Beijing–Harbin railway

(Redirected from Jingha railway)

The Beijing–Harbin railway, or the Jingha Railway (simplified Chinese: 京哈铁路; traditional Chinese: 京哈鐵路; pinyin: Jīnghā Tiělù), is the railway that connects Beijing with Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang Province. It spans 1,249 km (776 mi). It is a very prominent route in the provinces of northeastern China.

Beijing–Harbin railway
京哈铁路
A CRH5 passing the Grand Canal Bridge in Tongzhou District, Beijing in 2021
Technical
Line length1,249 km (776 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge
Route map

km
0
Beijing
5
Beijing East
Xidian junction
12
Shuangqiao
20
Tongzhou
24
Gaoxinzhuang junction
Beiliugezhuang junction
Left arrowTongzhou–Yanjiao connecting line
36
Yanjiao
44
Dachangxian
Right arrowPinggu railway from Mafang
51
Sanping
59
Sanhexian
66
Duanjialing
83
Jizhou
94
Bieshan
101
Luoshan
117
Yutianxian
135
Fuzhuangzi
151
Tangshan
Left arrowlink to Tangshan
157
Yinchengpu
167
Langwopu
173
Shilangzhuang
180
Fushansi
188
Maliu
197
Yanggezhuang
208
Luanxian
Luanxian East
218
Zhugezhuang
222
Shimen
234
Jiulongshan
240
Houfengtai
249
Changli
256
Zhangjiazhuang
265
Liushouying
276
Beidaihe
284
Nandasi
299
Qinhuangdao
307
Longjiaying
315
Shanhaiguan
323.5
Dongdaihe
378
Suizhong North
399
Xingcheng West
437
Huludao North
463
Gaoqiao North
480
Jinzhou South
507
Linghai South
549
Panjin North
xx
Gaosheng North
604
Tai'an
635
Liaozhong
700
Huanggutun
703
Shenyang North
(high-speed/normal speed fields)
Shenbei EMU depot, Shenyang locomotive depot
713
Wenguantun
721
Hushitai
732
Xinchengzi
745
Xintaizi
752
Luanshishan
762
Deshengtai
771
Tieling
784
Pingdingbao
793
Zhonggu
805
Kaiyuan
816
Jingouzi
825
Mazhonghe
836
Changtu
860
Shuangmiaozi
872
Maojiadian
889
Siping
905
Shijiabao
915
Guojiadian
926
Caijia
935
Dayushu
942
Gongzhuling
964
Taojiatun
973
Fanjiatun
983
Datun
995
Changchun South
Changchun depot
Right arrow
Changchun West link line to Changchun West
Harbin–Changchun link line to Harbin West
1,003
Changchun
1,012
Changchun North
1,018
Yijianpu
1,037
Mishazi
1,047
Wopi
1,065
Buhai
1,085
Dehui
1,095
Zhongde
1,101
Dajiagou
1,112
Dingjiayuan
1,117
Yaojia
1,127
Taolaizhao
1,137
Tuanshan
1,148
Fuyu
1,165
Caijiagou
1,178
Lanling
1,199
Shuangchengpu
1,207
Anxi
1,217
Wujia
1,236
Wanggang
1,241
Harbin West
1,249
Harbin
km
Y510 from Qinhuangdao

History

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Steam locomotive 221 of the Peking−Mukden Railway. After 1949 these locomotives were known as the JF7-class.

Construction of the section between Tangshan and Tianjin began in 1881 as the Kaiping Tramway. This section is the second-oldest railway in China and the oldest still in use. (The oldest railway in China was the Woosung Railway in Shanghai, built in 1876 but dismantled and removed to Taiwan the next year.) Later this section was extended west to Beijing and east to Shanhaiguan. It was further extended to the east and reached Mukden (modern Shenyang) in Fengtian province (modern Liaoning) by 1912.

The railway operated under or was known by several names, including:

  • the Imperial Railroad of North China,
  • the Guanneiwai Railway (literally "Shanhaiguan Inner & Outer Railway"),
  • the Jingfeng Railway, or Peking−Mukden Railway in English, from August 1907 to 1928,
  • the Pingfeng Railway, or Peiping−Mukden Railway in English, from 1928 to April 1929,
  • the Beining Railway, from April 1929 to 1932.

Under the late Qing and during the early Republic, it was administered by and provided much of the revenue for the Ministry of Posts and Communications. It is now administered by the Ministry of Railways for the People's Republic of China.

The section from Shenyang to Harbin used to be a part of the South Manchuria branch of the Chinese Eastern Railway built by the Russian Empire from 1898 to 1902. Later, the section from Changchun to Shenyang became part of the Japanese-owned South Manchuria Railway. There used to be no linking line between the Beining Railway and the South Manchuria Railway. A bridge was built for the South Manchuria Railway to cross the Beining Railway. The Huanggutun Incident took place on June 4, 1928 right at this bridge, several kilometres east of the Huanggutun railway station on the Beining Railway.

After the Japanese occupation of Manchuria and the subsequent establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo, the section of the line east of Shanhaiguan - being within the territory of Manchukuo – was separated from the Beining Railway, becoming the Fengshan Line of the Manchukuo National Railway. In the Japanese-occupied territory under the authority of the collaborationist Provisional Government of the Republic of China, a new company was set up to manage railways and bus transportation in northern China (excluding the puppet states of Manchukuo and Mengjiang). Called the North China Transportation Company, it was formed in 1938 through the nationalisation of all railways in the territory of the Provisional Government, including the Beining Railway. During the existence of the NCTC, the truncated Beining Line was known as the Beishan Line (from its termini, Beijing and Shanhaiguan). The NCTC was liquidated after Japan's defeat in the Pacific War, and its operations were taken over by the Republic of China Railway in 1945; this became the China Railway after the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.

After 1949, the Beining Railway, the Shenyang−Changchun section of the South Manchuria Railway's Renkyō Line, and the Manchukuo National Railway's Changchun–Harbin Jingbin Line were merged and named the Jingha Railway.

Before 2007, the Beijing–Harbin railway shared the route with the Beijing–Shanghai railway from Beijing to Tianjin, and then to Qinhuangdao then continuing to Harbin. The railway was merged with the Beijing–Qinhuangdao railway, bypassing Tianjin. The remaining section between Tianjin and Qinhuangdao was renamed into the Tianjin–Shanhaiguan railway.

Current status

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An HXD3D train in Harbin.

As of December 31, 2006, it uses the Beijing–Qinhuangdao railway, the Qinhuangdao–Shenyang high-speed railway, and the Shenyang-Harbin portion of the Harbin–Dalian railway.

Important cities en route

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Mileage

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Station Mileage
Beijing 0
Beijing East 5 km (3.1 mi)
- Entering Hebei
Tangshan North 151 km (94 mi)
Luan County 208 km (129 mi)
Beidaihe 276 km (171 mi)
Qinhuangdao 299 km (186 mi)
Shanhaiguan 315 km (196 mi)
- Entering Liaoning
Huludao North 437 km (272 mi)
Jinzhou South 480 km (300 mi)
Panjin North 549 km (341 mi)
Liaozhong 653 km (406 mi)
Shenyang North 703 km (437 mi)
Tieling 771 km (479 mi)
- Entering Jilin
Siping 889 km (552 mi)
Gongzhuling 942 km (585 mi)
Changchun 1,003 km (623 mi)
- Entering Heilongjiang
Harbin 1,249 km (776 mi)

See also

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References

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