Isabella Roser was a sixteenth-century Catalan noble woman of Barcelona who helped Ignatius of Loyola and sponsored him, when, on returning from Jerusalem, the 30-year-old pilgrim wished to start anew his schooling. She later demanded membership of the Jesuits for herself and two female companions. Although this was initially granted it was rescinded and the order has remained open only to males ever since.
Life
editIsabella Roser was born into the powerful noble Ferrer family of Catalonia. She married the wealthy Barcelona merchant Juan Roser.[1]
In the early 1520s Isabella noticed Ignatius of Loyola while listening to a sermon in the church of Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona, and was struck by his grave and modest demeanor. She invited him to her home for dinner.[2]
Roser became part of a group of wealthy female sponsors of Loyola. Other notable members were Inez Pacual and Isabel de Josa. The group was nicknamed the "Inigas".[3]
In 1543, Isabella, who had been widowed in 1541, along with two female companions, her lady-in-waiting Francisca Cruyllas, and her friend Lucrezia di Bradine, arrived in Rome and obtained from Pope Paul III to be placed 'under the obedience' of Ignatius. They helped to finance and administer St Martha's, a rehabilitation center for reformed prostitutes.[citation needed]
On Christmas Day 1545, in Rome, the three women professed vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. Isabella also bequeathed her entire estate to the Society, although Ignatius attempted to refuse it.[4][5] Rumors began to circulate that Ignatius had robbed Isabella of her fortune. This dispute went to court, which decided against Isabel. She and her companions were dismissed from the Society on 1 October 1546.
In 1547, Ignatius successfully petitioned the Pope to have the Society freed for ever from accepting 'nuns or women living in community' under spiritual obedience.[6] Biographers of Saint Ignatius have called this the "affaire Roser".[1]
Isabella returned to Barcelona and continued live a pious life. Eventually she entered a Franciscan convent in Jerusalem where she lived until her death.[4]
Conflation with Isabel de Josa
editSince around the nineteenth century, some historians have confused the life of Isabella Roser with that of her contemporary and fellow supporter of Loyola, the scholar Isabel de Josa.[1]
Notes
edit- ^ a b c Dinner Party Database of Notable Women. Brooklyn Museum.
- ^ Young, William John (1959). Letters of St. Ignatius of Loyola
- ^ Fülöp-Miller, René (1997). Power and Secret of the Jesuits
- ^ a b Powers, Tom (2000). "18. There Were Women Jesuits"
- ^ Hendrix, Scott H.; Karant-Nunn, Susan C. (2008). Masculinity in the Reformation Era
- ^ Document De foeminis in Societatem non admittendis approved by Paul III on 19 May 1547
References
edit- Fulop-Miller, René (1997). Power and Secret of the Jesuits. Kessinger Publishing. p. 50. ISBN 0-7661-0056-1.
- "Isabella de Joya Roseres". Dinner Party Database of Notable Women. Brooklyn Museum. March 19, 2007. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
- Eshleman, Lloud W. (2007). Moulders of Destiny - Renaissance Lives and Times. Read Books. pp. 195, 201. ISBN 978-1-4067-3880-3.
- Powers, Tom (2000). "There Were Women Jesuits". Reprinted from Vistas Magazine (June 2000), Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California. SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY. pp. Section 18. Archived from the original on 2 November 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
- Young, William John (1959). Letters of St. Ignatius of Loyola. Loyola Press. pp. 9 Letter 4. ISBN 0-8294-0085-0.
- Hendrix, Scott H.; Karant-Nunn, Susan C. (2008). Masculinity in the Reformation Era. Truman State Univ Press. pp. 62, 64. ISBN 978-1-931112-76-5.
