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Ferdinand Joseph Meinolph Anton Maria Freiherr[a] von Lüninck (3 August 1888 – 14 November 1944) was a German landowner, lawyer, military officer and politician. An early supporter of the Nazi Party, he became the Oberpräsident of the Province of Westphalia. He eventually joined the opponents of the regime and was executed in connection with the failed 20 July Plot.
Ferdinand Freiherrr von Lüninck | |
|---|---|
 Ferdinand Freiherr von Lüninck on trial before the People's Court, 1944 | |
| Oberpräsident, Province of Westphalia | |
| In office 22 February 1933 – 21 July 1938 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 3 August 1888 Ostwig, Province of Westphalia, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire |
| Died | 14 November 1944 (aged 56) Plötzensee Prison, Berlin, Nazi Germany |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Nationality | German |
| Political party | Nazi Party (NSDAP) |
| Other political affiliations | German National People's Party |
| Alma mater | University of Münster, University of Göttingen, University of Munich |
| Occupation | Lawyer Civil servant |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  German Empire |
| Branch/service | Imperial German Army |
| Years of service | 1914–1918 |
| Rank | Leutnant |
| Unit | Guards Rifles Battalion |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
| Awards | Iron Cross 1st and 2nd class |
Family
editScion of a noble family, Ferdinand Freiherr von Lüninck was born at the family estate Haus Ostwig, in Ostwig, Province of Westphalia, and was married to Auguste Freiin von Gaugreben-Schönau, with whom he had two daughters and three sons. His younger brother Hermann von Lüninck later became Oberpräsident of the Rhine Province.
Early years
editLüninck studied law at universities in Münster, Göttingen and Munich, passing his initial state examination in 1909. He served in the Imperial German Army during the First World War as a Leutnant and company commander in a Guards Rifles Battalion, earning the Iron Cross 1st and 2nd class. After the war, he adopted a career in government and was until 1922 District Administrator (Landrat) in Neuss. A conservative and a monarchist, he was fiercely opposed to democracy and the Weimar Republic. After his father's death, he resigned from the civil service and moved back to his family home to administer the estate. He became active in the Westphalia Landwirtschaftskammer, a body representing and regulating matters relating to rural interests and forests. From 1924 to 1928 he headed the Westphalia branch of Der Stahlhelm, a militant and conservative veterans association. A member of the conservative German National People's Party (Deutschnationale Volkspartei; DNVP) he supported the course that the Nazis were taking.
Career in Nazi Germany
editFollowing the Nazi seizure of power, Lüninck was appointed as Oberpräsident (Senior President) of the Province of Westphalia on 22 February 1933. During his time in office, he participated in the persecution and disenfranchisement of ethnic groups, and many anti-Jewish riots were held.[1] On 12 October 1933 he was appointed by Prussian Minister President Hermann Göring to the newly reconstituted Prussian State Council. In 1934 he also became a member of the Provincial Council of Westphalia.[2] Lüninck was never fully trusted by the Nazi hierarchy due to his ardent Catholicism and conservative, monarchist background; he was not one of the Alter Kampfer. On 21 July 1938, Lüninck was suspended as Oberpräsident on Göring's initiative, and was soon replaced by the Nazi Party Gauleiter of Gau Westphalia-North, Alfred Meyer.[3] From 1940 to 1943, he returned to military service as commander of a reserve battalion in Potsdam.
Involvement in the 20 July plot and death
editLüninck then became involved in the plans to overthrow Adolf Hitler after having met the plotters Carl Friedrich Goerdeler and Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg in Berlin at the end of 1943. He declared himself willing to take on a political assignment, and they were considering him for leadership of Wehrkreis (Military District) XX in Danzig, (today Gdańsk, Poland). After the plot failed, his participation was uncovered by the Gestapo and he was arrested on 25 July 1944. He was tried and sentenced to death by the Volksgerichtshof (People's Court) on 13 November 1944, and was hanged at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin the next day.
References
editNotes
edit- ^ Regarding personal names: Freiherr is a former title (translated as Baron). In Germany since 1919, it forms part of family names. The feminine forms are Freifrau and Freiin.
Citations
edit- ^ Klausa, Ekkehard (1993). "Vom Bündnispartner zum "Hochverräter". Der Weg des konservativen Widerstandskämpfers Ferdinand von Lüninck". Westfälische Forschungen. 43: 550.
- ^ Lilla, Joachim (2005). Der Prußische Staatsrat 1921–1933: Ein biographisches Handbuch. Düsseldorf: Droste Verlag. pp. 220, 298. ISBN 978-3-770-05271-4.
- ^ von-Lüninck-Straße Archived 2023-06-11 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 11 June 2023.
External links
edit
- Short biography of Ferdinand von Lüninck
- Ferdinand von Lüninck entry, p.291 in Das Deutsche Führerlexikon 1934-1935
- Newspaper clippings about Ferdinand von Lüninck in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
- Lüninck's Works in the Landwirtschaftskammer