined as the region of the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator, while other boundaries are mainly established by land areas. The Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) for the North Atlantic basin is the NHC, which manages the warnings of tropical cyclones there.[5] On average from 1966 to 2009, eleven tropical cyclones form in one year, though the number can range from only four in 1983 to thirty in 2020.[6] All tropical cyclones recorded by past and present RSMCs of the North Atlantic basin since 1851 are listed in the North Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT), which is compiled and maintained by the National Hurricane Center.[1]
Climatology
editMonth | Number of storms |
---|---|
January | |
February | |
March | |
April | |
May | |
June | |
July | |
August | |
September | |
October | |
November | |
December |
Decade | Number of storms |
---|---|
1850s | |
1860s | |
1870s | |
1880s | |
1890s | |
1900s | |
1910s | |
1920s | |
1930s | |
1940s | |
1950s | |
1960s | |
1970s | |
1980s | |
1990s | |
2000s |
Hurricane season in the Atlantic Ocean begins on June 1 and ends on November 30. Storms that do not form in this time period are known as off-season storms.[7] Since 1851, a total of 553 tropical storms have developed in the North Atlantic Ocean. 20 have occurred in the off-season, 52 in June, 44 in July, 100 in August, 170 in September, 127 in October, and 40 in November.[1]
The formation and development of tropical cyclones, termed tropical cyclogenesis, requires high sea surface temperatures of at least 26.5 °C (79.7 °F) and low vertical wind shear. When these conditions are met, a pre-existing tropical disturbance – usually a tropical wave – can develop into a tropical cyclone, provided the disturbance is far enough from the Equator to experience a sufficiently strong Coriolis force which is responsible for the counterclockwise rotation of hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere.[8] Although most storms are found within tropical latitudes, occasionally storms will form further north and east from disturbances other than tropical waves such as cold fronts and upper-level lows. These are known as baroclinically induced tropical cyclones.[9] There is a strong correlation between Atlantic hurricane activity in the tropics and the presence of an El Niño or La Niña in the Pacific Ocean. El Niño events increase the wind shear over the Atlantic, producing a less-favorable environment for formation and decreasing tropical activity in the Atlantic basin. Conversely, La Niña causes an increase in activity due to a decrease in wind shear.[10]
Tropical storms can take a variety of different tracks across the Atlantic Ocean. As they are weaker, they do not require as high a sea surface temperature, and they are more likely to form in unusual areas, such as Tropical Storm Grace, the northernmost-forming tropical cyclone in the Atlantic;[11] Tropical Storm Christine, the easternmost-forming tropical cyclone in the Atlantic;[12] or Tropical Storm Delta, which hit Morocco as an extratropical cyclone, the first storm ever to do so.[13]
Systems
edit1850s
editName | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Three | July 10, 1851 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antilles | Unknown | Unknown | [14] |
Five | September 13 – 16, 1851 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [15] |
Six | October 16 – 19, 1851 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | New England | Unknown | Unknown | [16] |
One | August 5, 1853 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [17] |
Two | August 10, 1853 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antilies | Unknown | Unknown | [18] |
Five | September 21, 1853 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [19] |
Seven | September 28, 1853 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [20] |
Two | August 23, 1854 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [21] |
Five | October 20 – 22, 1854 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Bermuda | Unknown | Unknown | [22] |
Four | August 24 – 27, 1855 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Hispaniola | Unknown | Unknown | [23] |
Three | August 19 – 21, 1856 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Northeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [24] |
Four | August 21, 1856 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Cuba | Unknown | Unknown | [25] |
One | June 30 – July 1, 1857 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [26] |
Seven | October 16 – 18, 1859 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [27] |
1860s
editName | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Five | September 18 – 21, 1860 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [28] |
Six | October 6 – 9, 1861 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [29] |
Seven | October 7, 1861 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | North Carolina | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][30] |
One | June 15 – 17, 1862 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [31] |
Four | October 6, 1862 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antilles | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][32] |
Six | November 22 – 25, 1862 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Panama | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][33] |
Six | September 16 – 19, 1863 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | United States East Coast | Unknown | Unknown | [34][35] |
Seven | September 18 – 19, 1863 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [36] |
Eight | September 26 – 27, 1863 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [37] |
Nine | September 29 – 30, 1863 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | United States Gulf Coast | Unknown | Unknown | [38][39] |
Two | July 25, 1864 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [40] |
Four | September 5 – 8, 1864 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | Unknown | Unknown | [41] |
One | May 30, 1865 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [42] |
Two | June 30 – July 1, 1865 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Texas | Minimal | None | [1][43][44] |
Three | August 20 – 24, 1865 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | North Carolina | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][45] |
Five | September 7, 1865 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Louisiana | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][46] |
Seven | October 29 – 30, 1866 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | United States East Coast | Heavy | Unknown | [44][47] |
Five | September 8, 1867 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [48] |
Eight | October 9, 1867 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antilles | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][49] |
Two | October 1 – 8, 1868 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | United States Gulf Coast | $5 thousand | Unknown | [38][50] |
Four | September 1 – 2, 1869 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Bermuda | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][51] |
Eight | September 14, 1869 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [52] |
Nine | October 1, 1869 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [53] |
1870s
editName | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Three | September 1 – 2, 1870 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [54] |
One | June 1 – 5, 1871 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma | Unknown | 4 | [1][38][55] |
Two | June 8 – 10, 1871 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1007 hPa (mbar) | Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas | 1 | Unknown | [1][38][55] |
One | July 9 – 13, 1872 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee | 0 | Unknown | [1][38] |
One | June 1 – 2, 1873 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Unknown | Florida, Georgia | 0 | Unknown | [1][56] |
Four | September 22 – 24, 1873 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Florida | 0 | Minimal | [1] |
One | July 2 – 5, 1874 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Texas | Unknown | Severe | [1][55] |
Four | September 4 – 7, 1874 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Mexico, Texas | 1 | Unknown | [1][55] |
Five | September 8 – 11, 1874 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1] |
Four | September 24 – 28, 1875 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Louisiana, Alabama, Florida, Georgia | 0 | Unknown | [1][57] |
Three | September 16 – 18, 1876 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1] |
One | August 1 – 5, 1877 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Unknown | New Brunswick | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Five | September 24 – 29, 1877 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Bahamas | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Six | October 13 – 16, 1877 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1] |
Seven | October 24 – 28, 1877 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Florida | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Eight | November 28 – 29, 1877 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Bahamas, Atlantic Canada | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
One | July 1 – 3, 1878 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1008 hPa (mbar) | Florida, North Carolina | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Twelve | November 25 – December 2, 1878 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Unknown | Puerto Rico | 0 | Unknown | [1][58] |
Five | October 3 – 7, 1879 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Cuba, Louisiana | 0 | Unknown | [1][38] |
Six | October 9 – 16, 1879 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Leeward Islands, Cuba, Florida | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
1880s
editName | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
One | June 21 – 25, 1880 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Unknown | Louisiana, Texas | 0 | Unknown | [1][38][55][59] |
Eleven | October 20 – 23, 1880 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 991 hPa (mbar) | Atlantic Canada | 0 | None | [1] |
One | August 1 – 4, 1881 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Mississippi | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Two | August 11 – 14, 1881 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Unknown | Texas | 0 | Unknown | [1][55] |
Seven | September 18 – 22, 1881 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1] |
Three | September 14 – 16, 1882 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Louisiana, Texas | 0 | Unknown | [1][38][55] |
Four | September 21 – 24, 1882 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1005 hPa (mbar) | East Coast of the United States | Unknown | Unknown | [1][60] |
Four | October 22 – 24, 1883 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 983 hPa (mbar) | None | None | None | [1] |
Three | August 29 – 31, 1885 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Louisiana, Florida, South Carolina | 0 | Unknown | [1][38] |
Eight | October 10 – 13, 1885 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 988 hPa (mbar) | Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina | 0 | Unknown | [1][61] |
Eleven | October 10 – 15, 1886 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1] |
Twelve | October 21 – 26, 1886 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | ≤992 hPa (mbar) | Haiti | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
One | May 15 – 18, 1887 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | ≤997 hPa (mbar) | Newfoundland | 0 | None | [1][62] |
Two | May 17 – 21, 1887 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | ≤1002 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Bahamas | 0 | Unknown | [1][62] |
Three | June 12 – 14, 1887 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | Mississippi | "Some" | Unknown | [1][62] |
Five | July 30 – August 8, 1887 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (mbar) | Haiti, Cuba | 0 | Unknown | [1][62] |
Eleven | October 6 – 9, 1887 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Mexico | 0 | Unknown | [1][62] |
Twelve | October 8 – 9, 1887 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | ≤994 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas | 0 | Unknown | [1][62] |
Sixteen | October 29 – 31, 1887 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 993 hPa (mbar) | United States Gulf Coast, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | 2 | $7 thousand | [1][63][62] |
Nineteen | December 7 – 12, 1887 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Venezuela, Costa Rica | 0 | Unknown | [1][62] |
Two | July 4 – 6, 1888 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | ≤1008 hPa (mbar) | Texas | 0 | Unknown | [1][55][64] |
Five | September 6 – 11, 1888 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | Florida, East Coast of the United States | 0 | Unknown | [1][65] |
Eight | November 1 – 8, 1888 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1] |
Seven | September 12 – 19, 1889 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1] |
Eight | September 29 – October 6, 1889 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1] |
Nine | October 5 – 7, 1889 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | ≤1002 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Florida, Nova Scotia | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
1890s
editName | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
One | May 27 – 29, 1890 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Cuba | 4 | Millions | [1][66] |
Two | August 18 – 28, 1890 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Cayman Islands, Louisiana, Mississippi | 0 | Unknown | [1][38][66] |
Seven | October 4 – 8, 1891 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Florida | 2 | Unknown | [1][67] |
Eight | October 7 – 9, 1891 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | ≤1004 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Florida, Atlantic Canada | 0 | Unknown | [1][67] |
Ten | November 3 – 6, 1891 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1][67] |
One | June 9 – 16, 1892 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | ≤1005 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Florida, North Carolina | 16 | $1.5 million | [1][67][68] |
Four | September 8 – 13, 1892 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Louisiana, Mississippi | 0 | Unknown | [1][38] |
Six | September 25 – 27, 1892 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Mexico | 0 | Unknown | [1][67] |
Nine | October 21 – 29, 1892 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Unknown | Florida | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Eleven | October 20 – 23, 1893 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Cuba, Maryland | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Twelve | November 5 – 9, 1893 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Unknown | North Carolina | 0 | None | [1] |
One | June 6 – 9, 1894 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1][67] |
Two | August 5 – 9, 1894 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Alabama, Mississippi | 0 | Unknown | [1][67] |
One | August 14 – 17, 1895 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | ≤1009 hPa (mbar) | Alabama | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Three | September 28 – October 7, 1895 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | ≤989 hPa (mbar) | Yucatan Peninsula, Florida, Bahamas | 56 | Unknown | [1][69] |
Four | October 2 – 7, 1895 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Unknown | Yucatan Peninsula, Texas | 0 | Unknown | [1][55] |
Six | October 13 – 17, 1895 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Unknown | Florida | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Seven | November 27 – 29, 1896 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Trinidad, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Barbados, Montserrat | 75 | $49 thousand | [1][70][71] |
Three | September 20 – 25, 1897 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | ≤1003 hPa (mbar) | Florida, East Coast of the United States | 0 | Unknown | [1][61][67] |
Four | September 25 – 29, 1897 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | ≤1010 hPa (mbar) | Cuba | 0 | None | [1][67] |
Six | October 23 – 29, 1897 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | ≤993 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas, North Carolina, Virginia | 6 | Unknown | [1][61] |
Five | September 12 – 22, 1898 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Yucatan Peninsula, Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois | 0 | Unknown | [1][72] |
Six | September 20 – 28, 1898 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Nicaragua, Yucatan Peninsula, Texas | 0 | Unknown | [1][72][55] |
Eight | September 25 – 28, 1898 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1008 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Bahamas | 0 | Unknown | [1][72] |
Nine | October 2 – 14, 1898 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Unknown | Cuba, Florida, Georgia | 2 | Extensive | [1][72] |
Ten | October 21 – 23, 1898 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Unknown | Cuba, Bahamas | 0 | Unknown | [1][72] |
Eleven | October 27 – November 4, 1898 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Lesser Antilles, Yucatan Peninsula | 0 | Unknown | [1][72] |
One | June 26 – 27, 1899 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Unknown | Texas | 284 | $9 million | [1][55][73] |
Six | October 2 – 6, 1899 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Florida, Georgia, East Coast of the United States | 0 | Unknown | [1][73] |
Seven | October 10 – 14, 1899 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Unknown | None | None | None | [1][73][74] |
Eight | October 15 – 18, 1899 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Unknown | Bahamas | 0 | None | [1][73] |
Ten | November 7 – 10, 1899 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Unknown | Jamaica, Cuba | 4 | Unknown | [1][73] |
1900s
editName | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Four | September 11 – 15, 1900 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Yucatan Peninsula, United States Gulf Coast | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][75] |
Five | October 4 – 10, 1900 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Atlantic Canada | $100,000 | 1 | [76][77] |
Six | October 10 – 15, 1900 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][78] |
Seven | October 24 – 28, 1900 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Hispaniola, Cuba, Bahamas, Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][79] |
One | June 11 – 15, 1901 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | Cuba, Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][80] |
Two | June 30 – July 10, 1901 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Windward Islands, Hispaniola, Cuba, Texas | Unknown | 14 | [81][82] |
Five | August 18 – 22, 1901 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Barbados, Venezuela | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][83] |
Nine | September 12 – 17, 1901 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [84] |
Ten | September 21 – 28, 1901 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Cuba, Eastern United States, Atlantic Canada | Unknown | Unknown | [85] |
Eleven | October 5 – 10, 1901 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [86] |
Twelve | October 15 – 18, 1901 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Cuba, The Bahamas | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][87] |
One | June 12 – 16, 1902 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Cuba, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][88] |
Five | November 1 – 6, 1902 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [89] |
Five | September 19 – 26, 1903 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas | Unknown | Unknown | [90] |
Eight | October 5 – 10, 1903 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | United States East Coast | $10 million | 26 | [91] |
Nine | October 21 – 24, 1903 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, Newfoundland | Unknown | Unknown | [92] |
Five | October 19 – 23, 1904 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [93] |
Six | October 31 – November 4, 1904 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [94] |
One | September 6 – 8, 1905 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antiles | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][95] |
Two | September 11 – 16, 1905 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [96] |
Three | September 24 – 30, 1905 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Yucatan Peninsula, Louisiana, Arkansas | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][97] |
Five | October 5 – 10, 1905 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Louisiana, Mississippi | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][98] |
One | June 8 – 13, 1906 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [1][99] |
Three | August 22 – 25, 1906 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | None | None | None | [1][63][99] |
Seven | September 22 – October 1, 1906 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 994 hPa (mbar) | None | None | None | [1][100] |
Nine | October 14 – 17, 1906 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | Florida | 0 | None | [1][100] |
Ten | October 15 – 20, 1906 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][100] |
One | June 24 – 29, 1907 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Florida, Georgia | 0 | Unknown | [1][63] |
Two | September 18 – 22, 1907 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | Louisiana, Alabama | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Three | September 27 – 29, 1907 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (mbar) | Florida, Georgia, North Carolina | 0 | Unknown | [1] |
Four | October 17 – 19, 1907 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | None | None | None | [1][63] |
Five | November 6 – 12, 1907 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [1] |
Four | July 29 – August 3, 1908 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | United States Gulf Coast | 0 | Unknown | [1][101][102] |
Five | August 30 – September 2, 1908 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Unknown | North Carolina | 0 | None | [1][102] |
Seven | September 16 – 18, 1908 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [1][103] |
Ten | October 20 – 23, 1908 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | South Carolina | 0 | None | [1][103] |
1910's
editName | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
One | June 15 – 19, 1909 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | Central America | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][104] |
Three | June 26 – July 4, 1909 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, Florida, Georgia | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][105] |
Five | August 6 – 10, 1909 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][106] |
Seven | August 22 – 25, 1909 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Louisiana, Texas, Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][107] |
Eight | August 28 – 31, 1909 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, Florida, Georgia | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][108] |
Ten | September 24 – 29, 1909 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Cuba, Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][109] |
One | August 23 – 26, 1910 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | The Caribbean, United States East Coast | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][110] |
Two | August 26 – 31, 1910 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | Texas, Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][111] |
One | August 4 – 12, 1911 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][112] |
Five | September 15 – 20, 1911 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [113] |
Six | October 26 – 31, 1911 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, Cuba, Yucatan Peninsula, Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][114] |
One | June 7 – 17, 1912 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][115] |
Two | July 12 – 17, 1912 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][116] |
Three | September 2 – 6, 1912 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][117] |
Two | August 14 – 16, 1913 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [118] |
Three | August 26 – September 12, 1913 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [119] |
One | September 15 – 19, 1914 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, United States Gulf Coast | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][120] |
Five | September 19 – 22, 1915 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [121] |
One | May 13 – 16, 1916 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Cuba, United States East Coast | $150,000 | Unknown | [citation needed][122] |
Five | August 4 – 6, 1916 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico, Texas | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][123] |
Nine | September 4 – 7, 1916 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Georgia, North Carolina | Unknown | Unknown | [124][125] |
Twelve | October 2 – 5, 1916 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Georgia | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][126] |
Fifteen | November 11 – 15, 1916 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Honduras | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][127] |
One | July 6 – 14, 1917 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Honduras, Belize, Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][128] |
Two | August 6 – 10, 1917 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | Massachusetts, Atlantic Canada | Severe | 41 | [citation needed][129] |
Four | August 31 – September 6, 1918 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [130] |
Six | September 9 – 14, 1918 | 45 mph (75 km/h)} | Not Specified | Haiti | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][131] |
One | July 2 – 5, 1919 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | United States Gulf Coast | $150,000 | None | [132][133] |
Four | September 29 – October 2, 1919 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [citation needed][134] |
Five | November 10 - 15, 1919 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [citation needed][135] |
>1920's
editName | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Four | September 23 – 27, 1920 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1009 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Five | October 15 – 17, 1921 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 998 hPa (mbar) | Florida | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Seven | November 19 – 25, 1921 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas, Cuba | 0 | None | [1][63] |
One | June 12 – 16, 1922 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Mexico, Texas | 100+ | $2 million | [1][63][55] |
Five | October 12 – 17, 1922 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Alabama | 0 | Minimal | [1][63] |
One | June 22 – 28, 1923 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, East Coast of the United States | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Three | September 7 – 11, 1923 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (mbar) | Cape Verde | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Seven | October 15 – 19, 1923 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 987 hPa (mbar) | Massachusetts, New Hampshire | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Eight | October 16 – 18, 1923 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 992 hPa (mbar) | Louisiana, Mississippi | 4 | Unknown | [1][63][136] |
Nine | October 24 – 26, 1923 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1] |
One | June 18 – 21, 1924 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1005 hPa (mbar) | Belize, Mexico | 0 | None | [1][137] |
Two | July 28 – 30, 1924 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1] |
Six | September 20 – 22, 1924 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1005 hPa (mbar) | Cape Verde | 0 | None | [1] |
Seven | September 24 – October 3, 1924 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1007 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1] |
Eight | September 27 – 29, 1924 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | Honduras, Florida | 0 | None | [1][137] |
Nine | October 11 – 15, 1924 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | Mexico | 0 | None | [1][137] |
Two | August 25 – 27, 1925 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1009 hPa (mbar) | Florida, North Carolina | 0 | None | [1] |
Three | September 6 – 7, 1925 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Mexico, Texas | 0 | None | [1] |
Four | November 27 – December 1, 1925 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 995 hPa (mbar) | Honduras, Cuba, Florida | 73 | $3 million | [1][63] |
Six | September 11 – 17, 1926 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | Cuba, Bahamas, Florida | 0 | Minimal | [1][63] |
Nine | October 3 – 5, 1926 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1005 hPa (mbar) | Nicaragua, Belize, Guatemala | Unknown | Unknown | [1] |
Eleven | November 12 – 16, 1926 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1007 hPa (mbar) | Cuba | Unknown | Unknown | [1] |
Five | September 30 – October 4, 1927 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1008 hPa (mbar) | South Carolina, North Carolina | 0 | Very minor | [1][63][138] |
Six | October 16 – 19, 1927 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | Honduras, Cuba, Bahamas | 0 | Minor | [1][63][139] |
Seven | October 30 – November 3, 1927 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1011 hPa (mbar) | Cayman Islands, Cuba, Bahamas | 0 | Unknown | [1][63] |
Eight | November 19 – 21, 1927 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Three | September 1 – 8, 1928 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Unknown | Yucatán Peninsula, Tampico, Texas | Unknown | Unknown | [1][140] |
Five | September 8 – 10, 1928 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | ≤1015 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Three | September 25 – 27, 1929 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Four | October 15 – 19, 1929 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | ≤999 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63] |
1930s
editName | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Three | October 18 – 21, 1930 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 992 hPa (mbar) | Mexico | 0 | None | [1][63] |
One | June 24 – 28, 1931 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Mexico, Texas | 0 | None | [1][63][141] |
Two | July 11 – 17, 1931 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 996 hPa (mbar) | Mexico, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma | 0 | Unknown | [1][63][142] |
Three | August 10 – 19, 1931 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Windward Islands, Belize, Mexico | 0 | Unknown | [1][63] |
Four | August 16 – 21, 1931 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Unknown | Lesser Antilles, New Jersey | 1 | Unknown | [1][63][143] |
Five | September 1 – 4, 1931 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 992 hPa (mbar) | Lesser Antilles, Hispaniola | 30 | Unknown | [1][63][144] |
Nine | October 13 – 16, 1931 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1000 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Ten | October 18 – 20, 1931 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas, Cuba | 0 | Unknown | [1][63] |
Eleven | November 1 – 5, 1931 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1011 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63] |
Twelve | November 11 – 16, 1931 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | Nicaragua, Honduras, Belize, Mexico | 0 | Unknown | [1][63][145] |
Thirteen | November 22 – 25, 1931 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 998 hPa (mbar) | Lesser Antilles, Bahamas | 0 | Unknown | [1][63][146] |
One | May 5 – 11, 1932 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 995 hPa (mbar) | Hispaniola | 0 | None | [1][63][147] |
Five | September 4 – 7, 1932 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 992 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63][148] |
Six | September 9 – 15, 1932 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | Gulf Coast of the United States, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada | 0 | $10 thousand | [1][63][149] |
Seven | September 16 – 22, 1932 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (mbar) | Atlantic Canada | 0 | Unknown | [1][63][150] |
Eight | September 18 – 21, 1932 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 998 hPa (mbar) | Louisiana, Ohio River Valley | 0 | Unknown | [1][63][151] |
Ten | September 28 – 30, 1932 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63][152] |
Eleven | October 7 – 15, 1932 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 990 hPa (mbar) | Belize, Mexico, Southeastern United States, Ohio River Valley | 0 | $30 thousand | [1][63][153] |
Twelve | October 8 – 12, 1932 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 997 hPa (mbar) | Bermuda | 0 | None | [1][63][154] |
Thirteen | October 18 – 21, 1932 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [1][63][155] |
One | May 14 – 19, 1933 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (mbar) | Honduras, Mexico | 0 | None | [156] |
Three | July 14 – 27, 1933 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | Jamaica, Belize, Yucatán Peninsula, Texas | 0 | $1.5 million | [157] |
Four | July 24 – 27, 1933 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1008 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [158] |
Seven | August 14 – 21, 1933 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1007 hPa (mbar) | Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Cuba | 83 | $2.5 million | [159] |
Nine | August 23 – 31, 1933 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [160] |
Ten | August 26 – 30, 1933 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Mexico | 0 | None | [161] |
Sixteen | October 1 – 4, 1933 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1012 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas | 0 | None | [162] |
Nineteen | October 26 – 29, 1933 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 990 hPa (mbar) | Atlantic Canada | 0 | Unknown | [163] |
Twenty | November 15 – 17, 1933 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 996 hPa (mbar) | Nicaragua | 0 | Unknown | [164] |
Four | August 20 – 23, 1934 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | Leeward Islands | 0 | None | [165] |
Six | September 1 – 4, 1934 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1008 hPa (mbar) | North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland | 0 | Minor | [166] |
Eight | September 16 – 23, 1934 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1010 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [167] |
Nine | September 18 – 25, 1934 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [168] |
Eleven | October 4 – 6, 1934 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | Southeast United States | 0 | Minor | [169] |
Twelve | October 19 – 23, 1934 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1001 hPa (mbar) | Jamaica, Cuba, Bahamas | 0 | None | [170] |
One | May 15 – 19, 1935 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | Hispaniola | 0 | Minimal | [171] |
Four | August 30 – September 2, 1935 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (mbar) | Mexico | 0 | Minimal | [172] |
Eight | November 3 – 14, 1935 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1001 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [173] |
One | June 12 – 17, 1936 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 996 hPa (mbar) | Mexico, Florida, Bahamas | 3 indirect | Unknown | [174][175] |
Two | June 19 – 22, 1936 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (mbar) | Mexico | 0 | None | [175][176] |
Four | July 26 – 28, 1936 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (mbar) | Louisiana | 0 | Minor | [175][177] |
Six | August 4 – 9, 1936 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (mbar) | Nova Scotia | 0 | None | [175][178] |
Seven | August 7 – 12, 1936 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1008 hPa (mbar) | Louisiana, Mexico | 0 | Minor | [175][179] |
Nine | August 20 – 23, 1936 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas, United States Gulf Coast | 0 | Minimal | [175][180] |
Twelve | September 7 – 8, 1936 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1008 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [175][181] |
Fourteen | September 9 – 14, 1936 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 998 hPa (mbar) | Mexico, Texas | 0 | None | [175][182] |
Sixteen | October 9 – 11, 1936 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1006 hPa (mbar) | Mexico | 0 | Unknown | [175][183] |
Seventeen | December 2 – 7, 1936 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 996 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [175][184] |
One | July 29 – August 2, 1937 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 996 hPa (mbar) | Florida, North Carolina, Nova Scotia | 0 | Unknown | [185] |
Two | August 2 – 9, 1937 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1005 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas | 0 | None | [186] |
Three | August 24 – September 2, 1937 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 995 hPa (mbar) | Southeast United States | 18 | $62.5 million | [187][188] |
Five | September 10 – 12, 1937 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 988 hPa (mbar) | Nova Scotia | 0 | None | [189] |
Seven | September 16 – 21, 1937 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Florida | 2 | Unknown | [190] |
Nine | September 26 – 28, 1937 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1010 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [191] |
Ten | October 2 – 4, 1937 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Louisiana | 0 | Unknown | [192] |
Two | August 8 – 9, 1938 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1002 hPa (mbar) | Greater Antilles | 0 | None | [193] |
Five | September 9 – 14, 1938 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1009 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [194] |
Seven | October 10 – 17, 1938 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 996 hPa (mbar) | Belize, Mexico, Florida, Texas | 0 | Minimal | [195][196] |
Eight | October 16 – 21, 1938 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas, Atlantic Canada | 4 | $7 thousand | [197][198] |
Nine | November 6 – 10, 1938 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1000 hPa (mbar) | Bahamas, Florida, Cuba | 0 | $100 thousand | [199][200] |
One | June 12 – 18, 1939 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 999 hPa (mbar) | Mexico, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi | 1 | Minor | [201][202] |
Three | August 15 – 19, 1939 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1000 hPa (mbar) | None | 0 | None | [203][202] |
Four | September 23 – 27, 1939 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (mbar) | Louisiana | 0 | Minimal | [202][204] |
1940's
editName | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
One | May 19 – 24, 1940 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [205][206] |
Six | September 18 – 25, 1940 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Central America, Southern United States | $39,000 | 2 | [206][207] |
Nine | October 24 - 26, 1940 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [208] |
One | September 11 – 16, 1941 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Louisana, Texas | Minor | None | [209][210] |
Six | October 15 – 22, 1941 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | The Bahamas, Cuba, Florida | Unknown | 1 | [209][211] |
One | August 3 – 5, 1942 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | Belize, Mexico, Texas | Minor | None | [63][212] |
Five | September 15 – 23, 1942 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | Lesser Antilles, Belize, Guatemala | Unknown | None | [63][213] |
Six | September 18 – 21, 1942 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | Newfoundland | None | None | [63][214] |
Seven | September 27 – 29, 1942 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [63][215] |
Eight | October 1 – 4, 1942 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [216] |
Nine | October 10 – 11, 1942 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | North Carolina, Virginia | Unknown | 1 | [217] |
Ten | October 13 – 18, 1942 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | Cuba, Bahamas | Unknown | Unknown | [218] |
Two | August 13 – 19, 1943 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [219] |
Five | September 13 – 15, 1943 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | Bahamas, Atlantic Canada | Minor | None | [220][221] |
Seven | September 28 – October 1, 1943 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey | $20,000 | 1 | [222][223] |
Eight | October 1 – 3, 1943 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | Atlantic Canada | None | None | [63][224][223] |
Ten | October 20 – 26, 1943 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | Belize | None | None | [225] |
Two | July 24 – 27, 1944 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not specified | Windward Islands, Haiti | None | None | [226][227] |
Five | August 18 – 23, 1944 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | Mexico, Texas | Minimal | None | [228][229] |
Six | September 9 – 11, 1944 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Louisiana | $500[63] | Unknown | [63][230] |
Ten | September 30 – October 2, 1944 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [231] |
Eleven | September 30 – October 3, 1944 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | Barbados | None | None | [227][232] |
Fourteen | November 1 – 4, 1944 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [233] |
Two | July 19 – 22, 1945 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not specified | Texas, Louisiana | None | None | [234][235] |
Three | August 2 – 4, 1945 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | Greater Antilles | Unknown | Unknown | [236][237] |
Four | August 17 – 21, 1945 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | Greater Antilles | Unknown | Unknown | [238][239] |
Six | August 29 – September 1, 1945 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Belize, Nicaragua, Honduras | Minimal | None | [240][239] |
Seven | September 3 – 6, 1945 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not specified | United States Gulf Coast | Minimal | None | [241][239] |
Eight | September 9 – 12, 1945 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [242] |
One | June 13 – 16, 1946 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not specified | Texas, Louisiana | None | None | [243][244] |
Three | August 25 – 26, 1946 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not specified | Mexico | None | None | [245][244] |
Five | October 1 – 3, 1946 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | Azores | "Catastrophic"[63] | None | [246][63] |
Seven | October 31 – November 3, 1946 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | Florida | >$1 million[63] | None | [63][247][248] |
One[nb 2] | July 31 – August 2, 1947 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | Texas, Mexico | $2 million | None | [250][251] |
Five[nb 3] | September 7 – 9, 1947 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | United States Gulf Coast | Minimal | None | [63][252] |
Six[nb 4] | September 20 – 24, 1947 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | Cayman Islands, Cuba, Florida, Georgia | $100 thousand | None | [63][253][254] |
Seven[nb 5] | October 7 – 9, 1947 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | Florida, Georgia | $100 thousand | None | [255][256] |
Eight | October 8 – 11, 1947 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [257] |
One | May 22 – 29, 1948 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | Hispaniola, Bermuda | Unknown | 80 | [258][259] |
Two | July 7 – 11, 1948 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not specified | United States Gulf Coast | Minimal | None | [260][259] |
Four[nb 6] | August 30 – September 1, 1948 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | Minimal | None | [262][259] |
Seven | September 7 – 10, 1948 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [263][259] |
Three | August 30 – September 3, 1949 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | Lesser Antilles | Unknown | 7[264] | [265][266] |
Five | September 3 – 5, 1949 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | Louisiana, Mississippi | $50 thousand | None | [267][266] |
Six | September 5 – 12, 1949 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | None | None | None | [268] |
Seven | September 11 – 14, 1949 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | North Carolina, Virginia | Unknown | None | [269] |
Eight | September 13 – 17, 1949 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [270] |
Twelve | October 2 – 7, 1949 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [271] |
Fourteen | October 13 – 17, 1949 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [272] |
Fifteen | November 1 – 5, 1949 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [273] |
Sixteen | November 3 – 5, 1949 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Honduras, Nicaragua | None | None | [274][266] |
1950-2000
editRegular naming of Atlantic storms began in 1950.
Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
How | October 1 – 4, 1950 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | Texas, Mexico | None | None | [275][276] |
Twelve | October 17 – 24, 1950 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [277] |
Mike | October 25 – 28, 1950 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [278] |
Fifteen | October 27 – 29, 1950 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [279] |
Sixteen | November 10 – 12, 1950 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [280] |
One | January 4 – 9, 1951 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [281] |
Baker | August 2 – 5, 1951 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | None | None | None | [282][283] |
George | September 19 – 22, 1951 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Mexico | None | None | [284][283] |
Item | October 12 – 17, 1951 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Cuba | None | None | [285][283] |
One | February 3 – 4, 1952 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | Mexico, Cuba, United States East Coast | Minimal | None | [286][287] |
Three | August 27 – 28, 1952 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | The Carolinas | Unknown | None | [288] |
Five | September 8 – 11, 1952 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | Azores, Iberian Peninsula | Unknown | None | [289] |
Dog | September 24 – 30, 1952 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | None | None | None | [290][291] |
Eight | September 25 – 30, 1952 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | Cape Verde | None | None | [292] |
Eleven | November 26 – 30, 1952 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | None | None | None | [293] |
Alice | May 25 – June 7, 1953 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Central America, Cuba, Florida, Alabama | Minimal | None | [294][295] |
Two | July 11 – 15, 1953 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | Florida | None | None | [296] |
Five | August 29 – September 1, 1953 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Florida, Georgia | None | None | [297][298] |
Eight | September 15 – 21, 1953 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Florida | Minor | None | [299][300] |
Eleven | October 3 – 6, 1953 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not specified | Cuba, Bahamas, Atlantic Canada | Minor | 2 | [301][302] |
Thirteen | November 23 – 26, 1953 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | None | None | None | [303] |
Fourteen | December 7 – 9, 1953 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [304][nb 7] |
One | May 28 – 30, 1954 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | None | None | None | [305] |
Two | June 18 – 25, 1954 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | Florida, Nova Scotia | None | None | [306] |
Four | July 10 – 14, 1954 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [307] |
Barbara | July 27 – 30, 1954 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Louisiana, Texas | None | None | [308][309] |
Nine | September 6 – 7, 1954 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [310] |
Florence | September 10 – 12, 1954 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Mexico | $1.5 million | 5 | [311][309] |
Eleven | September 15 – 18, 1954 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [312] |
Gilda | September 24 – 30, 1954 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Honduras, Belize, Mexico | Unknown | 29 | [313][309] |
Fifteen | November 16 – 21, 1954 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | None | None | None | [314] |
Brenda | July 31 – August 3, 1955 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | Louisiana | Unknown | 2 | [315][316] |
Five | August 25 – 28, 1955 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Louisiana | Minor | None | [316][317] |
Eleven | September 23 – 28, 1955 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [318] |
Twelve | October 10 – 14, 1955 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [319] |
One | June 7 – 10, 1956 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [320] |
Two | June 12 – 15, 1956 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Louisiana, Mississippi | $50 thousand | 4 | [321][322] |
Carla | September 7 – 10, 1956 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [321][323] |
Dora | September 10 – 13, 1956 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Mexico | Minor | 27 | [321][324] |
Ethel | September 11 – 14, 1956 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | The Bahamas | None | None | [321][325] |
Nine | October 9 – 12, 1956 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [326] |
Ten | October 14 – 17, 1956 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Florida, Outer Banks | $3 million | 2 | [321][327] |
Twelve | November 19 – 21, 1956 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [328] |
One | June 8 – 10, 1957 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Florida, Georgia | $52 thousand | 5 | [329][330] |
Bertha | August 8 – 11, 1957 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas | $925 thousand | 2 | [331][330] |
Debbie | September 7 – 9, 1957 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Florida | Minor | 4 | [332][330] |
Esther | September 16 – 19, 1957 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Louisiana | $2.5 million | 3 | [333][330] |
Eight | October 23 – 27, 1957 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | None | None | None | [334] |
One | May 25 – 27, 1958 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Florida, Nova Scotia | None | None | [335][336] |
Alma | June 14 – 16, 1958 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not specified | Mexico, Texas | Unknown | 3 | [337][338] |
Becky | August 8 – 17, 1958 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Cape Verde | None | None | [339][338] |
Gerda | September 14 – 22, 1958 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Mexico, Texas | Unknown | 3 | [340][338] |
Twelve | October 15 – 17, 1958 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [341] |
Arlene | May 28 – June 2, 1959 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Southeastern United States | $500 thousand | 1 | [342][343] |
Beulah | June 15 – 19, 1959 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Mexico | None | None | [344][343] |
Six | August 2 – 3, 1959 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | Outer Banks | None | None | [345][346] |
Edith | August 18 – 19, 1959 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | None | None | [347][343] |
Eight | August 29 – September 4, 1959 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [348][346] |
Nine | September 9 – 11, 1959 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [349][346] |
Irene | October 6 – 9, 1959 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Florida, Alabama, Georgia | Unknown | None | [350][343] |
One | June 22 – 28, 1960 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois | $3.6 million | 18 | [351][352] |
Brenda | July 27 – 31, 1960 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | Florida, United States East Coast, Eastern Canada | $5 million | 1 | [353][352] |
Six | September 1 – 3, 1960 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [354][346] |
Florence | September 17 – 26, 1960 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, United States Gulf Coast | Minimal | None | [355][352] |
Six | September 12 – 15, 1961 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | The Bahamas, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | Minimal | None | [356][357] |
Gerda | October 17 – 20, 1961 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Jamaica, Cuba, The Bahamas, New England | Unknown | 7 | [358][359] |
Inga | November 4 – 8, 1961 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Mexico | None | None | [360][359] |
Twelve | November 17 – 21, 1961 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [361][362] |
One | June 30 – July 2, 1962 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | North Carolina | None | None | [363][362] |
Becky | August 27 – 31, 1962 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not specified | Cape Verde, Azores | None | None | [364][365] |
Celia | September 12 – 21, 1962 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None | [366][365] |
One | June 1 – 4, 1963 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | The Bahamas, North Carolina, Mid-Atlantic states | Unknown | None | [367][362] |
Cindy | September 16 – 20, 1963 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Louisiana, Texas | $12.5 million | 3 | [368][369] |
Helena | October 25 – 30, 1963 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | $500 thousand | 5 | [370][369] |
One | June 3 – 11, 1964 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Cuba, Southeastern United States | $1 million | None | [371][372] |
Two | July 23 – 26, 1964 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Atlantic Canada | Unknown | None | [373][362] |
Abby | August 5 – 8, 1964 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | United States Gulf Coast | $750 thousand | None | [374][372] |
Brenda | August 8 – 10, 1964 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Bermuda | $275 thousand | None | [375][372] |
Florence | September 5 – 10, 1964 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Cape Verde | None | None | [376][372] |
Thirteen | November 5 – 10, 1964 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Central America | $5 million | None | [377][372] |
One | June 13 – 15, 1965 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Southeastern United States | Minimal | None | [378][379] |
Four | September 7 – 9, 1965 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | None | None | None | [380][379] |
Debbie | September 24 – 30, 1965 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Mexico, United States Gulf Coast | $25 million | None | [381][379] |
Seven | October 2 – 3, 1965 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | None | None | None | [382][362] |
Nine | October 16 – 19, 1965 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | The Bahamas, Florida | $4.5 million | None | [383][384] |
Ten | November 29 – December 2, 1965 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | None | None | None | [385][362] |
Two | June 28 – July 2, 1966 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Cuba, Florida | $50 thousand | None | [386][387] |
Ella | July 22 – 28, 1966 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | None | None | None | [388][387] |
Greta | September 1 – 6, 1966 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | Minor | None | [389][390] |
Hallie | September 20 – 21, 1966 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Mexico | None | None | [391][387] |
Judith | September 27 – 30, 1966 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | None | None | [392][387] |
Kendra | October 3 – 9, 1966 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not specified | Cape Verde | None | None | [393][390] |
Fourteen | November 13 – 17, 1966 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Iceland | None | None | [394][390] |
Fifteen | November 22 – 26, 1966 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | None | None | None | [395][390] |
One | June 15 – 19, 1967 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | The Carolinas | $15 thousand | None | [396][397] |
Two | June 20 – 23, 1967 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | None | None | None | [398][390] |
Four | September 1 – 5, 1967 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [399][390] |
Eight | September 25 – October 1, 1967 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [400][390] |
Edith | September 26 – October 1, 1967 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | Minimal | None | [401][397] |
Ginger | October 5 – 8, 1967 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1011 hPa (29.85 inHg) | Senegal, Cape Verde | None | None | [402][397] |
Twelve | October 14 – 18, 1967 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Atlantic Canada | None | None | [403][390] |
Candy | June 22 – 25, 1968 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Midwestern states | $2.7 million | None | [404][405] |
Five | September 10 – 11, 1968 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | None | None | [406][390] |
Edna | September 13 – 17, 1968 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1012 hPa (29.88 inHg) | None | None | None | [407][405] |
Frances | September 23 – 29, 1968 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | None | None | None | [408][405] |
Anna | July 25 – August 4, 1969 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | None | None | [409][410] |
Eve | August 24 – 27, 1969 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | None | None | None | [411][410] |
Eleven | September 25 – 30, 1969 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [412][390] |
Jenny | October 1 – 5, 1969 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Cuba, Florida | None | None | [413][410] |
Sixteen | October 28 – 31, 1969 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [414][390] |
Becky | July 19 – 23, 1970 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Southeastern United States | $500 thousand | 1 | [415][416] |
Dorothy | August 18 – 22, 1970 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | $34 million | 51 | [417][416] |
Six | September 3 – 13, 1970 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | None | None | None | [418][390] |
Felice | September 12 – 18, 1970 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Florida, Louisiana, Texas | Minimal | None | [419][416] |
Nine | September 19 – 23, 1970 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not specified | None | None | None | [420][390] |
Greta | September 26 – October 4, 1970 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Florida, Mexico | Unknown | None | [421][416] |
Fourteen | November 28 – December 1, 1970 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | None | None | None | [422][390] |
Arlene | July 4 – 7, 1971 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | The Carolinas, Newfoundland | Minimal | None | [423][424] |
Chloe | August 18 – 25, 1971 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Belize | Minimal | None | [425][424] |
Doria | August 20 – 28, 1971 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) | United States East Coast, Canada | $148 million | 7 | [426][424] |
Heidi | September 11 – 15, 1971 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Northeastern United States | Minimal | None | [427][424] |
Janice | September 21 – 24, 1971 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Leeward Islands | None | None | [428][424] |
Kristy | October 18 – 21, 1971 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | None | None | None | [429][424] |
Laura | November 12 – 22, 1971 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Cayman Islands, Cuba, Central America | Minimal | 1 | [430][424] |
Carrie | August 29 – September 3, 1972 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | Northeastern United States | $1.78 million | 4 | [431][432] |
Christine | August 25 – September 4, 1973 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico | Minor | 1 | [433][12] |
Delia | September 1 – 7, 1973 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | Texas, Mexico | $6 million | 5 | [434][12] |
Gilda | October 16 – 27, 1973 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | Cuba, The Bahamas, Atlantic Canada | Unknown | 6 | [435][12] |
Alma | August 12 – 15, 1974 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela | $5 million | 51 | [436][437] |
Dolly | September 2 – 5, 1974 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | None | None | None | [438][437] |
Elaine | September 4 – 13, 1974 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | None | None | None | [439][437] |
Amy | June 27 – July 4, 1975 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) | United States East Coast | Minimal | 1 | [440][441] |
Hallie | October 24 – 27, 1975 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | United States East Coast | Minimal | None | [442][441] |
Anna | July 28 – August 1, 1976 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Azores | None | None | [443][444] |
Dottie | August 18 – 21, 1976 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | The Bahamas, Southeastern United States | Minor | 4 | [445][444] |
Frieda | October 16 – 19, 1977 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Cayman Islands, Belize | None | None | [446][447] |
Amelia | July 30 – August 1, 1978 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Texas | $110 million | 33 | [448][449] |
Bess | August 5 – 8, 1978 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Mexico | None | None | [450][449] |
Debra | August 26 – 29, 1978 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Southeastern United States | Minimal | 2 | [451][449] |
Hope | September 12 – 21, 1978 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | None | None | None | [452][449] |
Irma | October 2 – 5, 1978 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Azores | None | None | [453][449] |
Juliet | October 7 – 11, 1978 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Puerto Rico, Bermuda | None | None | [454][449] |
Ana | June 19 – 24, 1979 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | None | None | [455][456] |
Claudette | July 15 – 29, 1979 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Greater Antilles, West South Central states | $400 million | 2 | [457][456] |
Elena | August 30 – September 2, 1979 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Texas | $10 million | 5 | [458][456] |
Danielle | September 4 – 7, 1980 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Texas | $277,500 | 2 | [459][460] |
Hermine | September 20 – 26, 1980 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Central America, Mexico | Unknown | 38 | [461][460] |
Arlene | May 6 – 9, 1981 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Greater Antilles, The Bahamas | Minimal | None | [462][463] |
Bret | June 29 – July 1, 1981 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Virginia, North Carolina | Minimal | 1 | [464][465] |
Cindy | August 2 – 5, 1981 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [466][467] |
Jose | October 29 – November 1, 1981 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Azores | None | None | [468][469] |
Beryl | August 28 – September 6, 1982 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) | Cape Verde | $3 million | 3 | [470][471] |
Chris | September 9 – 12, 1982 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Southern United States | $2 million | None | [472][473] |
Ernesto | September 30 – October 2, 1982 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | None | None | None | [474][475] |
Dean | September 26 – 30, 1983 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | North Carolina, Virginia, Mid-Atlantic states | Minor | None | [476][477] |
Arthur | August 28 – September 5, 1984 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [478][479] |
Bertha | August 30 – September 4, 1984 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | None | None | None | [480][481] |
Cesar | August 31 – September 2, 1984 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | None | None | None | [482][483] |
Edouard | September 14 – 15, 1984 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Mexico | None | None | [484][485] |
Fran | September 15 – 20, 1984 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Cape Verde | $2.8 million | 29–32 | [486][487] |
Gustav | September 16 – 19, 1984 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Bermuda | None | None | [488][489] |
Isidore | September 25 – October 1, 1984 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | The Bahamas, Florida | $1 million | 1 | [490][491] |
Ana | July 15 – 19, 1985 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Atlantic Canada | None | None | [492][493] |
Fabian | September 15 – 19, 1985 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | None | None | None | [494][495] |
Henri | September 21 – 25, 1985 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | United States East Coast | Minimal | None | [496][497] |
Isabel | October 7 – 15, 1985 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | Greater Antilles, Southeastern United States | $125 million | 180 | [498][499] |
Andrew | June 5 – 8, 1986 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | The Carolinas | Minimal | 1 | [500][501] |
Danielle | September 7 – 10, 1986 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Leeward Islands | $10.5 million | None | [502][503] |
Two | August 9 – 17, 1987 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | United States Gulf Coast | $7.4 milllion | None | [504][505] |
Bret | August 18 – 24, 1987 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Cape Verde | None | None | [506][507] |
Cindy | September 5 – 10, 1987 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [508][509] |
Dennis | September 8 – 20, 1987 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [510][511] |
Alberto | August 5 – 8, 1988 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | None | None | [512][513] |
Beryl | August 8 – 10, 1988 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | United States Gulf Coast | $3 million | 1 | [514][515] |
Chris | August 21 – August 29, 1988 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | The Caribbean, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | $2.2 million | 6 | [516][517] |
Ernesto | September 3 – 5, 1988 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | None | None | None | [518][519] |
Eleven | September 7 – 10, 1988 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Cape Verde | None | None | [520][521] |
Isaac | September 28 – October 1, 1988 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Trinidad and Tobago | Unknown | 2[522] | [523][524] |
Keith | November 17 – 24, 1988 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | Central America, Florida | $7.3 million | None | [525][526] |
Allison | June 24 – 27, 1989 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Texas, Louisiana | $560 million | 11 | [527][528] |
Barry | July 9 – 14, 1989 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | None | None | None | [529][530] |
Iris | September 16 – 21, 1989 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | United States Virgin Islands | None | None | [531][532] |
Karen | November 28 – December 4, 1989 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Cuba | None | None | [533][534] |
Arthur | July 22 – 27, 1990 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Windward Islands, Greater Antilles | Mimimal | None | [535][536] |
Cesar | July 31 – August 7, 1990 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [537][538] |
Edouard | August 2 – 11, 1990 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | Portugal | None | None | [539][540] |
Fran | August 11 – 14, 1990 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Windward Islands, Venezuela | Minimal | None | [541][542] |
Hortense | August 25 – 31, 1990 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | None | None | None | [543][544] |
Marco | October 9 – 12, 1990 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) | Florida, United States East Coast | $57 million | 12 | [545][546] |
Ana | July 2 – 5, 1991 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Southeastern United States | Minimal | None | [547][548] |
Danny | September 7 – 11, 1991 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | None | None | None | [549][550] |
Erika | September 8 – 12, 1991 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | None | None | None | [551][552] |
Fabian | October 15 – 16, 1991 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Cuba, Florida | Minimal | None | [553][554] |
Danielle | September 22 – 26, 1992 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | United States East Coast | Minor | 2 | [555][556] |
Earl | September 26 – October 3, 1992 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Florida, Georgia, North Carolina | None | None | [557][558] |
Arlene | June 18 – 21, 1993 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | El Salvador, Mexico, Texas, Louisiana | $60.8 million | 26 | [559][560] |
Bret | August 4 – 11, 1993 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Windward Islands, Venezuela, Colombia, Central America | $35.7 million | 213 | [561][562] |
Cindy | August 14 – 17, 1993 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Martinique, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico | $19 million | 4 | [563][564] |
Dennis | August 23 – 28, 1993 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [565][566] |
Alberto | June 30 – July 7, 1994 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Florida, Georgia, Alabama | $1.03 billion | 32 | [567][568] |
Beryl | August 14 – 19, 1994 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Eastern United States | $74.22 million | 5 | [569][570] |
Debby | September 9 – 11, 1994 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Leeward Islands | $115 million | 9 | [571][572] |
Ernesto | September 21 – 26, 1994 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) | None | None | None | [573][574] |
Barry | July 5 – 10, 1995 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) | Atlantic Canada | None | None | [575][576] |
Chantal | July 12 – 20, 1995 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | None | None | None | [577][578] |
Dean | July 28 – August 2, 1995 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | Texas | $500 thousand | None | [579][580] |
Gabrielle | August 9 – 12, 1995 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Mexico | Unknown | 6 | [581][582] |
Jerry | August 22 – 28, 1995 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Southeastern United States | $26.5 million | 6 | [583][584] |
Karen | August 26 – September 3, 1995 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [585][586] |
Pablo | October 4 – 8, 1995 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | None | None | None | [587][588] |
Sebastien | October 20 – 25, 1995 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico | None | None | [589][590] |
Arthur | June 17 – 21, 1996 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | North Carolina | $1 million | None | [591][592] |
Gustav | August 26 – September 2, 1996 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | None | None | None | [593][594] |
Josephine | October 4 – 8, 1996 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) | United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada | $130 million | 3 | [595][596] |
Kyle | October 11 – 12, 1996 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Central America, Mexico | None | None | [597][598] |
Ana | June 30 – July 4, 1997 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [599][600] |
Claudette | July 13 – 16, 1997 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | United States East Coast | None | None | [601][602] |
Fabian | October 4 – 8, 1997 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Lesser Antilles | None | None | [603][604] |
Grace | October 16 – 17, 1997 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | United States Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola | $1.46 million | 1 | [605][606][607] |
Alex | July 27 – August 2, 1998 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [608][609] |
Charley | August 21 – 24, 1998 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Louisiana, Texas, Mexico | $50 million | 13 | [610][611] |
Frances | September 8 – 13, 1998 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Mexico, United States Gulf Coast | $500 million | 2 | [612][613] |
Hermine | September 17 – 20, 1998 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama | Minor | None | [614][615] |
Arlene | June 11 – 18, 1999 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Bermuda | Minimal | None | [616][617] |
Emily | August 24 – 28, 1999 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | [618][619] |
Harvey | September 19 – 22, 1999 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Southeastern United States, Atlantic Canada | $22.6 million | None | [620][621] |
Katrina | October 28 – November 1, 1999 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Central America, Mexico | $9 thousand | None | [622][623] |
2000-present
editName | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Beryl | August 13 – 15, 2000 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) | Mexico, Texas | $27 million | 1 | [624][625] |
Chris | August 17 – 19, 2000 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | None | None | None | [626][627] |
Other systems
editMichael Chenoweth
editA climate researcher, Michael Chenoweth, has suggested that the following systems were tropical storms, however, they do not appear in the Atlantic hurricane database:
Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Unnamed | August 1 – 7, 1851 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antilles | Unknown | Unknown | [628] |
Unnamed | August 28 – September 4, 1851 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | United States East Coast | Unknown | Unknown | [629] |
Unnamed | September 6 – 8, 1851 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, Cuba, Florida, United States East Coast | Unknown | Unknown | [630] |
Unnamed | September 10 – 12, 1851 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [631] |
Unnamed | September 12 – 16, 1851 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Texas | Unknown | Unknown | [632] |
Unnamed | September 16 – 27, 1851 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [633] |
Unnamed | October 9 – 14, 1851 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | Northeastern United States, Atlantic Canada | Unknown | Unknown | [634] |
Unnamed | November 4 – 19, 1851 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | The Bahamas, Jamaica, Cuba | Unknown | Unknown | [635] |
Unnamed | August 28 – 31, 1852 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | United States East Coast | Unknown | Unknown | [636] |
Unnamed | September 2 – 6, 1852 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [637] |
Unnamed | September 21 – 24, 1852 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | Yucatán Peninsula | Unknown | Unknown | [638] |
Unnamed | September 28 – October 3, 1852 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Venezuela, Nicaragua | Unknown | Unknown | [639] |
Unnamed | November 26 – 27, 1852 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [640] |
Unnamed | August 3 – 5, 1853 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [641] |
Unnamed | August 25 – 27, 1853 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | Not Specified | Jamaica | Unknown | Unknown | [642] |
Unnamed | August 26 – September 3, 1853 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | The Caribbean, Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [643] |
Unnamed | September 7 – 11, 1853 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Southeastern United States | Unknown | Unknown | [644] |
Unnamed | September 20 – 22, 1853 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [645] |
Unnamed | September 26 – 28, 1853 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | None | None | None | [646] |
Unnamed | September 9 – 15, 1854 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [647] |
Unnamed | October 5 – 15, 1854 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | Lesser Antilles | Unknown | Unknown | [648] |
Unnamed | November 4 – 5, 1854 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [649] |
Unnamed | July 24 – 25, 1855 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [650] |
Unnamed | August 3 – 7, 1855 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Louisiana | Unknown | Unknown | [651] |
Unnamed | August 31 – September 2, 1855 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [652] |
Unnamed | September 19 – 27, 1855 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [653] |
Unnamed | November 3 – 8, 1855 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None | [654] |
Unnamed | September 27 – October 1, 1856 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [655] |
Unnamed | October 13 – 16, 1856 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | Not Specified | Azores | Unknown | Unknown | [656] |
Unnamed | June 22 – 25, 1857 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Louisiana | Unknown | Unknown | [657] |
Unnamed | July 3 – 4, 1857 | 40 mph (65 km/h) | Not Specified | Florida | Unknown | Unknown | [658] |
Unnamed | September 7 – 16, 1857 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | Central America | Unknown | Unknown | [659] |
Unnamed | October 16 – 22, 1857 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [660] |
Unnamed | June 10 – 15, 1858 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | Mexico | Unknown | Unknown | [661] |
Unnamed | August 11 – 20, 1858 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | Virginia | Unknown | Unknown | [662] |
Unnamed | October 16 – 20, 1858 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [663] |
Unnamed | November 14 – 18, 1858 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | Not Specified | None | None | None | [664] |
Subtropical storms
editA subtropical storm is a cyclone with winds equivalent to a tropical storm, but without all the characteristics of a tropical cyclone. It is a type of subtropical cyclone. Such storms are usually weak, short-lived, form at mid-latitudes, and rarely affect land.[665]
In the Atlantic Ocean, subtropical storms often form, with an average rate of one per season.[665] Since they started being tracked in the 1960s, there have been 18 of them.[1] Subtropical storms started being named as a part of the regular season in 2002, though they were briefly given names from a different list in the 1970s.[665]
This list does not include subtropical hurricanes, which are included here, subtropical depressions, which are included here, or subtropical storms that later became tropical, which are included in the main list.
Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
One | September 29 – October 3, 1969 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Florida | None | None | [666][667] |
Alpha | May 23 – 29, 1972 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | American Southeast | $100,000 | 2 | [668][669] |
Charlie | September 19 – 21, 1972 | 65 mph (105 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | None | None | None | [670][432] |
Delta | November 1 – 7, 1972 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | None | None | None | [671][432] |
Alfa | July 30 – August 2, 1973 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | New England | None | None | [672][12] |
One | June 24 – 25, 1974 | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Florida | $10 million | 3 | [673][674] |
Two | July 16 – 19, 1974 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | None | None | None | [675][437] |
Three | August 10 – 15, 1974 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | None | None | None | [676][437] |
Four | October 4 – 8, 1974 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | The Bahamas, Florida | $600,000 | None | [677][437] |
Two | December 9 – 13, 1975 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None | [678][441] |
One | May 21 – 25, 1976 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Florida | $628,000 | None | [679][444] |
Three | September 13 – 17, 1976 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1011 hPa (29.85 inHg) | American Southeast | None | None | [680][444] |
One | January 18 – 23, 1978 | 45 mph (75 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [681][449] |
Three | November 12 – 17, 1981 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) | U.S. East Coast | None | None | [682][683] |
One | June 18 – 20, 1982 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | Florida, U.S. East Coast | $10 million | 3 | [684][685] |
One | August 18 – 21, 1984 | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | [686][687] |
One | April 21 – 24, 1992 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | [688][689] |
Unnumbered | June 1 – 2, 1997 | 50 mph (85 km/h) | 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) | None | None | None | [690][691] |
- Statistics
Month | Number of storms |
---|---|
January | |
February | |
March | |
April | |
May | |
June | |
July | |
August | |
September | |
October | |
November | |
December |
Landfalls
editThis table includes all tropical storms from 1851 onward that are verified by HURDAT to have made landfall. Tropical storms that are not marked as having made landfall are omitted.
1800s
editName | Year | Tropical storm | Tropical depression | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Six | 1851 | Rhode Island (October 19) | – | [1] |
Three | 1856 | North Carolina (August 19) | – | [1] |
Seven | 1859 | Florida (October 17) | – | [1] |
Seven | 1861 | North Carolina (October 7) | – | [1] |
Six | 1863 | North Carolina (September 18) | – | [1] |
Nine | 1863 | Texas (September 29) | – | [1] |
Two | 1865 | Texas (June 30) | – | [1] |
Seven | 1865 | Louisiana (September 7) | – | [1] |
Two | 1868 | Florida (October 4) | – | [1] |
One | 1871 | Texas (June 4) | – | [1] |
Two | 1871 | Texas (June 9) | – | [1] |
One | 1872 | Louisiana (July 11), Mississippi (July 11) | – | [1] |
One | 1873 | Florida (June 2) | – | [1] |
Four | 1873 | Florida (September 23) | – | [1] |
One | 1874 | Texas (July 4) | – | [1] |
Four | 1875 | Florida (September 27) | – | [1] |
Seven | 1877 | Florida (October 26) | – | [1] |
One | 1878 | Florida (July 2) | – | [1] |
Five | 1879 | Louisiana (October 7) | – | [1] |
Six | 1879 | Florida (October 16) | – | [1] |
One | 1880 | Texas (June 24) | – | [1] |
One | 1881 | Mississippi (August 3) | – | [1] |
Two | 1881 | Texas (August 13) | – | [1] |
Three | 1882 | Louisiana (September 15) | – | [1] |
Four | 1882 | North Carolina (September 22), New Jersey (September 24) | – | [1] |
Three | 1885 | Florida (August 30) | – | [1] |
Eight | 1885 | Florida (October 11) | – | [1] |
Three | 1887 | Mississippi (June 14) | – | [1] |
Sixteen | 1887 | Florida (October 30) | – | [1] |
Two | 1888 | Texas (July 5) | – | [1] |
Five | 1888 | Florida (September 8) | – | [1] |
Nine | 1889 | Florida (October 5), Florida (October 6) | – | [1] |
Two | 1890 | Louisiana (August 27) | – | [1] |
Seven | 1891 | Florida (October 7) | – | [1] |
One | 1892 | Florida (June 10) | – | [1] |
Four | 1892 | Louisiana (September 12) | – | [1] |
Nine | 1892 | Florida (October 24) | – | [1] |
Eleven | 1893 | North Carolina (October 23), Delaware (October 23) | – | [1] |
Two | 1894 | Alabama (August 7) | – | [1] |
One | 1895 | Louisiana (August 15), Alabama (August 16) | – | [1] |
Four | 1895 | Texas (October 7) | – | [1] |
Six | 1895 | Florida (October 16) | – | [1] |
Three | 1897 | Florida (September 21), North Carolina (September 23), New York (September 24), Connecticut (September 24) | – | [1] |
Six | 1897 | North Carolina (October 25) | – | [1] |
Five | 1898 | Louisiana (September 20) | – | [1] |
Six | 1898 | Texas (September 28) | – | [1] |
One | 1899 | Texas (June 27) | – | [1] |
Six | 1899 | Florida (October 5) | – | [1] |
1900s
editName | Year | Tropical storm | Tropical depression | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Four | 1900 | Louisiana (September 13), Mississippi (September 13) | – | [1] |
Six | 1900 | Florida (October 12) | – | [1] |
One | 1901 | Florida (June 13) | – | [1] |
Two | 1901 | Texas (July 10) | – | [1] |
Ten | 1901 | Florida (September 28) | – | [1] |
One | 1902 | Florida (June 14) | – | [1] |
Six | 1904 | Florida (November 3) | – | [1] |
Three | 1905 | Louisiana (September 29) | – | [1] |
Five | 1905 | Louisiana (October 9) | – | [1] |
One | 1906 | Florida (June 12) | – | [1] |
One | 1907 | Florida (June 28) | – | [1] |
Two | 1907 | Mississippi (September 21) | – | [1] |
Three | 1907 | Florida (September 28) | – | [1] |
Four | 1908 | Louisiana (July 31) | – | [1] |
Five | 1908 | North Carolina (September 1) | – | [1] |
Three | 1909 | Florida (June 28), Florida (June 30) | – | [1] |
Eight | 1909 | Florida (August 29) | – | [1] |
One | 1912 | Louisiana (June 13) | – | [1] |
Two | 1912 | Georgia (July 15) | – | [1] |
One | 1914 | Florida (September 17) | – | [1] |
2000s
editName | Year | Tropical storm | Tropical depression | Refs |
---|
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ This total does not include subtropical storms.
- ^ The United States Air Force identified One by the next name on the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, which was Baker. The name was not known to the public until after the season.[249]
- ^ The United States Air Force identified Five by the next name on the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, which was Fox. The name was not known to the public until after the season.[249]
- ^ The United States Air Force identified Six by the next name on the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, which was How. The name was not known to the public until after the season.[249]
- ^ The United States Air Force identified Seven by the next name on the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, which was Item. The name was not known to the public until after the season.[249]
- ^ The United States Air Force identified Four by the next name on the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, which was Baker. The name was not known to the public until after the season.[261]
- ^ HURDAT does not give the system a name, calling it simply AL14.[1] IBTRACS echoes this.[304] However, the reanalysis project gives the storm the name Irene, though its records of the storm call it "Not Named".[63] This article uses Fourteen.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
- ^ a b Schott, Timothy; Landsea, Christopher W; Hafale, Gene; Lorens, Jeffrey; Taylor, Arthur; Thurm, Harvey; Ward, Bill; Willis, Mark; Zaleski, Walt (February 1, 2012). "The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale" (PDF). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-12-13. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
- ^ Landsea, Christopher W (April 21, 2006). "TCFAQ D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2014-10-09. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
- ^ Landsea, Christopher W (June 1, 2018). "TCFAQ F1) What regions around the globe have tropical cyclones and who is responsible for forecasting there?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
{{cite web}}
:|archive-date=
/|archive-url=
timestamp mismatch; November 13, 2012 suggested (help) - ^ "Hurricanes: Frequently Asked Questions". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 1, 2023. Retrieved July 30, 2023.
- ^ Dorst, Neal (June 2, 2016). "TCFAQ G1) When is hurricane season?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on May 6, 2009. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
- ^ Landsea, Christopher W (2014). "TCFAQ A15) How do tropical cyclones form?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on August 27, 2009. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
- ^ Christopher A. Davis & Lance F. Bosart (November 2003). "Baroclinically Induced Tropical Cyclogenesis". Monthly Weather Review. 131 (11). American Meteorological Society: 2730. Bibcode:2003MWRv..131.2730D. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2730:BITC>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
- ^ Marc C. Cove, James J. O'Brien, et al. Effect of El Niño on U.S. Landfalling Hurricanes, Revisited. Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
- ^ Robbie Berg (28 November 2009). "Tropical Storm Grace Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Paul J. Herbert; Neil L. Frank (January 28, 1974). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1973" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
- ^ National Hurricane Center. "Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Delta" (PDF). NOAA. Retrieved 2006-05-29.
- ^ "1851 Tropical Storm Not Named (1851192N12300)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1851 Tropical Storm Not Named (1851256N33287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1851 Tropical Storm Not Named (1851289N29282)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1853 Tropical Storm Not Named (1853218N33291)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1853 Tropical Storm Not Named (1853223N12300)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1853 Tropical Storm Not Named (1853265N20265)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1853 Tropical Storm Not Named (1853272N15323)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1854 Tropical Storm Not Named (1854236N33305)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1854 Tropical Storm Not Named (1854293N25292)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "1855 Tropical Storm Not Named (1855236N12304)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1856 Tropical Storm Not Named (1856232N33285)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1856 Tropical Storm Not Named (1856235N23278)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1857 Tropical Storm Not Named (1857181N34286)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1859 Tropical Storm Not Named (1859289N25285)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1860 Tropical Storm Not Named (1860262N22294)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1861 Tropical Storm Not Named (1861279N20314)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1861 Tropical Storm Not Named (1861281N35285)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1862 Tropical Storm Not Named (1862166N32284)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1862 Tropical Storm Not Named (1862166N32284)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1862 Tropical Storm Not Named (1862326N11280)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- ^ "1863 Tropical Storm Not Named (1863259N25280)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
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{{cite report}}
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- ^ a b c Arnold L. Sugg and Paul J. Hebert (March 1969). The Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1968 (PDF). National Hurricane Center; Weather Bureau (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
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- ^ "1968 Tropical Storm Frances (1968268N26287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
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- ^ "1970 Tropical Storm Dorothy (1970230N12316)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
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- ^ a b c d e f g R. H. Simpson; John R. Hope (April 1972). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1971" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 100 (4): 256–267. Bibcode:1972MWRv..100..256S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1972)100<0256:AHSO>2.3.CO;2. S2CID 119771736. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ "1971 Tropical Storm Chloe (1971231N13308)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
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- ^ "1971 Tropical Storm Kristy (1971291N25302)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ "1971 Tropical Storm Laura (1971317N12282)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
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- ^ a b c R. H. Simpson; Paul J. Herbert (April 1973). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1972" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2011. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
- ^ "1973 Tropical Storm Christine (1973238N11346)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
- ^ "1973 Tropical Storm Delia (1973245N21274)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
- ^ "1973 Tropical Storm Gilda (1973289N16278)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
- ^ "1974 Tropical Storm Alma (1974225N11317)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f John R. Hope (1975). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1974". National Hurricane Center. 103 (4). American Meteorological Society: 285–293. Bibcode:1975MWRv..103..285H. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1975)103<0285:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
- ^ "1974 Tropical Storm Dolly (1974246N27292)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
- ^ "1974 Tropical Storm Elaine (1974248N15310)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
- ^ "1975 Tropical Storm Amy (1975178N28281)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
- ^ a b c Paul J. Hebert (April 1976). Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1975 (PDF). Monthly Weather Review (Report). American Meteorological Society. Retrieved November 25, 2022.
- ^ "1975 Tropical Storm Hallie (1975298N29281)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
- ^ "1976 Tropical Storm Anna (1976211N28308)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
- ^ a b c d Miles B. Lawrence (1977). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1976" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. 105. American Meteorological Society: 497–507. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
- ^ "1976 Tropical Storm Hallie (1976231N26276)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
- ^ "1977 Tropical Storm Frieda (1977290N17277)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (April 1978). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1977" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 106 (4). National Hurricane Center: 534. Bibcode:1978MWRv..106..534L. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1978)106<0534:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
- ^ "1978 Tropical Storm Amelia (1978212N26263)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g Miles B. Lawrence (April 1979). Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1978 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 23, 2008. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
- ^ "1978 Tropical Storm Bess (1978218N25270)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
- ^ "1978 Tropical Storm Debra (1978239N23272)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
- ^ "1978 Tropical Storm Hope (1978255N30280)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
- ^ "1978 Tropical Storm Irma (1978276N32329)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
- ^ "1978 Tropical Storm Juliet (1978281N18304)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
- ^ "1979 Tropical Storm Ana (1979171N10315)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
- ^ a b c Neil L. Frank and Gilbert B. Clark (July 1980). "Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1979". Monthly Weather Review. 108 (7): 967, 971–972. Bibcode:1980MWRv..108..966F. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<0966:ATSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
- ^ "1979 Tropical Storm Claudette (1979197N13314)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ^ "1979 Tropical Storm Elena (1979242N26271)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ^ "1980 Tropical Storm Danielle (1980249N28269)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
- ^ a b Lawrence, Miles B; Pelissier, Joseph M (1981). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1980". Monthly Weather Review. 109 (7): 1567. Bibcode:1981MWRv..109.1567L. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109<1567:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
{{cite journal}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help) - ^ "1980 Tropical Storm Hermine (1980265N15283)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
- ^ "1981 Tropical Storm Arlene (1981127N18276)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
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- ^ "1981 Tropical Storm Bret (1981181N36295)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
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- ^ "1981 Tropical Storm Cindy (1981215N36292)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
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- ^ "1981 Tropical Storm Jose (1981303N25313)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (November 16, 1981). "Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Jose: October 29 – November 1, 1981". National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
- ^ "1982 Tropical Storm Beryl (1982241N14338)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ National Hurricane Center (1983). "Tropical Storm Beryl Preliminary Report, Page One". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 19, 2008. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ "1982 Tropical Storm Chris (1982252N26269)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ Gilbert B. Clark (September 27, 1982). "Tropical Storm Chris Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ "1982 Tropical Storm Ernesto (1982274N25295)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (October 13, 1982). Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Ernesto (Report). National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ "1983 Tropical Storm Dean (1983270N28287)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (October 14, 1983). "Tropical Storm Dean Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ "1984 Tropical Storm Arthur (1984242N11309)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ Gilbert B. Clark (1984). "Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Arthur: 28 August to 5 September 1984". National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ "1984 Tropical Storm Bertha (1984244N13319)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Bertha: 30 August to 4 September (Report). National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ "1984 Tropical Storm Cesar (1984244N37293)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Cesar: 31 August to 02 September 1984 (Report). National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ "1984 Tropical Storm Edouard (1984258N20264)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ "Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Edouard – 13 to 15 September 1984". National Hurricane Center. 1984. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ "1984 Tropical Storm Fran (1984260N14339)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ Gilbert B. Clark (1984). Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Fran: 15 – 20 September, 1984 (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ "1984 Tropical Storm Gustav (1984261N29295)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
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- ^ "1984 Tropical Storm Isidore (1984261N29295)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence and Gilbert B. Clark. "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1984" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ "1985 Tropical Storm Ana (1985197N29296)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
- ^ Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Ana: 15 – 19 July 1985. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1985. p. 2. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
- ^ "1985 Tropical Storm Fabian (1985259N24289)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
- ^ Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Fabian 15 – 19 September 1985 (GIF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1985. p. 1. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
- ^ "1985 Tropical Storm Henri (1985265N30286)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
- ^ David M. Roth (June 17, 2007). Tropical Storm Henri – September 22 – 25, 1985. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (Report). College Park, Maryland: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
- ^ "1985 Tropical Storm Isabel (1985280N18291)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
- ^ Ferdinand Quiñones and Karl G. Johnson (1987). The Floods of May 17 – 18, 1985 and October 6 – 7, 1985 in Puerto Rico (PDF) (Report). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
- ^ "1986 Tropical Storm Andrew (1986156N26284)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (1986). Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Andrew Page 1 (GIF). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
- ^ "1986 Tropical Storm Danielle (1986250N11308)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
- ^ Gilbert B. Clark (1986). "Tropical Storm Danielle Preliminary Report". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
- ^ "1987 Tropical Storm Not Named (1987222N26266)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
- ^ Harrold P. Gerrish (November 18, 1987). "Preliminary Report – Unnamed Tropical Storm – Page 3". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
- ^ "1987 Tropical Storm Bret (1987230N15340)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
- ^ Gilbert B. Clark (September 1987). "Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Bret: 18 – 24 August, 1987". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
- ^ "1987 Tropical Storm Cindy (1987249N15329)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
- ^ "Tropical Storm Cindy Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. October 10, 1987. Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
- ^ "1987 Tropical Storm Dennis (1987252N11342)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (October 6, 1987). "Preliminary Report: Tropical Storm Dennis". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
- ^ "1988 Tropical Storm Alberto (1988219N32283)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
- ^ "Tropical Storm Alberto Preliminary Report" (GIF). National Hurricane Center. 1988. p. 1. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
- ^ "1988 Tropical Storm Beryl (1988221N30270)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
- ^ "Tropical Storm Beryl Preliminary Report" (GIF). National Hurricane Center. 1988. p. 3. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
- ^ "1988 Tropical Storm Chris (1988235N15317)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
- ^ National Hurricane Center (1988). "Tropical Storm Chris Preliminary Report". p. 1. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
- ^ "1988 Tropical Storm Ernesto (1988247N33300)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
- ^ National Hurricane Center (1988). "Tropical Storm Ernesto Preliminary Report". p. 1. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
- ^ "1988 Tropical Storm Not Named (1988251N13343)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
- ^ National Hurricane Center (1988). "Unnamed Tropical Storm Preliminary Report". p. 1. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
- ^ Staff Writer (October 4, 1988). "2 die as storm lashes islands". Saint Petersburg Times. Retrieved December 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "1988 Tropical Storm Isaac (1988273N09315)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
- ^ "Tropical Storm Isaac Preliminary Report" (GIF). National Hurricane Center. 1988. p. 1. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
- ^ "1988 Tropical Storm Keith (1988323N15286)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence; James M. Gross (October 1989). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1988". Monthly Weather Review. 117 (10): 2248–2259. Bibcode:1989MWRv..117.2248L. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<2248:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 119504549. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
- ^ "1989 Tropical Storm Allison (1989176N27264)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
- ^ Case, Robert (August 16, 1989). "Tropical Storm Allison Preliminary Report, Page 4" (GIF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
- ^ "1989 Tropical Storm Barry (1989191N13322)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (August 28, 1989). Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Barry (9 – 16 July 1989) (GIF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
- ^ "1989 Tropical Storm Iris (1989260N11316)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
- ^ Harold P. Gerrish (November 20, 1989). Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Iris: 16 – 21 September 1989. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 2. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
- ^ "1989 Tropical Storm Karen (1989333N17276)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
- ^ Lixion A. Avila (December 22, 1989). Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Karen 28 November – 4 December 1989. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
- ^ "1990 Tropical Storm Arthur (1990203N09318)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
- ^ Lawrence, Miles (1990). Tropical Storm Arthur Preliminary Report (GIF). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
- ^ "1990 Tropical Storm Cesar (1990212N10338)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
- ^ Mayfield, Max (1990). Tropical Storm Cesar Preliminary Report (GIF). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
- ^ "1990 Tropical Storm Edouard (1990215N38337)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
- ^ Case, Robert (1990). Tropical Storm Edouard Preliminary Report (GIF). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
- ^ "1990 Tropical Storm Fran (1990224N09328)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
- ^ Lawrence, Miles (1990). Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Fran: 11 – 14 August, 1990 (GIF). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
- ^ "1990 Tropical Storm Hortense (1990237N13325)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
- ^ Mayfield, Max (1990). Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Hortense: 25 – 31 August, 1990 (GIF). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
- ^ "1990 Tropical Storm Marco (1990283N23281)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
- ^ Max Mayfield & Miles B. Lawrence (1992). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1990" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
- ^ "1991 Tropical Storm Ana (1991181N26282)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
- ^ Hal Gerrish (1991). "Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Ana: 2 – 5 July, 1991" (GIF). National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
- ^ "1991 Tropical Storm Danny (1991250N10334)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
- ^ Max Mayfield (1991). Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Danny: 7 – 11 September, 1991 (GIF). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
- ^ "1991 Tropical Storm Erika (1991252N24311)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
- ^ Hal Gerrish (1991). Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Erika: 8 – 12 September, 1991 (GIF). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
- ^ "1991 Tropical Storm Fabian (1991288N19274)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
- ^ Lixion Avila (1991). "Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Fabian: 15 – 16 October, 1991" (GIF). National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
- ^ "1992 Tropical Storm Danielle (1992267N33285)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (November 30, 1992). Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Danielle: 22 – 26 September, 1992 (GIF). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
- ^ "1992 Tropical Storm Earl (1992271N26291)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
- ^ Lixion Avila (1992). Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Earl: 26 September – 3 October, 1992. National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
- ^ "1993 Tropical Storm Arlene (1993169N21268)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ^ Edward Rappaport (December 9, 1993). Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Arlene: 18 – 21 June, 1993 (GIF). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 3. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ^ "1993 Tropical Storm Bret (1993217N10320)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ^ Richard Pasch and Edward Rappaport (March 1995). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1993" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ^ "1993 Tropical Storm Cindy (1993227N14301)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ^ Max Mayfield (October 25, 1993). "Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Cindy: 14 – 17 August, 1993" (GIF). National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 2. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ^ "1993 Tropical Storm Dennis (1993236N14329)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ^ Lixion Avila (October 7, 1993). Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Dennis: August 23 – 28, 1993 (GIF). National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 1. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ^ "1994 Tropical Storm Alberto (1994181N22276)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
- ^ Costliest U.S. tropical cyclones tables updated (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. January 26, 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 2, 2023. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
{{cite report}}
:|archive-date=
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timestamp mismatch; January 27, 2018 suggested (help) - ^ "1994 Tropical Storm Beryl (1994227N29273)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
- ^ Max Mayfield (October 15, 1994). "Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Beryl: 14 – 19 August, 1994". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 3. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
- ^ "1994 Tropical Storm Debby (1994253N13303)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
- ^ Edward Rappaport (October 17, 1994). "Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Debby: 9 – 11 September, 1994". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 3. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
- ^ "1994 Tropical Storm Ernesto (1994265N10330)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
- ^ Pasch, Richard (October 27, 1994). "Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Ernesto: 21 – 26 September, 1994". National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 2. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
{{cite web}}
:|archive-date=
requires|archive-url=
(help); Unknown parameter|archive url=
ignored (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "1995 Tropical Storm Barry (1995186N32288)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
- ^ B. Max Mayfield (November 19, 1995). Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Barry: 05 – 10 July, 1995 (PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
- ^ "1995 Tropical Storm Chantal (1995193N17305)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
- ^ Miles B. Lawrence (November 17, 1995). Preliminary Report – Tropical Storm Chantal: 12 – 20 July, 1995 (PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
- ^ "1995 Tropical Storm Dean (1995210N26273)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved August 11, 2023.
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