The 23rd G8 summit was held on June 20–22, 1997 in Denver, Colorado, United States. The venue was the newly constructed Denver Public Library in downtown Denver.[1] The locations of previous G8 summits to have been hosted by the United States include: Dorado, Puerto Rico (1976), Williamsburg, Virginia (1983), and Houston, Texas (1990).
| 23rd G8 summit | |
|---|---|
 | |
.jpg) Family photo of the G8 leaders | |
| Host country | United States |
| Dates | June 20–22, 1997 |
| Follows | 22nd G7 summit |
| Precedes | 24th G8 summit |
The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada starting in 1976. The G8, meeting for the first time in 1997, was formed with the addition of Russia.[2] In addition, the President of the European Commission has been formally included in summits since 1981.[3] The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany's chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the initial summit of the Group of Six (G6) in 1975.[4]
Leaders at the summit edit
The G8 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.[3]
The 23rd G8 summit was the first summit for British Prime Minister Tony Blair and, as it was formed with the addition of Russia, Russian President Boris Yeltsin.
Participants edit
These participants were the "core members" of the 23rd G8 summit:[5][1][6]
| Core G8 members Host state and leader are shown in bold text. | |||
| Member | Represented by | Title | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Canada | Jean Chrétien | Prime Minister |
|
France | Jacques Chirac | President |
|
Germany | Helmut Kohl | Chancellor |
|
Italy | Romano Prodi | Prime Minister |
|
Japan | Ryutaro Hashimoto | Prime Minister |
|
Russia | Boris Yeltsin | President |
|
United Kingdom | Tony Blair | Prime Minister |
|
United States | Bill Clinton | President |
|
European Union | Jacques Santer | Commission President |
| Wim Kok | Council President | ||
Priorities edit
Traditionally, the host country of the G8 summit sets the agenda for negotiations, which take place primarily amongst multi-national civil servants in the weeks before the summit itself, leading to a joint declaration which all countries can agree to sign.
Issues edit
The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions.[4]
Accomplishments edit
A tangible legacy of this summit is the Denver Public Library's main building, an existing library which was transformed into a "masterful composition of new forms". The library has become recognized as one of Denver's city icons.[7] The dramatic post-modern structure was designed by architect Michael Graves.[8] The building was initially used as the summit site; and afterward, it was opened to the public as the city's central library.[9]
The appearance of Boris Yelsin representing Russia as part of the G8 was transformative. Yelsin himself said, "I want very much for it to be written: 'Denver conclusively agrees that the G-7 is transformed into a G-8.'"[10]
In 1997, the summit leaders proclaimed that forests "continue to be destroyed and degraded at alarming rates;" and the G-7 called for the elimination of "illegal logging," but there is little evidence of follow-up action.[11]
Business opportunity edit
For some, the G8 summit became a profit-generating event; as for example, the official G8 Summit magazines which have been published under the auspices of the host nations for distribution to all attendees since 1998.[12] The special dining opportunities for the summit attendees were created by chefs hired especially for this occasion. President Bill Clinton’s state dinner was held at The Fort Restaurant[13] and offered buffalo, trout, and fried squash blossoms filled with wild mushrooms and rattlesnake meat.[14]
Denver's "Summit of the Eight" planned ahead to ensure that sensitive documents wouldn't fall into the wrong hands because those attending would have the option of shredding any documents before discarding them. The summit organizers leased more than 25 new paper shredders from a Denver company that sells, services and leases the machines—and this was the largest order of its kind for the small local business.[15]
Gallery edit
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References edit
- ^ a b Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA): Summit Meetings in the Past.
- ^ Saunders, Doug. "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders," Archived 2008-10-11 at the Wayback Machine Globe and Mail (Toronto). July 5, 2008.
- ^ a b Reuters: "Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?", July 3, 2008.
- ^ a b Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations, p. 205.
- ^ Rieffel, Lex. "Regional Voices in Global Governance: Looking to 2010 (Part IV)," Archived June 3, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Brookings. March 27, 2009; "core" members (Muskoka 2010 G-8, official site). Archived June 2, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ MOFA: Summit (23); G8 Research Group: Delegations; "EU and the G8" Archived February 26, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Mack, Linda. "Children's Theatre design fails to soar; The $27 million addition to the Children's Theatre in Minneapolis will enlarge its creative capacity but doesn't add to the Twin Cities' architectural legacy<" (Star Tribune (Minneapolis). October 23, 2005.
- ^ "Graves deserves it," Denver Post. December 7, 2000;
- ^ Bount, Donald and Emily Narvaes. "Denver library looms as likely summit host," Denver Post. April 15, 1997.
- ^ AP: "In Denver, Yeltsin enjoyed a shining moment at G-8 summit," Archived 2007-10-20 at archive.today Rocky Mountain Collegian (Fort Collins, Colorado). April 24, 2007.
- ^ Sadruddin, Aga Khan. "It's Time to Save the Forests," New York Times. July 19, 2000.
- ^ Prestige Media: Archived 2009-05-19 at the Wayback Machine "official" G8 Summit magazine Archived 2009-05-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Browning-Blas, Kristen (2013-02-04). "The Fort restaurant in Morrison celebrates its 50th anniversary". The Denver Post. Retrieved 2021-10-04.
- ^ "Summit leaders take on the world's problems". CNN. June 21, 1997. Archived from the original on February 19, 2007.
- ^ "Shredders distributed for action,"Denver Post. June 20, 1997. Archived October 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
Sources edit
- Bayne, Nicholas and Robert D. Putnam. (2000). Hanging in There: The G7 and G8 Summit in Maturity and Renewal. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-1185-1; OCLC 43186692
- Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-16486-3; ISBN 978-0-203-45085-7; OCLC 39013643
External links edit
- Official G8 website: Denver summit, 1997; n.b., no official website is created for any G7 summit prior to 1995 -- see the 21st G7 summit.
- University of Toronto: G8 Research Group, G8 Information Centre