Wikipedia:WikiProject Law/JD curriculum task force/Torts

Cases and Materials on Torts by Richard Epstein (8th ed., 2004)

Physical and Mental Harms

Intentionally Inflicted Harms: The Prima Facie Case and Defenses

• Physical Harms
  • Trespass to Person, Land, and Chattels
    • Vosburg v. Putney, 50 N.W. 403 (Wisc. 1891)
    • Dougherty v. Stepp, 18 N.C. 371 (N.C. 1835)
    • Intel Corp. v. Hamidi, 30 Cal. 4th 1342 (Cal. 2003)
  • Defenses to Intentional Torts
    • Consensual Defenses
      • Mohr v. Williams, 104 N.W. 12 (Minn. 1905)
      • Canterbury v. Spence
      • Hudson v. Craft, 33 Cal.2d 654 (Cal. 1949)
    • Insanity
      • McGuire v. Almy
    • Self-defense
      • Courvoisier v. Raymond
    • Defense of Property
      • Bird v. Holbrook
    • Recapture of Chattels
      • Kirby v. Foster
    • Necessity
      • Ploof v. Putnam
      • Vincent v. Lake Erie Transportation Co.
      • Thompson, The Trolley Problem
• Emotional and Dignitary Harms
  • Assault
    • I. de S. and Wife v. W. de S.
    • Tuberville v. Savage, 86 Eng .Rep. 684 (K. B. 1669)
    • Blackstone, Commentaries (Vol. 3, p. 120 of the 1790 edition)
  • Offensive Battery
    • Alcorn v. Mitchell
  • False Imprisonment
    • Bird v. Jones
    • Coblyn v. Kennedy's, Inc.
  • Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress: Extreme and Outrageous Conduct
    • Wilkinson v. Downton, 2 Q.B. 57 (Q.B. 1897)
    • American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of Torts § 46

Strict Liability and Negligence: Historic and Analytic Foundations

• Formative Cases
  • The Thorns Case, Y.B. 6 Ed. 4 (K.B. 1466)
  • Weaver v. Ward
• The Forms of Action
  • The Significance of the Forms
  • Trespass and Case
    • Scott v. Shepherd, 96 Eng. Rep. 525 (K.B. 1773)
  • The Breakdown of the Forms
• Strict Liability and Negligence in the Last Half of the Nineteenth Century
  • Brown v. Kendall
  • Rylands v. Fletcher, U.K.H.L. 1 (1868)
  • Brown v. Collins
  • Powell v. Fall
  • Holmes, The Common Law (1881), pp. 77-84, 88-96
• Strict Liability and Negligence in Modern Times
  • Bolton v. Stone, AC 850 (U.K.H.L. 1951)
  • Hammontree v. Jenner

The Negligence Issue

• The Reasonable Person
  • Vaughan v. Menlove, 132 Eng. Rep. 490 (C.P. 1837)
  • Holmes, The Common Law (1881), pp. 107-109
  • Roberts v. Ring
  • Daniels v. Evans
  • Breunig v. American Family Insurance Co.
  • Fletcher v. City of Aberdeen
  • Robinson v. Pioche, Bayerque & Co.
  • Denver & Rio Grande R.R. v. Peterson
• Calculus of Risk
  • Blyth v. Birmingham Water Works, 156 Eng. Rep. 1047 (Ex. Ch. 1856)
  • Eckert v. Long Island R.R.
  • Terry, Negligence, Harvard Law Review (1915), pp. 42-44
  • Seavey, Negligence—Subjective or Objective?, Harvard Law Review (1927), p. 8, n. 7
  • Osborne v. Montgomery
  • Cooley v. Public Service Co.
  • United States v. Carroll Towing Co., 159 F.2d 169 (2d. Cir. 1947)
  • Ross, Settled Out of Court, The Social Process of Insurance Claims Adjustment (2d ed., 1980), pp. 98-99
  • Lyons v. Midnight Sun Transportation Services, Inc.
  • Andrews v. United States
• Custom
  • Titus v. Bradford, B. & K. R. Co.
  • Mayhew v. Sullivan Mining Co.
  • The T.J. Hooper
  • Lama v. Borras
  • Canterbury v. Spence
• Statutes and Regulations
  • Thayer, Public Wrong and Private Action, Harvard Law Review (1914), pp. 321-323
  • Osborne v. McMasters
  • Restatement (Third) of Torts: Liability for Physical Harms § 14
  • California Evidence Code § 69(a)
  • Martin v. Herzog, 126 N.E. 814 (N.Y. 1920)
  • Brown v. Shyne
  • Uhr v. East Greenbush Central School District
• Judge and Jury
  • Holmes, The Common Law (1881),pp. 110-111, 120-124
  • Baltimore and Ohio R.R. v. Goodman
  • Pokora v. Wabash Ry.
  • Jewell v. CSX Transportion, Inc.
• Proof of Negligence
  • Problems of Proof
  • Res Ipsa Loquitur
    • Byrne v. Boadle, 159 Eng. Rep. 299 (1863)
    • Colmenares Vivas v. Sun Alliance Insurance Co.
    • Ybarra v. Spangard

Plaintiff's Conduct

• Contributory Negligence
  • Basic Doctrine
    • Butterfield v. Forrester
    • Beems v. Chicago, Rock Island & Peoria R.R.
    • Schwartz, Tort Law and the Economy in Nineteenth-Century America: A Reinterpretation, Yale Law Journal (1981), pp. 1717, 1759-162
    • Gyerman v. United States Lines Co.
    • LeRoy Fibre Co. v. Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry.
    • Derheim v. N. Fiorito Co.
  • Last Clear Chance
    • Fuller v. Illinois Central R.R.
    • American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of Torts § 479
• Imputed Contributory Negligence
  • Mills v. Armstrong
• Assumption of Risk
  • Lamson v. American Axe & Tool Co.
  • Murphy v. Steelpechase Amusement Co.
  • Obstetrics & Gynecologists Ltd. v. Pepper
• Comparative Negligence
  • At Common Law
    • Beach, Beach on Contributory Negligence (2d ed. 1892), pp. 12-13
    • Prosser, Comparative Negligence, California Law Review (1953), pp. 3-4
    • Li v. Yellow Cab Co. of California, 532 P.2d 1226 (Cal. 1975)
  • By Legislation
    • Federal Employers Liability Act, 45 U.S.C. § 53 (2000)
    • New York Civil Practive Law and Rules §§ 1411-1412 (1997)
    • 42 Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes § 7102 (1998)
    • Wisconsin Statutes § 895.045 (1997)
    • Restatement (Third) of Torts—Apportionment of Liability § 7

Multiple Defendants: Joint, Several, and Vicarious Liability

• Joint and Several Liability
  • Union Stock Yards co. of Omaha v. Chicago, Burlington, & Quincy R.R.
  • California Civil Procedure Code §§ 875-877.5
  • American Motorcycle Association v. Superior Court
  • McDermott, Inc. v. AmClyde & River Don Castings, Ltd.
• Vicarious Liability
  • Ira S. Bushey & Sons, Inc. v. United States
  • Petrovich v. Share Health Plan of Illinois, Inc.

Causation

• Cause in Fact
  • New York Central R.R. v. Grimstad
  • Zuchowicz v. United States
  • General Electric Co. v. Joiner
  • Herskovits v. Group Health Cooperative
  • Kingston v. Chicago & N.W. Ry.
  • Summers v. Tice, 199 P.2d 1 (Cal. 1948)
  • Skipworth v. Lead Industries Association
• Proximate cause (Herein of Duty)
  • • Bacon, The Elements of the Common Lawes of England (1630)
    • Street, Foundations of Legal Liability (1906), Vol. I, p. 110
    • Ryan v. New York Central R.R.
    • Berry v. Sugar Notch Borough
    • Brower v. New York Central & H.R.R.
    • Wagner v. International Ry.
    • In re Polemis & Furness, Withy & Co., 3 K.B. 560 (1921)
    • Palsgraf v. Long Island R.R., 162 N.E. 99 (N.Y. 1928)
    • Marshall v. Nugent
    • Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Ltd. v. Morts Dock & Engineering Co., Ltd. (Wagon Mound (No. 1)), U.K.P.C. 1 (1961)
  • Emotional Distress
    • Mitchell v. Rochester Railway
    • Dillon v. Legg

Affirmative Duties

• The Duty to Rescue
  • Luke 10:30-37
  • Buch v. Amory Manufacturing Co.
  • Hurley v. Eddingfield
  • Ames, Law and Morals, Harvard Law Review (1908), pp. 110-113
  • Epstein, A Theory of Strict Liability, The Journal of Legal Studies (1973), p. 198-200
  • Posner, Epstein's Tort Theory: A Critique, The Journal of Legal Studies (1979), p. 460
  • Bender, A Lawyer's Primer on Feminist Theory and Tort, Journal of Legal Education (1988), pp. 34-35
  • Montgomery v. National Convoy & Trucking Co.
• Duties of Owners and Occupiers
  • Robert Addie & Sons (Collieries), Ltd. v. Dumbreck
  • Rowland v. Christian
• Gratuitous Undertakings
  • Coggs v. Bernard, 2 Ld. Raym. 909 (K.B. 1703)
  • Erie R.R. v. Stewart
  • Marsalis v. LaSalle
  • Moch Co. v. Rensselaer Water Co.
  • American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of Tort § 315
  • Kline v. 1500 Massachusetts Avenue Apartment Corp.
  • Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, 551 P.2d 334 (Cal. 1976)

Traditional Strict Liability

• Conversion
  • Poggi v. Scott
  • Moore v. Regents of the University of California, 793 P.2d 479 (Cal. 1990)
• Animals
  • Gehrts v. Batteen
• Ultrahazardous or Abnormally Dangerous Activities
  • Spano v. Perini Corp.
  • American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of Tort §§ 519, 520
  • American Law Institute, Restatement (Third) of Torts: Liability for Physical Harm (Basic Principles) § 20
  • Indiana Harbor Belt R.R. v. American Cyanamid Co., 916 F.2d 1174 (7th Cir. 1990)
• Nuisance
  • Private Nuisance
    • Vogel v. Grant-Lafayette Electric Cooperative
    • Fontainebleau Hotel Corp. v. Fort Five Twenty-Five, Inc.
    • Rogers v. Elliott
    • Ensign v. Walls
    • Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co., 26 N.Y.2d 219 (N.Y. 1970)
  • Public Nuisance
    • Anonymous, Y.B. Mich. 27 Hen. 8, f. 27, pl. 10 (1535) (Baldwin, C.J.) (dissent by Fitzherbert, J.)
    • 532 Madison Avenue Gourmet Foods, Inc. v. Finlandia Center, Inc.
    • Camden County Board of Chosen Freeholders v. Beretta, U.S.A. Corp.

Products Liability

• Exposition
  • Winterbottom v. Wright, 152 Eng. Rep. 402 (Ex. 1842)
  • MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co., 111 N.E. 1050 (N.Y. 1916)
  • Escola v. Coca Cola Bottling Co. of Fresno, 150 P.2d 436 (Cal. 1944)
• The Restatements
  • A Tale of Two Texts
    • American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of Torts § 402A
    • American Law Institute, Restatement (Third) of the Law of Products Liability §§ 1, 2
  • The Theory of Products Liability: Tort or Contract?
    • Casa Clara Condominium Association, Inc. v. Charley Toppino & Sons, Inc.
  • Proper Defendants Under Section 402A
    • Cafazzo v. Central Medical Health Services, Inc.
• Products Defects
  • Manufacturing Defects
    • American Law Institute, Restatement (Third) of Torts § 3
    • Speller v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.
  • Design Defects
    • Campo v. Scofield
    • 2 Harper and James On Torts § 28.5 (1956)
    • Wade, On the Nature of Strict Tort Liability for Products, in Mississippi Law Journal (1973), pp. 825, 836-837
    • Volkswagen of America, Inc. v. Young
    • Barker v. Lull Engineering Co.
    • Linegar v. Armour of America
    • Potter v. Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.
    • Halliday v. Sturn, Ruger & Co.
  • The Duty to Warn
    • MacDonald v. Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp.
    • Vassallo v. Baxter Healthcare Corp.
    • Hood v. Ryobi America Corp.
• Plaintiff's Conduct
  • Daly v. General Motors Corp.
• Federal Preemption
  • Geier v. American Honda Motor Co., 529 U.S. 861 (U.S. 2000)

Damages

• Recoverable Elements of Damages
  • Pain and Suffering
    • McDougald v. Garber
  • Economic Losses
    • O'Shea v. Riverway Towing Co.
    • Duncan v. Kansas City Southern Railway
  • Contingency Fees, Fee Shifting Devices, Sales of Tort Claims, and Litigation Insurance
    • Contingency Fees
    • Fee Shifting
    • Sales of Tort Claims
    • Litigation Insurance
• Collateral Benefits
  • Harding v. Town of Townshend
• Wrongful Death and Law of Consortium
  • Wrongful Death
    • History
    • Measure of Damages
  • Survival of Personal Injury Actions
  • Actions for Loss of Consortium
• Punitive Damages
  • Kemezy v. Peters
  • State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Campbell, 538 U.S. 408 (U.S. 2003)

The Institution of Insurance

• The Scope of Insurance Coverage
  • Modern Tort Litigation
    • Dimmitt Chevrolet, Inc. v. Southeastern Fidelity Insurance Corp.
  • Automobile Insurance Coverage
    • The March to Compulsory Insurance
    • The Standard Provisions of the Automobile Insurance Contract
• Ambiguities in the Position of the Liability Insurer
  • The Duty to Defend
  • The Obligation to Act in Good Faith
    • Crisci v. Security Insurance Co.

The No-Fault Systems

• Workers' Compensation
  • Historical Origins
  • The Scope of Coverage: "Arising out of and in the Course of Employment"
    • Clodgo v. Industry Rentavision, Inc.
    • Wilson v. Workers' Compensation Appeals Board
  • Benefits Under the Workers' Compensation Statutes
  • Exclusive Remedy
• No-Fault Insurance
  • Automobile No-Fault Insurance
    • American Bar Association, Special Committee on Automobile Insurance Legislation, Automobile No-Fault Insurance (1978), pp. 13-17
    • Epstein, Automobile No-Fault Plans: A Second Look at First Principles, Creighton Law Review (1980), pp. 789-790
    • Pinnick v. Cleary
  • No-Fault Insurance for Medical and Product Injuries
• The New Zealand Plan
  • Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry, Compensation for Personal Injury in New Zealand
  • Credit Suisse First Boston, Accident Compensation: Options for Reform 9-12 (1998)
• The 9/11 Compensation Fund
  • Colaio v. Feinberg

Torts Against Nonphysical Interests

Defamation

• Publication
  • Doe v. Gonzaga University, 536 U.S. 273 (U.S. 2002)
  • Firth v. State of New York
• False or Defamatory Statements
  • Parmiter v. Coupland
  • American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of Torts § 559
  • Wilkow v. Forbes, Inc.
  • Muzikowski v. Paramount Pictures Corp.
  • Veeder, Freedom of Public Discussion, Harvard Law Review (1910), pp. 419-420
• Libel and Slander
  • The Common Law Distinction
  • Libel Per Quod and Libel Per Se
• Basis of Liability: Intention, Negligence, and Strict Liability in Defamation
  • E. Hulton & Co. v. Jones
• Damages
  • Special Damages
    • Terwilliger v. Wands
    • Ellsworth v. Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory, Inc.
  • General Damages
    • McCormick, Damages § 116 (1935)
    • Faulk v. Aware, Inc.
  • Other Remedies
    • Injunctions
    • Retraction
    • Reply Statutes
• Nonconstitutional Defenses
  • Truth
    • Auvil v. CBS 60 Minutes
  • Privileges in the Private Sphere
    • Legal Proceedings and Reports Thereon
      • Kennedy v. Cannon
    • Reports on Public Proceedings or Meetings
      • Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. v. Jacobson
    • Fair Comment: Artistic and Literary Criticism
• Constitutional Privileges
  • Public Officials and Public Figures
    • New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (U.S. 1964)
    • Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts, 388 U.S. 130 (U.S. 1967)
  • Private Parties
    • Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc., 418 U.S. 323 (U.S. 1974)
    • Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps

Privacy

• Historical Background
  • Warren and Brandeis, The Right to Privacy, Harvard Law Review (1890), pp. 193-197
  • Prosser, Privacy, California Law Review (1960), pp. 383-384
  • Kalven, Privacy in the Tort Law—Were Warren and Brandeis Wrong?, Law and Contemporary Problems (1966), pp. 330-331
  • Prosser, Privacy, California Law Review (1960), pp. 389, 407
• Intrusion Upon Seclusion
  • American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of Torts § 652B
  • Nader v. General Motors Corp.
  • Desnick v. American Broadcasting Co., Inc.
• Public Disclosure of Embarrassing Private Facts
  • American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of Torts § 652D
  • Sidis v. F-R Publishing Corp.
  • Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn, 420 U.S. 469 (U.S. 1975)
  • Haynes v. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
• False Light
  • American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of Torts § 652E
  • Time, Inc. v. Hill
• Commercial Appropriation of Plaintiff's Name or Likeness, or the Right of Publicity
  • New York Civil Rights Law §§ 50, 51
  • American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of Torts § 652C
  • Restatement (Third): Unfair Competition § 46
  • White v. Samsung Electronics America, Inc
  • Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co., 433 U.S. 562 (U.S. 1977)
  • Factors Etc., Inc. v. Pro Arts, Inc.

Misrepresentation

• Fraud
  • Pasley v. Freeman
  • Vulcan Metals Co. v. Simmons Manufacturing Co.
  • Swinton v. Whitinsville Savings Bank
  • Laidlaw v. Organ, 15 U.S. 178 (U.S. 1817)
  • Edginton v. Fitzmaurice
  • Laborers Local 17 Health and Benefit Fund v. Philip Morris, Inc.
• Negligent Misrepresentation
  • Ultramares Corp. v. Touche, 174 N.E. 441 (N.Y. 1931)

Economic Harms

• Inducement of Breach of Contract
  • Lumley v. Gye, 118 Eng. Rep. 749 (K.B. 1853)
• Interference with Prospective Advantage
  • Tarleton v. M'Gawley
  • People Express Airlines, Inc. v. Consolidated Rale Corp.
• Unfair Competition
  • Mogul Steamship Co. v. McGregor, Gow, & Co.
  • International News Service v. Associated Press, 248 U.S. 215 (U.S. 1918)
  • The National Basketball Assn. v. Motorola, Inc.
  • Mosler Safe Co. v. Ely-Norris Safe Co.

Tort Immunities

• Domestic or Intrafamily Immunities
  • Parent and Child
    • Suits Between Parent and Child
    • Third Party Actions
  • Husband and Wife
• Charitable Immunity
• Municipal Corporations
  • At Common Law
  • By Statute
    • 745 Illinois Compiled Statutes §§ 10/2-102 — 10/2-202 (2003)
  • Under the Constitution
• Sovereign Immunity
  • Berkovitz v. United States
• Official Immunity
  • Clinton v. Jones, 520 U.S. 681 (U.S. 1997