The Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (Indonesian: Panglima Tentara Nasional Indonesia, known as Panglima TNI) is the highest position in the Indonesian National Armed Forces. The position is held by the four-star General/Admiral/Air Marshal appointed by and reporting directly to the President of Indonesia.
| Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces | |
|---|---|
| Panglima TNI | |
 Insignia of the Armed Forces | |
| Indonesian National Armed Forces | |
| Style | Panglima |
| Member of | Advanced Indonesia Cabinet (Kabinet Indonesia Maju) |
| Reports to | President of Indonesia |
| Residence | Rumah Dinas Panglima TNI, Menteng - Jakarta |
| Seat | Indonesian Armed Forces Headquarters, Cilangkap - Jakarta |
| Nominator | President of Indonesia |
| Appointer | President of Indonesia with Legislative Board approval |
| Formation | 1945 |
| First holder | General Soedirman |
| Deputy | Deputy Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces |
First official Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces is General Soedirman, at the time the position is known as Commanding General of the People's Security Forces (Panglima Besar Tentara Keamanan Rakyat), which later will be called Commander of the Army of the Republic of Indonesia (Panglima Tentara Republik Indonesia), Commander of the Republic of Indonesia Military Forces (Panglima Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia), Chief of Staffs of the Armed Forces (Kepala Staf ABRI), Commander of the Armed Forces (Panglima ABRI), and finally Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (Panglima TNI, when Indonesian National Police was excluded) until now. As the first commander, General Sudirman is not appointed by the President of Indonesia, instead elected by People's Security Armed Forces personnel during a meeting knownly as People's Security Armed Forces Conference on 12 November 1945. Prior to appointment of General Soedirman, the position is held by Lt. Gen. Oerip Soemohardjo on an interim basis.[1]
Various four-star officers (army generals, navy admirals, and air force marshals) from armed forces branches (Army, Navy, Air Force) has held the office. As stated by law (undang-undang no 34/2004), the office has to be held by officer from each service branch who is/was the Chief of Staff (either KSAD, KSAU, or KSAL respectively).
The office is held by General Andika Perkasa, an Indonesian Army officer, who was inaugurated by President Joko Widodo on 17 December 2021.
As a commander, he has direct command control to all of the principal operational commands such as Army Strategic Command, Kopassus, Indonesian Marine Corps, Fleet Commands, Air Ops Commands, etc. As per president's decree 66/2019, an office of Deputy Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces was established in which a four-star officer (army general, navy admiral, or air force marshal) would be the holder.[2] Since 2019, the position is still vacant.
Responsibilities
As per Presidential Decree no.66 of 2019, the responsibilities of the Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces are to: [2]
- lead the Armed Forces
- implement the national defense policy
- exercise the military strategy & operations
- develop the doctrinal policies
- exercise TNI power projection for military operation matters
- exercise TNI power development and maintain operational readiness
- provide advisory to Minister of Defense on national defense policy
- provide advisory to Minister of Defense on TNI's demand fulfillment and other defense components
- provide advisory to Minister of Defense on development and execution of strategic planning of national resources for national defense matters
- utilize reserve component after mobilized for military operation matters
- utilize supporting component which has been prepared for military operation matters
- exercise other roles and responsibilities entrusted to his office by the Constitution and laws of the Republic
List of Commanders
| No. | Portrait | Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Defence branch | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Lieutenant general Oerip Soemohardjo (1893–1948) Acting | 17 August 1945 | 12 November 1945 | 87 days |  Army | [1] | |
| 1 | General Soedirman (1916–1950) [a] | 12 November 1945 | 29 January 1950 † | 4 years, 78 days | Army | [1] | |
| 2 | Major general T. B. Simatupang (1920–1990) as Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces | 29 January 1950 | 4 November 1952 | 2 years, 280 days | Army | [1] | |
| Vacant Position abolished by President Sukarno after the 17 October 1952 incident. | |||||||
| 3 | General Abdul Haris Nasution (1918–2000) as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff[b] | December 1955 | July 1959 | 3 years, 7 months | Army | [1] | |
| 4 | Air Chief Marshal Soerjadi Soerjadarma (1912–1975) as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff[c] | July 1959 | 19 January 1962 | 2 years, 6 months |  Air Force | [1] | |
| (3) | General Abdul Haris Nasution (1918–2000) as Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces[b] | January 1962 | March 1966 | 4 years, 1 month | Army | [1] | |
| Vacant Position abolished by President Sukarno after the 30 September Movement incident. | |||||||
| 5 | General Soeharto (1921–2008) as Commander of the Armed Forces[d] | June 1968 | March 1973 | 4 years, 9 months | Army | [1] | |
| 6 | General Maraden Panggabean (1922–2000) | March 1973 | April 1978 | 5 years, 1 month | Army | [1] | |
| 7 | General Mohammad Jusuf (1928–2004) | April 1978 | 28 March 1983 | 4 years, 11 months | Army | . | |
| 8 | General Leonardus Benjamin Moerdani (1932–2004) [e] | 28 March 1983 | 27 February 1988 | 4 years, 336 days | Army | . | |
| 9 | General Try Sutrisno (born 1935) | 27 February 1988 | 19 February 1993 | 4 years, 358 days | Army | . | |
| 10 | General Edi Sudradjat (1938–2006) [f] | 19 February 1993 | 21 May 1993 | 91 days | Army | . | |
| 11 | General Feisal Tanjung (1939–2013) | 21 May 1993 | 12 February 1998 | 4 years, 267 days | Army | . | |
| 12 | General Wiranto (born 1947) [g] | 16 February 1998 | 26 October 1999 | 1 year, 256 days | Army | . | |
| 13 | Admiral Widodo Adi Sutjipto (born 1944) | 26 October 1999 | 7 June 2002 | 2 years, 224 days |  Navy | . | |
| 14 | General Endriartono Sutarto (born 1947) | 7 June 2002 | 13 February 2006 | 3 years, 251 days | Army | . | |
| 15 | Air Chief Marshal Djoko Suyanto (born 1950) | 13 February 2006 | 28 December 2007 | 1 year, 318 days | Air Force | [3] | |
| 16 | General Djoko Santoso (1952–2020) | 28 December 2007 | 28 September 2010 | 2 years, 274 days | Army | ||
| 17 | Admiral Agus Suhartono (born 1955) | 28 September 2010 | 30 August 2013 | 2 years, 336 days | Navy | [4] | |
| 18 | General Moeldoko (born 1957) | 30 August 2013 | 8 July 2015 | 1 year, 312 days | Army | [5] | |
| 19 | General Gatot Nurmantyo (born 1960) | 8 July 2015 | 8 December 2017 | 2 years, 153 days | Army | [6] | |
| 20 | Air Chief Marshal Hadi Tjahjanto (born 1963) [h] | 8 December 2017 | 17 November 2021 | 3 years, 344 days | Air Force | ||
| 21 | General Andika Perkasa (born 1964) | 17 November 2021 | Incumbent | 2 years, 242 days | Army | ||
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![Edi Sudradjat [id]](/wiki/File:Jenderal_TNI_Edi_Sudradjat.png)
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See also
Notes
- ^ Position known as Grand Commander of the People's Security Armed Forces and later as Commanding General of the National Armed Forces (Panglima Besar Tentara Keamanan Rakyat until 1946, Panglima Besar TNI from 1948-1950 )
- ^ a b Also served concurrently as Chief of Staff of the Army.
- ^ Also served concurrently as Chief of Staff of the Air Force.
- ^ Also served concurrently as President and Minister of Defence and Security.
- ^ Also served concurrently as Commander of the Operational Command for the Restoration of Security and Order (Kopkamtib). First Commander of the Armed Forces who was not also appointed as Minister of Defense.
- ^ Also served concurrently as Minister of Defence and Security (from 17 March 1993) and Chief of Staff of the Army (until 23 March 1993).
- ^ Also served concurrently as Minister of Defence and Security.
- ^ also served concurrently as Chief of Staff of the Air Force (until 17 January 2018).
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Bartain, Simatupang (13 August 2005). "Kedudukan Panglima TNI". Pikiran Rakyat (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 9 October 2007.
- ^ a b Peraturan Presiden Nomor 66 Tahun 2019 tentang Susunan Organisasi Tentara Nasional Indonesia (Presidential Decree 66) (in Indonesian). President of Indonesia. 2019.
- ^ "Indonesian Parliament Endorse Djoko Suyanto as Military Chief". Antara. 5 February 2006. Archived from the original on 5 February 2006.
- ^ "Adm. Agus Suhartono to be installed as new TNI chief Tuesday". The Jakarta Post. 28 September 2010. Archived from the original on 3 December 2010.
- ^ Rinaldo (30 August 2013). "Presiden SBY Lantik Panglima TNI dan KSAD Pagi Ini". liputan6dotcom. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
- ^ "Gatot Nurmantyo officially becomes TNI commander". The Jakarta Post. 14 July 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.