Ascarat (French pronunciation: [askaʁat]; Basque: Azkarate)[3] is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.
Ascarat
Azkarate | |
|---|---|
 Traditional Farmhouse in Ascarat | |
.svg) Coat of arms | |
Location of Ascarat  | |
  Ascarat  Ascarat | |
| Coordinates: 43°10′17″N 1°15′14″W / 43.1714°N 1.2539°W | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques |
| Arrondissement | Bayonne |
| Canton | Montagne Basque |
| Intercommunality | CA Pays Basque |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–2026) | Philippe Etchenique[1] |
| Area 1 | 5.82 km2 (2.25 sq mi) |
| Population (2021)[2] | 339 |
| • Density | 58/km2 (150/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 64066 /64220 |
| Elevation | 120–446 m (394–1,463 ft) (avg. 161 m or 528 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
Geography edit
Ascarat is located in the former province of Lower Navarre in the Aldudes Valley immediately north-west of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port. Access to the commune is by the D918 road from Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port which passes through the length of the commune on the eastern side and continues to Louhossoa. The D15 road goes north-west from Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port through the southern part of the commune continuing to Irouléguy. Access to the village is by country roads - Garategana from the D15 and Learraa from the D918. There are substantial forests in the commune however about 70% of the land area is farmland.[6]
The Nive river forms the eastern border of the commune as it flows north to join the Adour at Bayonne. Three streams flow into the Nive in the commune: the Nive d'Arnéguy, the Nive de Béhérobie, the Berroko erreka, and the Pagolako erreka.[6]
Places and hamlets edit
- Apelchénéa
- Arbelarréa
- Arrécharborda
- Béhérekoetchéa
- Bentaberria
- Beskinaénéa
- Bidartéa
- Bordia
- Burugorriénéa
- Caracotchéa
- Choko Ona
- Errékaldéa
- Fargas (château)
- Ferrandoénéa
- Garatégaïna
- Haranbiako Borda
- Harguinaénéa
- Harguinchuria
- Hirureta
- Indartéa
- Iputchaénéa
- Ithurraldéa
- Ithurricheta
- Jauberria
- Pontoussénéa
- Puchulua
- La Solitude
- Tofinaenea
- Uhaldéa
Toponymy edit
The name Ascarat appears in the forms:
- Ascarat (1106[8]),
- Escarat (13th century[8]),
- Azcarat (1350[8]),
- Atzcarat (1366[8]),
- Azquarat (1413[8]),
- Axcarat (1513,[9] Titles of Pamplona[10]),
- Axcarate (1621,[9] Martin Biscay[11]), and
- Sanctus Julianus d'Ascarat (1763,[9] Collations of the Diocese of Bayonne[12]).
Jean-Baptiste Orpustan indicated that the name is composed of aitz ("rock") and garate ("high place"), giving "a height of rocks".[8]
Chubitoa was a hamlet in Ascarat and Anhaux, mentioned in 1863[13]
Jauréguy was a fief, vassal of the Kingdom of Navarre, cited in the 1863 dictionary[14] as was Larragoyen.[15]
History edit
The parish was mentioned in 1256 and was "ravaged by soldiers" in 1396.[16]
In 1391 Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry included the modern communes of Anhaux, Ascarat, Irouléguy, and Lasse.[17]
Heraldry edit
| |
Blazon: Quarterly, at 1 Azure, a vine stalk leaved in Argent, fruited in Or; at 2 Argent an eagle rising of Sable on a mount of Vert; at 3 Argent with 2 fesses of Gules; at 4 Azure with a horse gai passant of Or surmounted by two mullets of Argent posed in fesse, a canton sinister of Gules charged with a sword of Argent.
|
Administration edit
List of Successive Mayors[18]
| From | To | Name | Party | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 2020 | Jean-Michel Galant | AB | General Councillor |
| 2020 | 2026 | Philippe Etchenique |
Inter-communality edit
The commune is part of nine inter-communal structures:[19]
- the Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque;
- the SIVOS of Garazi;
- the SIVU Hiruen Artean;
- the AEP association of Anhice;
- the Energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques;
- the inter-communal association for sanitation of Ur Garbi;
- the inter-communal association for the management and development of the abattoir at Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port;
- the joint association for the Drainage basin of the Nive;
- the association to support Basque culture.
Demography edit
In 2017 the commune had 321 inhabitants.
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| Source: EHESS[20] and INSEE[21] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Economy edit
The commune is part of the production zone of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) of Irouléguy and also of the AOC zone of Ossau-iraty.
Economic activity is mainly agricultural.
Culture and heritage edit
Civil heritage edit
There are several houses and farms in the commune which are registered as historical monuments. These are:
- Uhaldea House (18th century)
[22] - Harizpea Farm (1587) [23]
- Chateau de Vergues (or Chateau de Fargas) (18th century) [24]
- Houses and Farms (17th-19th centuries) [25]
Religious heritage edit
The Church of Saint-Julien-d'Antioche
is of medieval origin was heavily rebuilt in the 18th and 19th century.[26]
Notable people linked to the commune edit
- Pierre Narbaitz, born in 1910 at Ascarat and died in 1984 at Cambo-les-Bains, was a historian, writer, and a basque French academic of the Basque and French languages.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.
- ^ "Populations légales 2021". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
- ^ a b AZKARATE, Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia (in Spanish)
- ^ Brigitte Jobbé-Duval, Dictionary of place names - Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 2009, Archives and Culture, ISBN 978-2-35077-151-9 (in French)
- ^ a b Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque language (Basque)
- ^ a b c Google Maps
- ^ Géoportail, IGN (in French)
- ^ a b c d e f Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, ISBN 2 86781 396 4 (in French)
- ^ a b c Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011, p. 15 (in French)
- ^ Titles published by don José Yanguas y Miranda (in French)
- ^ Derecho de naturaleza que la merindad de San-Juan-del-pie-del-puerto, una de las seys de Navarra, tiene en Castilla - 1622 petit in-4° (in Spanish)
- ^ Manuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
- ^ Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 50 (in French)
- ^ Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 85 (in French)
- ^ Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 94 (in French)
- ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000420 Presentation of the commune of Ascarat (in French)
- ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000425 Presentation of the commune of Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry (in French)
- ^ List of Mayors of France (in French)
- ^ Intercommunality of Pyrénées-Atlantiques Archived 2014-05-12 at the Wayback Machine, Cellule informatique préfecture 64, consulted on 2 March 2012 (in French)
- ^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Ascarat, EHESS (in French).
- ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
- ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000459 Uhaldea House (in French)
- ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000416 Harizpea Farm (in French)
- ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000415 Chateau de Vergues (in French)
- ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000486 Houses and Farms (in French)
- ^ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000414 Church of Saint-Julien-d'Antioche (in French)
External links edit
- Ascarat on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website (in French)
- Azcarat on the 1750 Cassini Map
