Cesar Enrique Aguinaldo Virata KGCR (born December 12, 1930)[2] is a Filipino former statesman and businessman who was the fourth Prime Minister of the Philippines from 1981 to 1986. He is currently the corporate vice chairman of the Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation.[3] He is the eponym of the Cesar Virata School of Business, the business school of the University of the Philippines Diliman.
Cesar Virata | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Virata in 2019 | |
| 4th Prime Minister of the Philippines | |
| In office July 28, 1981[1] – February 25, 1986 | |
| President | Ferdinand Marcos |
| Deputy | José Roño |
| Preceded by | Ferdinand Marcos |
| Succeeded by | Salvador Laurel |
| 3rd Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority and Minister of Economic Planning | |
| In office 1983–1984 | |
| President | Ferdinand Marcos |
| Preceded by | Placido Mapa Jr. |
| Succeeded by | Vicente Valdepeñas Jr. |
| Secretary/Minister of Finance | |
| In office February 9, 1970 – March 3, 1986 | |
| President | Ferdinand Marcos |
| Preceded by | Eduardo Romualdez |
| Succeeded by | Jaime Ongpin |
| Member of the Regular Batasang Pambansa | |
| In office June 30, 1984 – March 25, 1986 | |
| Constituency | Cavite |
| Member of the Interim Batasang Pambansa | |
| In office June 12, 1978 – June 5, 1984 | |
| Constituency | Region IV-A |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Cesar Enrique Aguinaldo Virata December 12, 1930 Kawit, Cavite, Philippine Islands |
| Political party | Independent (1986–present) KBL (1978–1986) |
| Spouse | Phylita Joy Gamboa |
| Children | 3 |
| Alma mater | University of the Philippines Diliman University of Pennsylvania (MBA) |
| Awards | Grand Cordon, Order of the Rising Sun |
Education
editWhile he was studying at Wharton School, Virata studied about American labor, steel industry, automotive industry, and many others which was not discussed when he was a student of the University of the Philippines. He also took money and banking as well as cost accounting and advanced money and banking courses, while doing so. In line with that, he realized that around a third of the things he was learning at Wharton were in reality, not applicable to the Philippine setting, specifically the automotive industry.[4]
Government service
editFinance minister
editHe served as Finance Minister from 1970 to 1986 under President Ferdinand Marcos.
Prime Minister of the Philippines
edit
Virata served as Prime Minister of the Philippines[5] from 1981 to 1986 under the Interim Batasang Pambansa and the Regular Batasang Pambansa, concurrently with his position as Finance Minister. He also headed the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), the country's highest economic planning body, while also serving as the prime minister. Virata was the third to occupy the position and was succeeded by economist Vicente Valdepeñas, Jr.
After the 1986 EDSA Revolution
editHe was replaced as prime minister in the aftermath of the 1986 People Power Revolution by Salvador Laurel. Laurel succeeded Virata as prime minister on February 25, 1986, through the appointment of Corazon Aquino, but the position was abolished a month later by Proclamation No. 3 (the 'Freedom Constitution'). The office was confirmed as superseded by the 1987 Constitution, which again fused the offices of the head of state and the head of government in the President.
Academe
editPrior to assuming leadership positions in the government service during the Marcos administration, Virata used to teach at the business school of the University of the Philippines Diliman. He served as dean of the College of Business Administration, which was named after him on April 12, 2013, by the University of the Philippines Board of Regents (BOR) as the Cesar E.A. Virata School of Business. Several interest groups, including U.P. Kilos Na, have protested this renaming of the business school, and the BOR decided to restudy its decision during its board meeting held last July 29, 2013. Some members in certain interest groups, including U.P. Kilos Na, the UP Diliman University Council, undergraduates of the UP College of Business, and in the BOR itself then objected to renaming the business school after Virata. The matter was discussed at length in a series of meetings which resulted in the BOR re-affirming its decision to rename the college after Virata.[6]
Family and personal life
editVirata is married to Phylita Joy Gamboa, a popular stage actress, and has three children: Steven Cesar, a businessman; Gillian Joyce, an educator; and Michael Dean, a doctor specializing in infectious diseases. The grandnephew of the first president, Emilio Aguinaldo, Virata holds an MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Virata is also an accomplished tennis player. His uncle, Leonides Sarao Virata, also served during under Marcos as Secretary of Trade and Industry and chairman of the Development Bank of the Philippines. As with most of his family, Virata is a member of the Philippine Independent Church.[7]
Biographies
editVirata's life and his impact on Philippine economic history have been the subject of various books. The most of extensive biography to cover Virata as its main subject is Gerardo Sicat's 2014 biography, "Cesar Virata: Life and Times Through Four Decades of Philippine Economic History."[8] He is also one of the main subjects of Teresa S. Encarnacion Tadem's 2019 Ateneo Press book "Philippine Politics and the Marcos Technocrats: The Emergence and Evolution of a Power Elite."[9]
Honors
edit
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (2016)[10]- Most Distinguished Brother, Pan Xenia International Professional Foreign Trade Fraternity
See also
edit- Prime Minister of the Philippines
- National Economic and Development Authority (Prime Minister was also the head of the NEDA)
- Gerardo P. Sicat, 2014. Cesar Virata Life and Times Through Four Decades of Philippine Economic History, Diliman, Quezon City: The University of Philippines Press, ISBN 978-971-542-742-5.
References
edit- ^ Acting from June 30, 1981 to July 28, 1981
- ^ Profile of Cesar Virata
- ^ Tupas, Emmanuel. "Año, Bongbong, Virata test positive". PhilStar.com. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
- ^ Encarnacion-Tadem, Teresa. Philippine Politics and the Marcos Technocrats: The Emergence and Evolution of a Power Elite. Ateneo de Manila University Press. p. 61.
- ^ "Aquino Abolishes Assembly, Declares Interim Government". Milwaukee Journal. AP. March 25, 1986. p. 3. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
- ^ Hidalgo, Cristina Pantoja (2016). The UP Cesar E.A. Virata School of Business: A Century of Business Education in the Philippines (First ed.). Diliman, Quezon City: UP Business Research Foundation, Inc. pp. 81–82. ISBN 978-621-95585-0-1.
- ^ Wilson Lee Flores (May 22, 2016). "Is a socialist 'ghost' to be feared?". The Philippine Star. Retrieved December 14, 2019.
- ^ Sicat, Gerardo P. (2014). Cesar Virata : life and times through four decades of Philippine economic history. Diliman, Quezon City. ISBN 978-971-542-741-8. OCLC 885027140.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Tadem, Teresa S. Encarnacion (2019). Philippine politics and the Marcos technocrats : the emergence and evolution of a power elite. Quezon City, Philippines. ISBN 978-971-550-913-8. OCLC 1120784698.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Kristine Angeli Sabillo (November 25, 2016). "Marcos admin PM Virata receives award from Japanese gov't". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved November 25, 2016.