Calinaga buddha, the freak, is a species of butterfly in the Nymphalidae family, Calinaginae subfamily. It is found from Muree, Punjab, Pakistan to Assam, India and from Sikkim, India to north Myanmar.[1] The subspecies C. b. brahma Butler, 1885 is found in Yunnan, China and Assam India, and the subspecies C. b. formosana Fruhstorfer, 1908 is found in Taiwan.[1]
| Freak | |
|---|---|
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| C. b. formosana Fruhstorfer, 1908 | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | Calinaga |
| Species: | C. buddha
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| Binomial name | |
| Calinaga buddha Moore, 1857
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| Subspecies[1] | |
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6 subspecies
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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3 synonyms
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Description
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The upperside ground colour is fuliginous (sooty) black with the veins prominently black. Forewings and hindwings with the following white markings, sometimes slightly tinged with cream colour. Forewing: basal half of cell; a transverse spot at its apex; basal two-thirds of interspace 1 a small diffuse spot at bases of interspaces 4 and 5; a discal transverse series of elongate spots from interspace 2 to costa, becoming slender streaks in interspaces 9 and 10; and a postdiscal series of more rounded spots, minute in interspaces 7 and 8. The elongate white mark in interspace 1 traversed by a slender black streak. Hindwing with the following similar while markings: The dorsal margin broadly up to vein 1; the basal half of interspace 1; nearly the whole of the discoidal cell; spots at base of interspaces 4, 5, 6, and 7; an upper discal transverse series of four elongate spots, and a postdiscal similar series of more rounded smaller spots. Underside: forewing pale fuliginous black; white markings as on the upperside, but larger, more diffuse. Hindwing: ground colour ochraceous; white markings as on the upperside, but interspaces 1 a and 1 strongly tinged with ochraceous; discal and postdiscal series of six, not four, spots each; veins chestnut-brown. Antenna, head, thorax posteriorly and abdomen black; pronotum and mesonotum anteriorly and on the sides with crimson pubescence; beneath, antennae, head, thorax and abdomen black.[2]
Larvae
editMorus australis Poir. is a host plant for C. buddha.[3] The female lays isolated eggs on the underside of leaves of the host plant. The first instar larvae feed from the tip of the leaves without eating the midrib. The tiny larva uses the tip of the uneaten midrib for resting. The larvae from second to fourth instar make a refuge by cutting and folding one side of the leaf,[4] while the last instar larvae elaborate a tubular refuge by spinning silk.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "Calinaga buddha Moore, 1857". Finnish University and Research Network (FUNET). Retrieved 24 June 2024.
- ^ Bingham, Charles Thomas (1905). Blanford, William Thomas (ed.). The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma – Butterflies. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 466–467. OCLC 1123474827. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
- ^ "Calinga buddha Moore 1857". Biodiversity Informatics Group. Natural History Museum, London. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
Hostplant Family: Moraceae, Hostplant Genus: Morus, Hostplant Species: australis
- ^ "Calinaga buddha – Freak". Reiman Gardens Iowa State University. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
Eggs are laid singly on the underside of the leaves. First instar caterpillars feed on tips but leave midrib and use it as a resting place. Later instars make a shelter out of the leaf.