Wikipedia

Executive federalism

Executive federalism is "the processes of intergovernmental negotiation that are dominated by the executives of the different governments within the federal system."[1] Alternatively, Donald Smiley defined executive federalism as “the relation between elected and appointed officials of the two orders of government.” [2]

Australia

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Main article: National Cabinet

During the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, the National Cabinet, consisting of the Prime Minister and the premiers and chief ministers of the Australian states and territories, in order to help guide the country through the crisis.[3][4][5] It has been described as akin to Australia's war cabinet during the Second World War.[6] As a special intergovernmental decision-making forum, its power is that which the leaders of all Australian jurisdictions bring to negotiate on behalf of their people, and to implement the decisions reached, a model which public policy expert Jennifer Menzies calls executive federalism. In this model, the citizens of each state or territory are represented by their elected heads, and the smaller states have equal representation[7]

Austria

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Main article: Conference of State Governors (Austria)

The Conference of State Governors (German: Landeshauptleutekonferenz) is an informal – not provided for in the Constitution of Austria – meeting of the nine state governors.[8] Alongside the Federal Council, the Austrian upper house, it is the second most important body for co-operation between the states as well as for federalism in the Austrian political system (in the modern Austria).[9][10] The Council of state governors is considered to be "the most powerful governing institution of the federal states" and a motor for strengthening the federal state",[11][12] the Federal Council itself is regarded as having little influence in Austria.[13] Its importance is also reflected in the fact that although it has no constitutional basis, numerous legal texts refer to it.[14]

Canada

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Main articles: First Ministers Conference and Council of the Federation

In Canada, the most publicized aspect of executive federalism is the First Ministers Conference; however, in the first decade of the 21st century, the Council of the Federation became the important bi-annual meeting between the Premiers of Canada. Notable efforts at the Council of the Federation include the attempt by former Premier of Ontario, Mike Harris, to promote the idea that the provinces should take primary responsibility to set the national standards in social policy [15] and Premier of Alberta, Ralph Klein, calling on other premiers to join him in opposing Ottawa's signing of the Kyoto protocol.[16]

Spain

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Main article: Conference of Presidents (Spain)

The Conference of Presidents is the highest-level political body for cooperation and the autonomous communities and the Government of Spain. It is at the top of the group of multilateral cooperation bodies. It has no constitutional or statutory basis. It is made up of the Prime Minister of Spain, (known as "president" in Spanish: Presidente), and who presides, the 17 presidents of the autonomous communities and the 2 mayors-president autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla. A first meeting under the presidency of Felipe González in 1990 can be considered precedent-setting.

Switzerland

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Main article: Conference of the Cantonal Governments

The Conference of the Cantonal Governments (Konferenz der Kantonsregierung., KdK) is a political platform of the cantonal governments in Switzerland, which serves to form opinions and exchange experiences within the cantons as well as to promote cooperation in the representation of interests vis-à-vis the federal government and abroad. Since the cantons, along with the population, are part of the state power of Switzerland, this conference (as are the regional government conferences and the directors' conferences) is of great importance. The KdK serves as the central contact point for the Federal Council as a whole for the federalist dialogue between the administration and the cantons and holds discussion with the Council of States.

References

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  1. ^ Watts, Ronald L. (1989). Executive federalism: A comparative analysis. Kingston, Ontario, Canada: Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, Queen's University. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-88911-560-6. ISSN 0840-4690.
  2. ^ Wells, Paul (November 2008). "Harper and the death (for now) of executive federalism". Maclean's. Rogers Publishing. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  3. ^ Shoebridge, Michael (18 March 2020). "The national cabinet is key to our coronavirus response. Here's how it will need to work". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  4. ^ Albanese, Anthony (15 March 2020). "Press conference transcript". pm.gov.au. Prime Minister's Office.
  5. ^ Burton, Tom (18 March 2020). "National cabinet creates a new federal model". Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  6. ^ Middleton, Karen (21–27 March 2020). "Inside Morrison's Covid-19 war cabinet". The Saturday Paper (293). Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  7. ^ Menzies, Jennifer (31 March 2020). "Explainer: What is the national cabinet and is it democratic?". The Conversation. Retrieved 31 March 2020. CC BY-ND 4.0
  8. ^ Öhlinger, Theo (2009). Verfassungsrecht (8., überarb. Aufl ed.). Wien: facultas.wuv. ISBN 978-3-7089-0405-4.
  9. ^ Öhlinger, Theo (2009). Verfassungsrecht (8., überarbeitete Auflage ed.). Wien: Facultas.wuv. ISBN 978-3-7089-0405-4.
  10. ^ Steger, Friedrich Michael, ed. (2007). Baustelle Bundesstaat: Perspektiven der Weiterentwicklung des politischen Systems Österreich. Studien zur politischen Wirklichkeit. Wien: Braumüller. ISBN 978-3-7003-1640-4.
  11. ^ Bußjäger, Peter (17 August 2018). "Föderalismus und Regionalismus in Österreich". bpb.de (in German). Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  12. ^ Bussjäger, Peter; Johler, Mirella M. (16 December 2020). Power-Sharing in Europe: Past Practice, Present Cases, and Future Directions. Palgrave Macmillan Cham. pp. 43–66. ISBN 978-3-030-53590-2.
  13. ^ Riescher, Gisela; Ruß-Sattar, Sabine; Haas, Christoph M., eds. (2010). Zweite Kammern. Lehr- und Handbücher der Politikwissenschaft (2., überarb. und erw. Aufl ed.). München: Oldenbourg. ISBN 978-3-486-58312-0.
  14. ^ Hölzel, Christian Peter (1 July 2009). Die Möglichkeiten der Länder zur Einflußnahme auf die Europäische Union [The states’ opportunities to influence the European Union] (in Deutsch). Vienna: GRIN Verlag. ISBN 9783640442515.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  15. ^ Bakvis, Herman; Baier, Gerald; Brown, Douglas (2009). Contested federalism: Certainty and ambiguity in the Canadian federation. Oxford University Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-19-542529-1.
  16. ^ McCarthy, Shawn (3 August 2002). "Premiers derail Klein plan: Nunavut leader warns colleagues of lasting damage from climate change". Globe and Mail.


 

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