Freelandia was a low-cost counter-culture airline company owned by founder Kenneth Moss that operated in 1973 and the beginning of 1974.[1] The company operated an aircraft that flew between various destinations, but in an attempt to avoid regulation by the Civil Aeronautics Board, the company did not call itself an airline. Instead, it positioned itself as a travel club, with paid members who voted where the aircraft would fly. It operated only one leased DC-8-21, but lower than expected sales caused the company to cease operations in 1974 after its aircraft was repossessed for non-payment. After its demise, the company and its founder were charged with false advertising and fraudulent business practices by the State of California.
 Freelandia logo (reconstructed) | |||||||
| |||||||
| Commenced operations | 1973 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ceased operations | 1974 | ||||||
| Fleet size | 1 Douglas DC-8-20 | ||||||
| Destinations | 7
Newark Liberty International Airport Los Angeles International Airport Hong Kong International Airport Turkey Atatürk International Airport Daniel K. Inouye International Airport El Dorado International Airport Miami International Airport | ||||||
History edit
Company founder Kenneth Moss made $1.5 million in the stock market before he was 26 (equivalent to $12,500,000 in 2023).[2][3] He invested $1.15 million (equivalent to $7,900,000 in 2023) of his own funds into the company, and received certification from the Federal Aviation Administration on August 7, 1973.[3][4] The company was founded as a non profit; Moss reported that income in excess of operating costs would be donated to worthy causes such as free clinics, free schools, and artists.[1][5] In order to avoid Civil Aeronautics Board regulation of its routes, it did not call itself an airline, but a travel club, with members voting on where the company's planes would fly.[6] The company said that it had obtained landing rights in Hong Kong, Yugoslavia, and South America.[6]
It flew one aircraft, a DC-8-21 which was painted entirely in a semi-dark yellow with a waving hand as its logo on the tail. It was equipped with 149 seats with first class leg room and a 7-seat lounge that would allow the passengers to mingle.[6] Many of the seats were later removed and replaced with pillows with seat belts.[7] It was decorated in what the company described as a "far-out chocolate-and-cream color".[1] In-flight service offered organic food, rock music, and a waterbed.[1] Entertainment options included books, chess, video games, and a pinball machine.[6][8] All of the company's flight personnel had at least 10,000 hours flight experience.[5] The company planned to add additional aircraft to its fleet every time the membership increased by 8,000.[6]
Fares were announced as $69 from Honolulu to San Francisco, $12.50 from San Francisco to Los Angeles, $69 from Los Angeles to New York, and $100 from New York to Brussels.[5] In order to get those discounted rates, travellers had to obtain a membership, with an annual fee of $50 for adults and $25 for kids under 12.[5][1] The advertised fares were about $30 cheaper than other airlines for the flight from San Francisco to Honolulu, and about $200 less than usual for flights from the West Coast to Brussels.[8] The company stated that three thousand people had signed up with the club before its first flight.[8] Its first flight took place on September 18, 1973, from San Francisco to Honolulu.[9]
Demise edit
Operations ended within a year of its creation due to low sales. In November 1973, overseas flights were scrapped because the company could not fill the flights.[10] In May 1974, the company's aircraft was repossessed by the leasing company for non-payment.[10] It flew an estimated 40 or 50 flights, mostly coast to coast, before operations ceased, but interest from members wasn't enough to fill the flights to make them profitable.[11] Despite saying that flights to Hawaii would occur three times per month, it only flew there twice and the second time it had trouble obtaining fuel for the return flight.[12]
In late 1974, the company and its founder were charged in a civil suit by the State of California for false advertising and fraudulent business practices.[13] While the company had been set up as a non-profit business, the founder also set up three other for-profit corporations that were paid by the company to perform various services.[12] Rolling Stone Magazine claimed that the founder stood to make several million dollars from the venture.[12]
In 1976, Moss settled the suit for $60,000, but paid no money because his net worth was listed as less than $1,000.[14]
Moss scandal edit
After Freelandia airline operations ceased, founder Kenneth Moss was implicated in the death of Robbie McIntosh, drummer of the Average White Band. Moss was charged with murder and unlawfully providing narcotics during a party at his home in September 1974. He pleaded guilty to involuntary manslaughter and was sentenced to 120 days in jail and four years' probation.[15] Moss served three months at a Malibu work farm.[16]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b c d e "To Hawaii Or New York for $69". Santa Clarita, California: The Signal. Zodiac News Service. 5 September 1973. Retrieved 10 June 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Metz, Robert (10 November 1974). "Bloom Fades at Bio-Medical". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ^ a b Kistler, Robert (17 September 1973). "Millionaire Dropout Tunes In To People". The Honolulu Advertiser. Los Angeles Times News Service. p. 31. Retrieved 10 June 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Freelandia Airlines Licensed to Operate". Naples, Florida: The Naples Daily News. Associated Press. 14 August 1973. p. 25. Retrieved 10 June 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d Burks, John (13 August 1973). "The Airline That's a Club". The San Francisco Examiner. p. 2. Retrieved 10 June 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d e Bigelow, Robert (17 September 1973). "Flight of Fancy Taking Shape". The Honolulu Advertiser. p. 31. Retrieved 10 June 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Freelandia just a plane now". White Plains, New York: The Journal News. 17 Mar 1974. p. 50. Retrieved 10 June 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c "Freelandia Airlines' Approach Is Lower Fares Through Dues". Muncie, Indiana: The Star Press. UPI. 2 September 1973. p. 35. Retrieved 10 June 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Armstrong, Dianne (19 September 1973). "Funky Flight was 'Fine'". The Honolulu Star-Bulletin. p. 37. Retrieved 10 June 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Flying Clubs: Establishment Vs. the Bargain-Hunters". Austin, Texas: Austin American-Statesman. Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service. 23 May 1974. p. 25. Retrieved 10 June 2019 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Witkin, Richard (14 August 1974). "Freelandia may never get off ground again". Mason City, Iowa: Globe-Gazette. The New York Times. p. 17. Retrieved 10 June 2010 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c Smollar, David (4 August 1974). "Freelandia air club takes nose dive". The Honolulu Advertiser. p. 3. Retrieved 10 June 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Oliver, Myrna (27 November 1974). "Suit Charges Fraud by Nonprofit 'Airline'". Los Angeles Times. p. 14. Retrieved 10 June 2019 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Oliver, Myrna (25 June 1976). "Head of Defunct 'Airline' to Pay Fines". The Los Angeles Times. p. 17. Retrieved 10 June 2019 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ "Ex-Stock Whiz Gets Jail Term In Drug Death". Charleston, West Virginia: The Charleston Daily Mail. Associated Press. 9 Jan 1976. p. 2. Retrieved 10 June 2019 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Lenzner, Robert. "Steel Wrapped in Velvet". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
