Joseph Cowen, Jr., (9 July 1829 – 18 February 1900)[1] was an English radical Liberal politician and journalist. He was a firm friend to Anglo-Jewry, and an early advocate of Jewish emancipation, regularly contributing to The Jewish Chronicle.
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Early life
editThe son of Joseph Cowen, Snr, a prominent businessman and Member of Parliament (MP) for Newcastle upon Tyne from 1874 to 1886, he was born Blaydon, near Newcastle. Cowen junior was educated privately in Ryton and at the University of Edinburgh, where he developed an interest in the revolutionary political movements of Europe.[2]
He then joined his father in the fire brick business, Joseph Cowen & Co., established at Braydon in 1828.[2] Cowen numbered among his friends Mazzini, Louis Blanc and Ledru-Rollin, as well as Herzen and Bakunin. Garibaldi,[3] Felice Orsini and Lajos Kossuth came to visit him in Blaydon. He supported the miners and improved the lot of the working-classes by campaigning for better housing and social welfare reform.[2] One area of improvement revisited again by Cowen was education: changes to the Mechanics Working-men institute were followed by a public library for Newcastle.[4]
In 1850 his father bought Stella Hall, a 17th-century mansion near Blaydon, which continued in the Cowen family until 1948 and was demolished in 1955.[5][6]
Political career
editIn 1874, he was elected Member of Parliament, succeeding his father, who had held the Newcastle seat as a Liberal since 1865.[7]
A radical on domestic questions when elected, Cowen was also a sympathizer with Irish Nationalism,[8] In speech, dress and manner he identified himself with the coal miners of North East England. According to Dilke he spoke with a distinctive Tyneside burr. To the consternation of Liberal operatives, Cowen vigorously supported Disraeli's foreign policy, and in 1881 opposed the Gladstonian settlement with the Boers.[7]
On 13 July 1876, he joined John Bright in introducing Joseph Chamberlain into the Commons as the new MP for Birmingham.[9]
Short in stature and uncouth in appearance, Cowen was unusual for wearing a soft hat in parliament, breaking with convention.[10] His individuality first shocked and then by its earnestness impressed the House of Commons; and his sturdy independence of party ties, combined with a gift of rough but genuine eloquence (of which his speech on the Royal Title Bill of 1876 was an example), rapidly made him one of the best-known public men in the country.[7]
His independence (which his detractors attributed in some degree to his alleged susceptibility to Tory compliments) brought him into collision both with the Liberal parliamentary party and with the party organization in Newcastle itself, but Cowen's personal popularity and his remarkable powers as an orator triumphed in his own birthplace, and he was again elected in 1885.[2][7]
Other interests
editCowen retired both from parliament and from public life in 1886,[8] professing his disgust at the party intrigues of politics, and devoted himself to conducting the Newcastle Daily Chronicle (which he had established in 1858),[11] and to his private business. In this capacity he exercised a wide influence on local opinion, and the revolt of the Newcastle electorate in later years against "doctrinaire Radicalism" was largely due to his constant preaching of a broader outlook on national affairs.[7] He served as president of the first day of the 1873 Co-operative Congress.[12]
Behind the scenes, he continued to play a powerful part in forming North-country opinion until his death. His letters were published by his daughter in 1909.[13][7]
Legacy
editA fine bronze statue of Cowen stands in Westgate Road in Newcastle upon Tyne.[14]
His name lives on in The Joseph Cowen Lifelong Learning Centre, a Charitable Incorporated Organisation also based in Newcastle upon Tyne, delivering the 'Explore' lecture programme.[15]
References
edit- ^ "Cowen Tracts | Collections | 19th Century Pamphlets Online". britishpamphlets.org.uk.
- ^ a b c d "The Blaydon Brick: Joseph Cowen". Newcastle University Library: Special Collections. 5 April 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ^ "Stella Hall, park | sitelines.newcastle.gov.uk". www.twsitelines.info. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
- ^ Asher, John. "The NUT - Joseph Cowen: a friend to the miners".
- ^ "Stella Hall". Sitelines – Tyne and Wear's Historic Environment Record. Newcastle City Council. 26 May 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ^ "Image: Demolition of Stella Hall, 1955". iSee Gateshead. Gateshead Council. Archived from the original on 19 March 2007 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b c d e f One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cowen, Joseph". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 346.
- ^ a b "Exhibitions".
- ^ Jenkins, R, (1958) "Dilke: A Victorian Tragedy"
- ^ "Some Traditions and Customs of the House" (PDF). Factsheet G7 General Series. House of Commons Information Office: 7. August 2010. ISSN 0144-4689.
- ^ "Newcastle Daily Chronicle". British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ^ Congress Presidents 1869-2002 (PDF), February 2002, archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2008, retrieved 10 May 2008
- ^ ""Joseph Cowen, Newcastle upon Tyne," by John Tweed". victorianweb.org.
- ^ Historic England. "Statue of Joseph Cowen at junction with Fenkle Street (1355328)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ^ "Joseph Cowen Lifelong Learning Centre". www.josephcowen.org.uk.
Bibliography
edit- Allen, Joan (2007). Joseph Cowen and Popular Radicalism on Tyneside 1829–1900.
- Waitt, E. I. (October 1972). John Morley, Joseph Cowen and Robert Spence Watson: Liberal divisions in Newcastle Politics, 1873-1895. unpublished to University of Manchester, PhD Thesis. Copies in Manchester University, Newcastle Central and Gateshead libraries.
- Jones, Evan Rowland (1885) [n.d.]. The Life and Speeches of Joseph Cowen, M.P. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington.
- Fynes, Richard (1873). Miners of Northumberland and Durham. Newcastle upon Tyne.
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External links
edit- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Joseph Cowen
- leighrayment.com[usurped]
- peerage.com
- J oseph Cowen's pamphlet collection at Newcastle University
- Catalogue entry to the Joseph Cowen papers at Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums, archived in 2013
- Joseph Cowen: Geordie Entrepreneur, Politician and Radical at draperonfilm.com