Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Humanities/2023 March 14

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March 14

NSDAP/AO

Were there Fascist Italian and Imperial Japanese equivalents of the Nazi Party/Foreign Organization, organizing the Italian and Japanese diaspora? Thanks! --82.52.26.110 (talk) 22:54, 14 March 2023 (UTC)

Imperial Japanese, yes, I remember this offhand: Black Dragon Society. I took a look at Italian fascism#Influence outside Italy but there isn't any such formal organization described there, just some foreign admirers of it. Heavy Water (talk) 23:59, 14 March 2023 (UTC)

In the case of Italy, yes there were equivalent phenomenon albeit with some differences. The National Fascist Party (PNF) had the Fasci all'estero, there is a 1991 book about it: https://books.google.at/books?id=DByzAAAAIAAJ . Here a translated snippet; "In the mid-1930s, the Fasci all'estero had reached a rather large number, especially in the United States where the presence of Italians was more massive.". Another snippet: "To help its diplomats gain control of Italian communities , in 1928 the Fascist government issued the Statuto dei Fasci All'Estero ( Constitution of Fascists Abroad ) , which explained the dominance of the diplomats within Italian [...¨]" ([1]) Now clearly in Italy the division of labour between government (diplomatic corps/Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and party would have been much more blurry than the German case. The later Republican Fascist Party also had a foreign branch, Fasci Republiccani all'Estero e d'Oltramare. --Soman (talk) 15:35, 17 March 2023 (UTC)

This book https://books.google.at/books?id=GAymEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT31 appears to have plenty of material on this matter. See for example: "The Segretaria Generale dei Fasci all'Estero was founded in 1923 to try to discipline and control the sections of the Fascist Party that had sprung up abroad. From the outset, serious disputes arose between the Fasci all'Estero and traditional diplomats over space and prerogatives, which lasted at least until 1930. At that time, a compromise solution was adopted, whereby the Fasci all'Estero were submitted to the diplomats, but the Ministero degli Affari Esteri was required to support the fascist measures advocated by the party. [...] In 1929, there were 583 [fasci all'estero], with about 140,000 members, a number which had been increased to 180,000 in 1937, distributed, however, in a smaller number of sections, i.e. 487 units [...] Still, in 1939, German diplomats expressed the view that the Italian model (in which diplomacy controlled the fasci all'estero) must be replicated, at least in America, without success" --Soman (talk) 15:58, 17 March 2023 (UTC)