Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Humanities/2021 July 2

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July 2

United States Supreme Court Justices: personal opinions on climate change?

I’m interested in what the justices of the conservative bloc think about climate change and what if anything should be done about climate change. By the conservative bloc i mean John Roberts, Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito, Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, and Amy Barrett.Rich (talk) 04:14, 2 July 2021 (UTC)

Juliana v. United States#Background seems to cover this in general. It states "A few related cases on climate change have made it to the Supreme Court" and discusses some of them. Maybe you can infer their personal opinions from their public pronouncements? Clarityfiend (talk) 09:49, 2 July 2021 (UTC)

Coats of Arms of Knights Templar Grand Masters

This list of Grand Masters of the Knights Templar order shows their coats of arms on shields. They appear to be derived from a Commons image listed in the references. Were they actually used? If not, would the master's arms be distinct in any way? A book by Helen Nicholson mostly shows variations on the white shields with black band, but it is not very helpful. Internet searching has also failed me (nothing new there). I ask because I am painting a bust of a Templar and accuracy matters a lot to me. 2A00:23C7:1E11:6300:FDD1:E848:7101:CFE0 (talk) 10:52, 2 July 2021 (UTC)

The emblazons show most of the Grand Masters quartered their arms with argent, a cross pattée gules. Pattée is spelt with various spellings.
Sleigh (talk) 02:28, 3 July 2021 (UTC)

Thnks, but that's not very helpful to anyone who doesn't know what those terms mean. I had some difficulty finding their definitions. I wanted to know if their shields would be distinct from the other members of the order (they apparently had rules governing their appearance) and whether the images in that article are most likely to be correct (as there are some differences among images online). 2A00:23C7:1E11:6300:9DCF:4A0A:6D6F:4386 (talk) 16:04, 7 July 2021 (UTC)

WWII language extinction

Has WWII, with its millions of deaths, caused the extinction of some languages or dialects? --195.62.160.60 (talk) 14:24, 2 July 2021 (UTC)

Many of the areas of Europe most heavily affected by the war had already been churned up in previous wars. Some dialects of the Karaim language presumably became extinct, though the language as whole (barely) survived... AnonMoos (talk) 23:28, 2 July 2021 (UTC)

Just noticed that we have List of languages by time of extinction, according to which Bohemian Romani became extinct as a result of the war (though not during the war). AnonMoos (talk) 23:38, 2 July 2021 (UTC)

OP here. Apparently the Laiuse Romani language became extinct during the German occupation. I'm not sure about the Judaeo-Piedmontese dialect: it's not clear if it disappeared in the context of WWII. I have no information about languages in Asia. --195.62.160.60 (talk) 08:10, 3 July 2021 (UTC)

Here's I guess the most extinct language in the world, Votic language. 67.165.185.178 (talk) 04:46, 4 July 2021 (UTC).

? With a reported 4 native speakers and 100 people who have some knowledge of the language, the language is not quite as extinct as, say, Sumerian, which has not been spoken since over three millenia.  --Lambiam 12:27, 4 July 2021 (UTC)

A funny tradition requires that when someone mentiones the Dalmatian language, the exact date of extintion (10 June 1898) is also mentioned. This usally brings some questions about wheter a language with exactly one speaker is a "living" language. Sumerian would still win, if such a comparision made sense. Personuser (talk) 14:57, 4 July 2021 (UTC)

The Cornish language had several "last native speakers" over some decades, Dolly Pentreath (died 26 December 1777) being the best known, but another claimant was still alive in 1914. Alansplodge (talk) 21:38, 4 July 2021 (UTC)