Bilateral relations exist between Armenia and Croatia. Diplomatic relations between the countries were established on 8 July 1996. Armenia is represented in Croatia by its embassy in Rome, Italy, while Croatia is represented in Armenia by its embassy in Athens, Greece. In 2011, both countries have established honorary consulates, Armenia's residing in Zagreb, while Croatia's residing in Yerevan, the capitals of the respective countries.
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Armenia is a signatory of the European Union Association Agreement. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe and the OSCE.
History
editRepublic of Ragusa in present-day Dubrovnik was a center of Croatian-Armenian historical connections. Amongst many foreigners that inhabited Dubrovnik was a number of Armenians. Also, Ragusans celebrate Saint Blaise, a fourth century Armenian saint from Sivas as a patron-saint of their city. Also, other two patron saints of Dubrovnik, Zenobios and Zenobia, were Armenian saints from Cilicia, and Ragusans also observe a cult of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste. Ragusan bishop Raimondo Gallani (Croatian: Rajmund Jelić) was archbishop of Ankara and apostolic Vicar of Istanbul at the beginning of the 18th century. Gallani corresponded with Mkhitar Sebastatsi, the founder of the well-known Mekhitarist Order. The Ragusans cared for Catholics in the Ottoman Empire, including those in Armenia.[1]
A Croatian Jesuit from Perast, Father Josip Marinović, wrote Dissertazione polemico-critica sopra due dubbi di coscienza concernenti gli armeni cattolici, in 1783, at the request of a wealthy Armenian banker, Giovanni de Serpos. In the dissertation, Marinović defends Armenian Catholics in the Ottoman Empire who received the sacraments from the Monophysite Armenian Apostolic Church, which part of the clergy in Rome disapproved. Marinović wrote that Armenians had papal approval for performing rites in monophysite churches, as well as attending an Armenian rite mass, giving to charities, and observing holidays based on the Armenian calendar.[2]
During a theological debate, Marinović wrote a three-volume work with more than 1,600 pages titled Compendino storico di memorie cronologiche concernenti la religione e la morale della nazione Armena, which was to be the first modern history of Armenians written in the West. In his work, Marinović wrote about Armenian geography, a review of the political and church history of Armenia, the history of their catholicoi and synods, and a review of Armenian customs and other political and religious matters.[3]
Marinović's work influenced a final political and ecclesiastical solution to the problem of Armenian Catholics. With help from the Austrian and Russian Empire, the Vatican gained recognition of Armenian Catholics in the Ottoman Empire and founded their Archeparchy in Istanbul in 1830.[4] Marinović's work laid a foundation for modern research of Armenian history.[5]
Mekhitarists in Vienna, present-day Austria, published some 200 books in Croatian in the humanities and natural sciences. They also published a Croatian nationalist political journal Novi pozor between 1867 and 1869. Among notable Croatian authors whose books were published by the Michtarists in Vienna were Vjekoslav Babukić, Dimitrija Demeter, Juraj Haulik, Vjekoslav Klaić, Antun Mažuranić, Matija Mesić, Ilija Okrugić, Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Bogoslav Šulek, Josip Torbar and others.[6]
Armenian genocide
editCroats share deep sympathy with Armenians in the aftermath of the Armenian genocide even when Croatia has not recognized the genocide. It is noted that the genocide is carefully studied and distributed in Croatia,[7] which prompted Turkish Government to demand the Croatian Government removing the content of Armenian Genocide. Zagreb refused the offer.[8]
Representation
editArmenia recognised Croatia as an independent country on 21 June 1994, while diplomatic relations between the countries were established on 8 July 1996.[9] Armenia is represented in Croatia by its embassy in Rome, Italy Croatia is represented in Armenia by its embassy in Athens, Greece,[10] Both countries have honorary consulates.
Agreements
editArmenia and Croatia have signed three agreements and one protocol:[11][12]
| Agreement | Signatories | Date of conclusion | Date of entry into force | Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protocol on cooperation between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia |  Vahan Papazian, Foreign Minister Mate Granić, Foreign Minister |
14 September 1996 | 14 September 1996 | Zagreb, Yerevan |
| Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the Government of the Republic of Armenia on mutual abolishing of visa requirements for holders of diplomatic and service passports | Levon Ter-Petrosyan, President Franjo Tuđman, President |
16 June 1997 | 25 December 1999 | Zagreb, Yerevan |
| Agreement between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Armenia for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income | Serzh Sargsyan, President Stjepan Mesić, President |
22 May 2009 | - | Yerevan |
| Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the Government of the Republic of Armenia on Co-operation in the Fields of Culture, Education and Science | Serzh Sargsyan, President Stjepan Mesić, President |
22 May 2009 | 18 February 2010 | Yerevan |
| Memorandum of Understanding between the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia and the Diplomatic School of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia on Cooperation in the Field of Diplomatic Training and Education | Ararat Mirzoyan, Foreign Minister Gordan Grlić-Radman, Foreign Minister |
8 February 2023 | 8 February 2023 | Yerevan |
| References: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia;[11] Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia[12] | ||||
Trade
edit| Year | Armenia's export to Croatia (in thousands of $) | Croatia's export to Armenia (in thousands of $) |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 254.8 | 732.5 |
| 2020 | 64.6 | 662.7 |
| 2021 | 173.6 | 965.4 |
| 2022 | 387.6 | 1,009.0 |
| Reference: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia[11] | ||
High level visits
edit| Visits to Armenia | Visits to Croatia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Visitor | References | Date | Visitor | References |
| 22 May 2009 | Stjepan Mesić, Croatia's President | [13] | 22–23 October 2003 | Vartan Oskanian, Armenia's Foreign Minister | [14] |
| 20–21 March 2011 | Luka Bebić, Croatia's Speaker of the Parliament | [15] | 7–8 September 2009 | Serzh Sargsyan, Armenia's President | [16] |
| 7–8 February 2023 | Gordan Grlić-Radman, Croatia's Foreign Minister | [17] | |||
See also
edit
References
editNotes
edit- ^ Lupis 2009, pp. 207–208.
- ^ Lupis 2009, pp. 208–209.
- ^ Lupis 2009, p. 209.
- ^ Lupis 2009, pp. 209–210.
- ^ Lupis 2009, p. 203.
- ^ Bagdasarov & Lupis 2014, pp. 522–523.
- ^ Paradigm of the Armenian Genocide and Armenian and Croatian contacts (2).docx.
- ^ "Turkey has asked the Croatian minister of Education to remove "unfair" references on the 1915 Armenian genocide from school textbooks [Document]". 29 January 2015.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia (a).
- ^ Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia (b).
- ^ a b c Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia.
- ^ a b Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia (c).
- ^ President of the Republic of Armenia (a).
- ^ Index.hr & 21 October 2003.
- ^ News.az & 18 March 2011.
- ^ President of the Republic of Armenia (b).
- ^ Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia (d).
Journals
edit- Bagdasarov, Artur; Lupis, Vinicije (2014). "Armenski narod, Armenska Apostolska Crkva i doprinos armenskih katolika hrvatskoj kulturi". Crkva U Svijetu (in Croatian). 49 (4). Split: Katolički bogoslovni fakultet Sveučilišta u Splitu. ISSN 0352-4000.
- Lupis, Vinicije (2009). "O armensko-hrvatskim kontaktima". Društvena istraživanja (in Croatian). 18 (1/2 (99-100)). Zagreb: Institut za primijenjena društvena istraživanja. ISSN 1330-0288.
News reports
edit- "Armenski ministar vanjskih poslova u dvodnevnom posjetu" (in Croatian). Index.hr. 21 October 2003. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
- "At the Invitation of the President Serzh Sargsyan the President of Croatia, Stjepan Mesic Has Arrived to Armenia on Official Visit". President of the Republic of Armenia. 22 May 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
- "Croatian Speaker to visit Armenia". News.az. 18 March 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
- "Official Visit of President Serz Sargsyan to the Republic of Croatia". President of the Republic of Armenia. 7 September 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
- "The Newly Appointed Ambassador of Croatia Presented His Credentials to President Serzsh Sargsyan". President of the Republic of Armenia. 4 June 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
Other sources
edit- "Croatia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia. 17 March 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- "Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- "Embassies of the Republic of Croatia in the world". Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- "Ministar Grlić Radman u službenom posjetu Republici Armeniji". Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- "Overview of Bilateral Treaties of the Republic of Croatia by Country". Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia. Retrieved 24 October 2023.