Yongchun dialect

Yongchun
Yongchun
永春话 / 永春話
Native to	People's Republic of China; Republic of China; Malaysia; Singapore; Indonesia; Philippines; Brunei; Myanmar
Region	Yongchun County, Quanzhou, Southern Fujian province.
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Min Coastal Min Southern Min Hokkien Quanzhou Yongchun; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Early forms	Proto-Sino-Tibetan Old Chinese Proto-Min ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None

The Yongchun dialect (simplified Chinese: 永春话; traditional Chinese: 永春話; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Éng-chhun-ōe) is a dialect of the Hokkien language mostly spoken in Yongchun County of Quanzhou city in Southern Fujian Province, China. It belongs to the Quanzhou Hokkien branch.

Because most of the early immigrants to southern Malaysia were Quanzhou people, minority Quanzhou Yongchun people in Klang spoke the Yongchun dialect, and the other are assimilation by Tung'an Dialect.

Phonology

The table below contains all the finals of the Yongchun dialect.^[4]

i 支,資	a 飽,爸	e 袋,下	u 有,龜	o 無,道	ɔ 故,古	ɯ 豬,去	ə 火,灰
ia 寫,奇	iu 丑,休	io 少,笑	iou 張	iau 了,刁	ieʔ 滅,别	au 流,交	ou 河
im 心,金	am 含,街	əm 欣,森	iam 減,欠	m 毋,梅	in 新, 品	an 安,干	un 分,雲
ian (iɛn) 電,現	uan 權	iŋ 朋,丁	aŋ 紅,東	ɔŋ 講,仿	iaŋ 響,誰	iɔŋ 忠,央	uaŋ 風
it 筆,必	at 插	ãt 炸,閘	uat 法,髮	uet 八,拔	iat (iɛt) 揭,切	ət 說
ak 迫,白	ɔk 各,駁	iak 頁,白	iɔk 著,咯	uak 潑,脱	uik 突,率	ŋ 光,床
ip 立,吸	ap 答,朵	iap 粒,澀	ui 桂,貴	ua 大,刮	ue 多,花	uai 怪,歪
ĩ 圓,平	ã 三,罵	ẽ 妹,奶	ãi 耐,唉	iã 走,驚	uĩ 关,千	uã 官,汗	uãi 彎
iʔ	aʔ	eʔ	uʔ	əʔ	ɯʔ	iaʔ	ioʔ
ãuʔ	ɔʔ	ŋ̍ʔ	iɔʔ	ueʔ	iãuʔ

Notes

^ Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.^[1]^[2]^[3]

References

^ Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
^ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
^ "闽南永春方言语气词及研究". Fujian Normal University (福建师范大学).

[minClassification-4] Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.^[1]^[2]^[3]

[1] Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766

[2] Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8

[glottoMin-3] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.

[5] "闽南永春方言语气词及研究". Fujian Normal University (福建师范大学).

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[4]

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[2]

[3]

Yongchun
永春话 / 永春話
Native to	People's Republic of China Republic of China Malaysia Singapore Indonesia Philippines Brunei Myanmar
Region	Yongchun County, Quanzhou, Southern Fujian province.
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Min Coastal Min Southern Min Hokkien Quanzhou Yongchun
Early forms	Proto-Sino-Tibetan Old Chinese^[a] Proto-Min
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None