Wikipedia

Aquilegia sibirica

Aquilegia sibirica, the Siberian columbine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae' native to the north-central Asian regions of Siberia, northern Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Xinjiang.[1][2] A hardy perennial plant, it prefers temperate environments.[3] The Siberian columbine can be between one and two feet tall with flowers that are lilac-blue and white in color.[4]

Aquilegia sibirica
Aquilegia sibirica (Siberian columbine)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Aquilegia
Species:
A. sibirica
Binomial name
Aquilegia sibirica
Synonyms[1]
List
    • Aquilegia bicolor Ehrh.
    • Aquilegia grandiflora Patrin ex DC.
    • Aquilegia sibirica var. bicolor Regel
    • Aquilegia sibirica var. concolor C.A.Mey.
    • Aquilegia sibirica var. discolor C.A.Mey.
    • Aquilegia sibirica var. grandiflora DC.
    • Aquilegia sibirica var. ircutiana Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.
    • Aquilegia sibirica var. media Rapaics
    • Aquilegia sibirica var. stenopetala Regel
    • Aquilegia speciosa DC.
    • Aquilegia speciosa var. bicolor (Ehrh.) DC.
    • Aquilegia speciosa var. concolor DC.
    • Aquilegia vulgaris var. daurica Willd.
    • Aquilegia vulgaris var. sibirica L.
    • Aquilegia vulgaris var. speciosa Aiton

Description edit

The Siberian columbine was first described with the binomial Aquilegia sibirica in 1783 within Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's botanical volume for Encyclopédie Méthodique.[5] The plant had been previously described as Aquilegia vulgaris var. sibirica in 1767 within the 12th edition of Systema Naturae.[6] By 1892, the Siberian columbine was identified as a close relative of the northern North American smallflower columbine.[7]

The plant has nearly glabrous bi- and triternate leaves with leaflets that run between one and two inches across.[4] Stems are leafless, with many terminating in flowers.[8] Siberian columbine flowers are lilac-blue to white. The plant may be between one and two feet in height.[4] In northern latitudes, the flower blooms between May and June.[9]

The plant's appearance is very proximate to that of Aquilegia flabellata;[10] historically, A. flabellata was considered a blue variety of the Siberian columbine with the homotypic synonym Aquilegia sibirica var. flatbellata.[11][12] Also in common with other Aquilegia species, the Siberian columbine possesses nectar spurs. Crosses between Aquilegia sibirica and Aquilegia ecalcarata–the only Aquilegia species that lacks spurred pedals–have been studied to identify the gene responsible for spurred pedals.[13] The plant prefers temperate environments. Like other Aquilegia, Aquilegia sibirica is a hardy perennial plant.[3][10]

The plant has been considered a medicinal herb in Mongolia. In the 21st century, extracts from Aquilegia sibirica have been researched for and found to possess antifungal qualities.[14]

Distribution edit

 
A Siberian hillside featuring Aquilegia sibirica, Veratrum album, and Pedicularis resupinata, c. 1920

Aquilegia sibirica is native to the north-central Asian regions of Siberia, northern Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Xinjiang.[3] Evidence for a continuous Euro-Siberian vegetation is found in the distribution of the Siberian columbine considered alongside that of the Aquilegia vulgaris.[15] The population in Middle Siberia is considered a quaternary relict (a population that once possessed a broader range in an earlier geologic epoch).[16] In open portions of the taiga in the Siberian Sayansky District, Siberian columbines and other vascular plants can form a dense, two-meter-tall vegetation that can obscure the view of people traversing through these areas.[17]

The flower was introduced to the United States by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1933.[4] Finnish research has suggested that Aquilegia sibirica is among the Siberian and Far Eastern plants that could prove valuable for northern landscaping.[18]

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Aquilegia sibirica Lam". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  2. ^ Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. Academic Press. 5 February 2013. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-12-384720-1. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  3. ^ a b c "Aquilegia sibirica". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d Inventory No. 115: Plant Material Introduced by the Division of Plant Introduction, Bureau of Plant Industry, April 1 to June 30, 1933 (No. 102378–103406). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture. July 1935. p. 44. Archived from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  5. ^ "Aquilegia sibirica". International Plant Names Index. Archived from the original on 11 May 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  6. ^ "Aquilegia vulgaris var. sibirica". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on 14 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  7. ^ Brühl, P. (1892). "De Ranunculaceis Indicis Disputationes". The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (in Latin) (3). Asiatic Society of Bengal: 319.
  8. ^ "Aquilegia sibirica". Alpine Garden Society Plant Encyclopedia. Alpine Garden Society. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  9. ^ "Hardy Exotic Plants Suitable for the Gardens of Missouri and Adjoining States". Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin. IX (7). Missouri Botanical Garden: 91. September 1921.
  10. ^ a b "Columbines". University of Saskatchewan. 2 May 2021. Archived from the original on 14 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  11. ^ Takeda, H. (1913). The Vegetation of Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge Botany School. p. 15.
  12. ^ "Aquilegia sibirica var. flabellata (Siebold & Zucc.) Finet & Gagnep". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  13. ^ Ballerini, Evangeline S.; Min, Ya; Edwards, Molly B.; Kramer, Elena M.; Hodges, Scott A. (8 September 2020). "POPOVICH, encoding a C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor, plays a central role in the development of a key innovation, floral nectar spurs, in Aquilegia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117 (36). National Academy of Sciences: 22552–22560. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11722552B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2006912117. JSTOR 26969162. PMC 7486772. PMID 32848061.
  14. ^ Giordani, Cristiano; Simonetti, Giovanna; Natsagdorj, Damdinsuren; Choijamts, Gotov; Ghirga, Francesca; Calcaterra, Andrea; Quaglio, Deborah; De Angelis, Giulia; Toniolo, Chiara; Pasqua, Gabriella (2020). "Antifungal activity of Mongolian medicinal plant extracts". Natural Product Research. 34 (4). Taylor & Francis: 449–455. doi:10.1080/14786419.2019.1610960. PMID 31135192. S2CID 167220925. Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  15. ^ Fior, Simone; Li, Mingai; Oxelman, Bengt; Viola, Roberto; Hodges, Scott A.; Ometto, Lino; Varotto, Claudio (5 February 2013). "Spatiotemporal reconstruction of the Aquilegia rapid radiation through next-generation sequencing of rapidly evolving cpDNA regions". New Phytologist. 198 (2). Wiley-Blackwell: 325–633. doi:10.1111/nph.12163. PMID 23379348.
  16. ^ Ziman, Svetlana N.; Keener, Carl S. (1989). "A Geographical Analysis of the Family Ranunculaceae". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 76 (4). Missouri Botanical Garden: 1021. doi:10.2307/2399690. JSTOR 2399690. Archived from the original on 14 August 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  17. ^ Printz, Henrik (1921). The Vegetation of the Siberian-Mongolian Frontiers (The Sayansk Region). Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters. p. 50.
  18. ^ "Hardy plants for landscaping and restoration in northern Finland". Environment, Local Society and Sustainable Tourism (PDF). Artic Centre Reports. Vol. 50. University of Lapland. 2007. p. 63. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
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