The Adrian Temple of Tehran (Persian: نیایشگاه آدریان تهران, romanized: Niâyešgāh-e Ādriān-e Tehrān), also called the Great Adorian, is a Zoroastrian fire temple in Tehran, Iran.[1] Opened during the late Qajar period in 1917, it is the only fire temple in Tehran, and has been on the Iran National Heritage List since 2003.[2][3] The fire continuously burning within the temple goes back to a line of fires burning since 470 CE.[4]
| Adrian Temple of Tehran | |
|---|---|
نیایشگاه آدریان تهران | |
 Façade of the Adrian Temple of Tehran | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Zoroastrianism |
| Year consecrated | 1917 |
| Status | Active |
| Location | |
| Municipality | Tehran |
| Country | Iran |
  Location in Tehran, Iran | |
| Geographic coordinates | 35°41′44″N 51°24′51″E / 35.695672°N 51.414073°E |
| Architecture | |
| Groundbreaking | August 1913 |
| Completed | 1917 |
History
editIn the 19th century, the Indian subcontinent harbored a large community of Zoroastrian Parsis, descendants from Persians who fled from religious persecution after the Arab conquest of the Persian Empire, as well as later Zoroastrian refugees fleeing Qajar rule.[5] In 1853, the Society for the Amelioration of the Conditions of the Zoroastrians in Persia was founded in Bombay, India, with the goal of improving conditions for Zoroastrians in the "original homeland" of Iran.[6]
The Iran-Parsi connections were instrumental in the realization of the Adrian Temple: it was largely made possible by Keikhosrow Shahrokh, who had been to school in Bombay, with the financial backing of the Bombay sisters Zarbai and Sunabai Dubash as well as of Parsi philanthropist Bahramji Bikaji.[7][8] Shahrokh was the first Zoroastrian representative to the Iranian parliament, serving from 1908 until 1940.[9]
The foundation stone was laid in August 1913 by the minister of education at the time, and future prime minister, Mehdi Qoli Khan Hedayat. However, due to bad press concerning Tehran Zoroastrians in Bombay newspapers, the financial aid from India halted, leaving the temple without a roof until Zoroastrians within Iran were able to finance its completion in 1917.[10]
The consecration ceremony was held on 30 November 1917, or the ninth day of the ninth month in the Zoroastrian and Persian calendars, the day of the fire festival of Azergan.[11] The fire within the temple, which has been burning ever since, was brought over the course of 25 days from the Fire Temple of Yazd, and thus claims a lineage of fire going back to at least 470 CE.[4]
The originally brick façade was changed to marble in 1966, financed by Fereydoun Farahmand in memory of Shirmard Farahmand.[11]
Building
editThe layout of the temple is based on Parsi designs.[9] A portico of six columns flanks the entrance, leading into the assembly and prayer hall. Burning within the domed fire chamber, or ātašgāh, the fire is visible from three sides through glass windows. The building sits on a site of approximately 1300 square metres, and is fronted by an oval 4-by-8 metre water basin.[11] The building contains an additional hall, named Iraj, for ceremonies, among other rooms and halls in the complex.[1][11]
Current use
editManaged by the Zoroastrian Association of Tehran, the Adrian Temple is the only functioning and active Zoroastrian fire temple in Tehran.[11][1] While it is thus used for Zoroastrian ceremonies including Nowruz, Sadeh, and weddings, for example, it is at other times open for visits by the general public.[1][11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d Fozi, Navid (2014). Reclaiming the Faravahar: Zoroastrian survival in contemporary Tehran. Leiden University Press. ISBN 9789087282141.
- ^ "معرفی نیایشگاه و آتشکده آدریان تهران". Parsine. 14 February 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ "بنای معبد آدریان". Iranarchpedia (in Persian). Ministry of Roads and Urban Development. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
- ^ a b Eduljee, K. E. "Zoroastrians & Zoroastrianism in the Yazd Region". Heritage Institute. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ Skutsch, Carl (2013-11-07). Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. Routledge. p. 953. ISBN 978-1-135-19388-1.
- ^ Strausberg, Michael (2015). "Zoroastrians in Moden Iran". In Stausberg, Michael; Vevaina, Yuhan Sohrab‐Dinshaw (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. p. 173-190. ISBN 978-1-4443-3135-6.
- ^ Grigor, Talinn (2016). "Persian Architectural Revivals in the British Raj and Qajar Iran". Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. 36 (3): 384–397. doi:10.1215/1089201x-3698959. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ "Iran's Quiet Ban on Muslims Visiting Other Places of Worship". IranWire. 24 August 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ a b Grigor, Talinn (2010). "Parsi Patronage of the Urheimat". Getty Research Journal. 2: 53–68. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ "نیایشگاه آدریان". سیری در ایران. 7 April 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f وحیدی, شقایق. "آتشکده آدریان". کجارو. Retrieved 27 July 2024.