The Beaver Mines Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Early Cretaceous (Albian) age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin[2] that is present in southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia, Canada. It was established by G.B. Mellon in 1967 who named it for the hamlet of Beaver Mines, Alberta.[1] It contains a variety of plant fossils.[3]
| Beaver Mines Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Early Cretaceous (Albian) | |
| Type | Formation |
| Unit of | Blairmore Group |
| Underlies | Ma Butte Formation |
| Overlies | Gladstone Formation |
| Thickness | up to 455 m (1,490 ft) |
| Location | |
| Region |  Alberta British Columbia |
| Country |  Canada |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Beaver Mines, Alberta |
| Named by | G.B. Mellon, 1967[1] |
Lithology edit
Fine- to coarse-grained greenish-grey sandstone interbedded with greenish-grey mudstone and siltstone, and lesser amounts of conglomerate, bentonite, and tuff. Some conglomerate beds contain pebbles of volcanic origin. Minor argillaceous limestone is present at the top in some areas. The sandstones are feldspathic, in contrast to the quartzose sandstones of the overlying Ma Butte Formation.[4]
Environment of deposition and paleontology edit
The Beaver Mines Formation was deposited in floodplain and fluvial channel environments by meandering river systems.[5] It contains a variety of plant fossils including remains of ferns, cycads, cycadeoids, Ginkgos and extinct conifers, but remains of flowering plants do not appear until the overlying Ma Butte Formation.[3][6]
Distribution and thickness edit
The Beaver Mines Formation is present in the southern foothills of southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia and extends as far north as the Clearwater River where it grades into the Gates Formation of the Luscar Group.[7] It reaches a maximum thickness of about 455 m (1,490 ft) at Ma Butte north of the Crowsnest Pass.[4]
Relationship to other units edit
The Beaver Mines Formation is part of the Blairmore Group. It disconformably overlies the Gladstone Formation and grades into the Gates Formation of the Luscar Group north of the Clearwater River. It is disconformably overlain by the Ma Butte Formation in the southern foothills and by the Blackstone Formation north of the Red Deer River. To the east, it is correlated with the upper part of the Mannville Group.[4]
See also edit
- List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in British Columbia
- Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 17 December 2021.
References edit
- ^ a b Mellon, G.B. 1967. Stratigraphy and petrography of the Lower Cretaceous Blairmore and Mannville Groups, Alberta foothills and plains. Alberta Research Council, Bulletin 21.
- ^ Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists and Alberta Geological Survey (1994). "The Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Chapter 19: Cretaceous Mannville Group of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin". Compiled by Mossop, G.D. and Shetsen, I. Archived from the original on 2016-07-01. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
- ^ a b Bell, W.A. 1949. Lower Cretaceous floras of western Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 285, 331 p.
- ^ a b c Glass, D.J. (editor) 1997. Lexicon of Canadian Stratigraphy, vol. 4, Western Canada including eastern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, 1423 p. on CD-ROM. ISBN 0-920230-23-7.
- ^ Taylor, D.R. and Walker, R.G. 1984. Depositional environments and paleogeography of the Albian Moosebar Formation and adjacent fluvial Gladstone and Beaver Mines Formations, Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 21, p. 698-714.
- ^ McLean, 1980. Lithostratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous coal-bearing sequence, foothills of Alberta. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 80-29.
- ^ Langenberg, C.W. and McMechan, M.E. 1985. Lower Cretaceous Luscar Group (revised) of the northern and north-central foothills of Alberta. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, vol. 33, p. 1-11.