Barbara "Dusty" Roads (April 9, 1928 – November 21, 2023) was an American labor activist and American Airlines flight attendant. She successfully fought the industry wide practice that fired stewardesses once they reached the age of 32, citing gender discrimination when compared to male pilots. She helped found the Association of Professional Flight Attendants in 1977, one of the largest independent labor unions.
Barbara "Dusty" Roads | |
|---|---|
| Born | April 9, 1928 Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | November 21, 2023 (aged 95) Santa Rosa, California, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Adelbert College |
| Occupation(s) | Labor activist, flight attendant |
| Employer | American Airlines |
Early life and education edit
Roads was born and grew up in the Gates Mills suburb of Cleveland, Ohio on April 9, 1928.[1][2] As a child, she was interested in becoming a pilot, but recalls her father telling her that the airlines "don’t hire ladies”.[3]
Roads graduated from Flora Stone Mather College. Her father, Conger G. Roads, was a lawyer who graduated from the Western Reserve University School of Law. Barbara has a brother, David.[4]
Career and activism edit
Roads joined American Airlines as a flight attendant in 1950. In 1953, the airline implemented a change in the contracts for stewardesses that would force an 'early retirement' at the age of 32. This rule was soon adopted across the airline industry. Roads pushed for the Airline Stewards and Stewardesses Association (ALSSA) union to fight this rule on the grounds of gender discrimination.[5] Roads served as the contract negotiator for ALSSA, as well as the chair for the Los Angeles base. In 1958, she was appointed to the role of ALSSA's national lobbyist. While working in Washington, D.C., she befriended both Rep. Martha W. Griffiths and Sen. Margaret Chase Smith, earning their support for her cause.[6]
Roads continued the fight into the 1960s and regularly lobbied politicians and celebrities during flights, including then-Vice President Richard Nixon.[4] At a press conference in 1963, Roads famously asked reporters "Do I look like an old bag?", making newspaper headlines across the country and raising the national profile of the issue of gender discrimination.[7]
After the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Roads joined with other flight attendants to file the first anti-discrimination complaint in the United States. According to Roads: "The bill said that the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission would begin operating on July 1st, 1965. We were on their doorstep."[8] Their case was finally won in 1968 when the EEOC issued a ruling disallowing "age ceilings" by American Airlines and the rest of the airline industry.[9]
In 1977, Roads helped found the Association of Professional Flight Attendants, one of the largest independent labor unions.[10] Roads retired at the age of 66.[6]
Later life and death edit
In 2017, Roads was honored as a "Trailblazing Woman in Labor and Business" by the National Women's History Project for her work fighting gender discrimination within the airline industry.[6]
Roads died in Santa Rosa, California on November 21, 2023, at the age of 95.[11]
References edit
- ^ Ganzer, Tony (9 September 2014). "A Clevelander, Retired Flight Attendant, And Women's Rights Pioneer". Ideastream. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
- ^ "Barbara Roads". New York State, Passenger and Crew Lists, 1917–1967. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ Voutiritsas, Thea (21 March 2017). "Barbara "Dusty" Roads". University of Missouri–Kansas City. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ a b "Civil Rights pioneer Barbara "Dusty" Roads to participate in panel discussion, "The Fight For Fairness in Flight"". Case Western Reserve University. 9 September 2014. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ "Barbara "Dusty" Roads (1928-)". La Crosse Tribune. 28 February 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ a b c "2017 Theme and 2017 Honorees". National Women's History Alliance. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ Wulfhart, Nell (20 April 2022). "How Airline Stewardesses Fought Their Industry's Toxic Patriarchal Norms". Literary Hub. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
- ^ Barry, Kathleen (28 February 2017). Femininity in Flight: A History of Flight Attendants. Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822339465. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ Berg, Barbara (1 September 2009). Sexism in America: Alive, Well, and Ruining Our Future. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 9781569763322. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
- ^ "Barbara "Dusty" Roads". Association of Professional Flight Attendants. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
- ^ "Barbara Roads". Trident Society. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
External links edit
- "Dusty Roads: Stewardess Who Fought Back". YouTube. 22 August 2012.