Lawrence Sirovich is mathematical scientist whose research includes, among other topics, applied mathematics, neuroscience and physics. He is recognized as the pioneer behind modern face recognition, and is known for eigenfaces, the method of snapshots, low dimensional dynamical systems, analysis of the US Supreme Court, neuronal population dynamics, and the faithful copy neuron.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
Lawrence Sirovich | |
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| Born | March 1, 1933 Brooklyn, New York, United States |
| Alma mater | Johns Hopkins University |
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| Fields | Applied Mathematics |
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Early life and education
editSirovich was born to Jewish immigrants from Poland and raised in Brownsville, a working-class immigrant neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. He gained entrance to the Brooklyn Technical H.S., an experience which first opened his eyes to the possibilities of the world. There he was captain of the math team and years later, in 2018, inducted into the BTHS Hall of Fame.[10] Sirovich attended Johns Hopkins University as an undergraduate math major, and as a graduate student in aeronautical engineering (where applied mathematics was practiced).[11] In 1958, jointly with Johns Hopkins University, he became a research assistant at the Courant Institute at NYU. It was there that he wrote his PhD dissertation "On the Kinetic Theory of Steady Gas Flows" in 1960.[12] At the Courant Institute, K.O. Friedrichs, a mathematician of great insight and taste, was his most influential teacher. For Sirovich, taking a course with Friedrichs on asymptotics was a life-changing experience. Another early mentor at the Courant Institute was Fritz John, a mathematician of the highest character with whom Sirovich later started the eminent Applied Mathematical Sciences series, of Springer-Verlag Publishing.
Research
editSirovich's early research was in kinetic theory, its connection with fluid mechanics, and such areas of fluid mechanics as supersonic flow and turbulence. A turning point in Sirovich's research came with his reading of Jim Watson's The Double Helix, which caused Sirovich to realize that he was not engaged in the heroic research of his time. This prompted participation in a Cold Spring Harbor summer course on biology, and eventually led to his close association with H. Keffer Hartline's Laboratory of Biophysics at the Rockefeller University, and a long collaboration with Bruce W. Knight, the present head of the laboratory. As a maturing scientist, Sirovich's research interests took on an element of serendipity ("chance confers an advantage on the prepared mind", Louis Pasteur). For example, a chance remark on the failure of the standard description of the horseshoe crab's lateral eye neural network at its boundaries led to a Weiner-Hopf solution to the problem, with complete experimental agreement.[13][14] An article by Linda Greenhouse in the New York Times led to "A pattern analysis of the second Rehnquist U.S. Supreme Court."[7][15] An observation that human faces, are always different, but are always recognizable as a face; and likewise that images of turbulence had the same property of being different, and being recognizable as turbulence led to a successful model of face recognition, and also served as an analysis model for turbulence. The former led to Sirovich's establishing the subject of face recognition.[1][2] Allied to this was the notion of low dimensional dynamical descriptions of turbulence in standard geometrical settings. In a series of three papers on the subject, Sirovich established the field of low dimensional dynamical models.[4][5][6]
According to Google Scholar, Lawrence Sirovich has ~250 publications, which have been cited nearly 30,000 times.[16]
Personal life
editSirovich met Carole Hochman, a number theorist, at the Courant Institute. Their first date took place on September 4, 1960, and they married October 16th, 1960.[17] Carole received her PhD from the Courant Institute and later became Chair of the Department of Math and Science at the Pratt Institute, which she retired from in 2017.[18][19]
Their daughter Brenda Sirovich was born in 1963, and received a B.A. in math and biology from Harvard. She is the co-director of the VA Outcomes Group at Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine. Their son Matthew was born in 1966. Matt studied math and economics at Brown University, and is currently a board member there.[20]
In 2018 Mathew Sirovich honored his parents by endowing the Carole & Lawrence Sirovich Chair of Public Health at Brown University.[21]
References
edit- ^ a b "History of Face Recognition & Facial recognition software". FaceFirst Face Recognition Software. 2017-08-01. Retrieved 2019-10-25.
- ^ a b Sirovich, L.; Kirby, M. (1987-03-01). "Low-dimensional procedure for the characterization of human faces". Journal of the Optical Society of America A. 4 (3): 519–24. Bibcode:1987JOSAA...4..519S. doi:10.1364/josaa.4.000519. ISSN 1084-7529. PMID 3572578. S2CID 982857.
- ^ Kirby, M.; Sirovich, L. (1990). "Application of the Karhunen-Loeve procedure for the characterization of human faces". IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 12 (1): 103–108. doi:10.1109/34.41390. ISSN 0162-8828. S2CID 570648.
- ^ a b Sirovich, Lawrence (1987-10-01). "Turbulence and the dynamics of coherent structures. I. Coherent structures". Quarterly of Applied Mathematics. 45 (3): 561–571. doi:10.1090/qam/910462. ISSN 0033-569X.
- ^ a b Sirovich, Lawrence (1987-10-01). "Turbulence and the dynamics of coherent structures. II. Symmetries and transformations". Quarterly of Applied Mathematics. 45 (3): 573–582. doi:10.1090/qam/910463. ISSN 0033-569X.
- ^ a b Sirovich, Lawrence (1987-10-01). "Turbulence and the dynamics of coherent structures. III. Dynamics and scaling". Quarterly of Applied Mathematics. 45 (3): 583–590. doi:10.1090/qam/910464. ISSN 0033-569X.
- ^ a b Sirovich, Lawrence (2003-06-24). "A pattern analysis of the second Rehnquist U.S. Supreme Court". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (13): 7432–7437. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.7432S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1132164100. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 164603. PMID 12821777.
- ^ Omurtag, A.; Knight, B. W.; Sirovich, L. (2000). "Dynamics of Neuronal Populations: The Equilibrium Solution". SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics. 60 (6): 2009–2028. doi:10.1137/s0036139998344921. ISSN 0036-1399. S2CID 17760107.
- ^ Sirovich, Lawrence (2012-01-11). "The faithful copy neuron". Journal of Computational Neuroscience. 32 (3): 377–385. doi:10.1007/s10827-011-0356-6. ISSN 0929-5313. PMID 22234837. S2CID 8404818.
- ^ "Hall of Fame Induction June 7, 2018 - Brooklyn Tech Alumni Foundation". www.bthsalumni.org. Retrieved 2019-10-03.
- ^ "Lawrence Sirovich | Division of Applied Mathematics". www.brown.edu. Retrieved 2019-10-04.
- ^ Sirovich, Lawrence. (1960). On the kinetic theory of steady gas flows. Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University. OCLC 1050245464.
- ^ Sirovich, L.; Brodie, S.E.; Knight, B.W. (1979). "Effect of boundaries on the response of a neural network". Biophysical Journal. 28 (3): 423–445. Bibcode:1979BpJ....28..423S. doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(79)85191-7. ISSN 0006-3495. PMC 1328648. PMID 262559.
- ^ Ratliff, Floyd. (1965). Mach bands: quantitative studies on neural networks in the retina. Holden-Day. OCLC 1025246032.
- ^ Greenhouse, Linda (2002-10-06). "The Nation; The Court: Same Time Next Year. And Next Year". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-10-04.
- ^ "Lawrence Sirovich - Google Scholar Citations". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2019-10-04.
- ^ "Lawrence Sirovich - Historical Records". www.myheritage.com. Retrieved 2019-10-07.
- ^ "Pratt Institute". www.pratt.edu. Retrieved 2019-10-07.
- ^ "Carole Sirovich - The Mathematics Genealogy Project". www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu. Retrieved 2019-10-04.
- ^ "Matthew I. Sirovich | The Corporation of Brown University". www.brown.edu. Retrieved 2019-10-04.
- ^ "Investment in endowed professorships brings top talent to Brown". Brown University. Retrieved 2019-10-04.